Panda wofiira wofiira - chozizwitsa chenicheni cha chilengedwe. Ndiwokoma komanso wokongola kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuchotsa maso anu pa nyamayi. Chithumwa ichi ndi chilombo, ngakhale kuti chimakhala choopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha malaya ake owoneka bwino obiriwira, mawonekedwe ake osawoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa, amatha kutchedwa coquette, mukawona, simungakhalebe opanda chidwi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Panda wofiira wochepa
Achi China adadziwa zakupezeka kwa nyamayi mzaka zakumapeto kwazaka za m'ma 1300 ndipo adaitcha nkhandwe yoyaka moto. Ku Europe, adakumana ndi panda yaying'ono m'zaka za zana la 19 zokha. Katswiri wazachingerezi komanso wazachilengedwe a Thomas Hardwicke adazindikira zodabwitsa izi, koma asanakhale ndi nthawi yolemba izi, adagonjetsedwa ndi Mfalansa Cuvier, yemwe adatcha nyamayi Ailurus fulgens, yomwe imamasulira kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "mphaka wowala".
Hardwicke sanasangalale kwambiri, koma monga mwambi umati, "Aliyense amene adadya adadya." Chifukwa chake, Mfalansa adazindikira za nyama, ngakhale izi sizabwino kwenikweni. Pali mayina ena a chilombo chosangalatsachi; amatchedwanso chimbalangondo cha mphaka. Dzinalo panda adam'mamatira, chifukwa cha a Nepal, omwe amamutcha "punya".
Kanema: Panda Red Panda
Pochita kusanthula kwamitundu yonse, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza kuti nyama zazikuluzikulu ndi zazikuluzikulu zili ndi ubale wapabanja. Muthanso kunena kuti ali ogwirizana ndi dzina lokha. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kholo lawo limakhala padziko lapansi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo ndipo amakhala ku Eurasia, ndipo zotsalira zakale za panda yaying'ono zapezeka m'malo ambiri kuyambira kum'mawa kwa China kupita kuzilumba za Britain. Asayansi akhala akukayikira kuti ndi banja liti lomwe lingaphatikizepo panda yaying'ono yofiira.
Adayesa kunena kuti panda:
- kupita ku bearish;
- kwa ma raccoons;
- achoka ngati banja losiyana.
Zizolowezi zonse komanso mawonekedwe anyamayi adadzetsa mikangano komanso kusagwirizana. Kumbali imodzi, panda wofiira amayenda ngati chimbalangondo, akuyenda pang'ono. Iye, monga phazi lamiyendo, amakhala ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndipo ali ndi kuwongolera kwabwino kwa miyendo yakutsogolo. Mbali inayi, mawonekedwe a nyama iyi amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe yamizeremizere. Ali ndi mafupa ofanana mu chigaza, nsagwada ndi mchira, ngakhale kuyesa kwa DNA kukuwonetsa ubale ndi zimbalangondo.
Chifukwa chake, atatha kuwunika konse, adasankha kuti aphatikizire panda yaying'ono m'mabanja osiyana, olekanitsidwa ndi ma raccoon, ngakhale akatswiri ambiri azanyama amaumirira kuti panda yofiira ndi ya ma raccoon okha. Panda wofiira wofiira ndi wa nyama zodya nyama za panda, suborder ndi psiform.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya panda zazing'ono:
- Panda panda Stayana, wokhala kumpoto kwa Myanmar ndi kumwera kwa China;
- panda wocheperako chakumadzulo, wokhala m'mapiri a Himalaya (Nepal ndi Bhutan).
Ma subspecies awiriwa ndi osiyana pang'ono mtundu ndi kukula kwake (woyamba ndi wakuda pang'ono komanso wokulirapo), ngakhale kusiyanaku kwamtunduwu sikungatchulidwe kofunikira, chifukwa pakati pa subspecies imodzi, mtundu wa panda zazing'ono utha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama yaying'ono yofiira ya panda
Maonekedwe a panda yaying'ono yofiira ndiyokongola kwambiri kotero kuti amafuna kuyisilira mobwerezabwereza. Kukula kwake ndikofanana ndi katsamba kodyetsedwa bwino kwambiri. Panda wocheperako amalemera makilogalamu 4 mpaka 6, kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati pa theka la mita mpaka 64 cm, osawerengera mchira wokongola, womwe umakhala wofanana mofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi ndikufika theka la mita. Zikuwoneka zosatheka kudziwa yemwe ali patsogolo panu: wamkazi kapena wamwamuna, ali ofanana. Thupi la panda laling'ono ndilolitali pang'ono, monga la banja la weasel.
Mutu ndi waukulu, wotambalala ndi tinkhungu tolunjika. Makutu a panda amafanana ndi amphaka. Maso a panda ndi ochepa komanso akuda. Mchira wolemera wamtchire umakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa kamvekedwe kakang'ono, ngayaye za mchira ndikuda.
Zala za "nkhandwe yamoto" ndizolimba, zazifupi, zamphamvu ndi zikhadabo zowoneka ngati mbewa zomwe zimathandiza kugonjetsa mitengo iliyonse. Pansi pa mapaziwo pali ubweya waubweya, womwe ndiwothandiza kwambiri poyenda pamaulendo oyenda chipale chofewa ndi ayezi. Kuphatikiza pa zala zisanu zachizolowezi, chachisanu ndi chimodzi chimakhala pawoko pang'ono, chimathandiza kugwira nthambi za nsungwi.
Mutha kusilira chovala chaubweya cha panda wofiira ndi utoto wake, ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri kwakuti simungathe kuchotsa maso anu! Chovala chanyama chimakhala chofewa, chopyapyala, cholimba komanso chachitali, kotero chiwonetserocho chikuwoneka chonenepa. Mtundu wa nyama ndi wachilendo kwambiri: kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiira kapena kofiira. Mimba ndi yofiirira yokhala ndi mitsempha yofiira kapena yakuda kwathunthu. Malekezero a tsitsi kumbuyo ndi achikaso, zikhomo za panda ndizosalala, zakuda, zowala ndi kunyezimira.
Mphuno ndi makutu zimawoneka mosiyana pamutu wofiira, chifukwa cha utoto woyera. Pafupi ndi maso pali china chake ngati chigoba, ngati raccoon. Nsonga ya mphuno ya panda ndi yakuda. Mchira wa panda yaying'ono ndiyofiyanso ndi mphete khumi ndi ziwiri za mtundu wopepuka.
Zikuwoneka, chifukwa chinyama chimafunikira mtundu wowala komanso wowoneka bwino? Yankho lake ndi losavuta - zonse ndi za komwe nyama imakhala. Nthawi zambiri, panda yofiira imakhala m'mitengo, yomwe imakutidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya ndere ndi ma moss ofiira ofiira, kotero m'malo oterewa mtundu wa panda sikuwoneka ngati wopatsa chidwi, koma, m'malo mwake, umamuthandiza kuti adzibise bwino.
Kodi panda wofiira amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Panda wofiira wofiira m'chipale chofewa
Malo okhala nyama zazing'ono zotchedwa panda panda ndi ochepa ndipo si ochuluka kwenikweni. Amakhala m'zigawo monga China monga Yunnan ndi Sichuan, Myanmar, Bhutan ndi Nepal, ndipo amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India. Dziko lakwawo la panda yaying'ono kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Himalaya, komwe nyama zimapitilira mapiri a 4 km.
Malo okhala makolo a panda anali otakata kwambiri; zotsalira zakale zidapezeka kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi ku North America.
Asayansi akuganiza kuti dera lokhalitsa ma pandas ang'onoang'ono latsika chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo komwe nyama zimadziwika. Amadziwika kuti amakonda kutentha pang'ono - kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 25 madigiri pamwamba pa zero.
Little Panda Red Panda imasangalala ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana. Mitengo yamipira, thundu, mabokosi ndi mapulo ndi mitengo yanthawi zonse yomwe imakula m'malo okhala nyama. Zomera zowuma zimatetezera gawo lotsika, lokhala ndi nsungwi, zomwe panda yofiira imakonda kwambiri. Chinyezi m'nkhalango zotere ndi champhamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndere ndi moss zimamveka bwino, zokutira mitengo ndi nthaka yamiyala.
M'nkhalango zoterezi, pandanda imakhala yodzikongoletsa, chifukwa moss ndi ndere zili ndi mtundu wofiira wofanana ndi mkanjo wake waubweya. Miphako yomwe ili mumitengoyi ndi pothawirapo ndi pogona. Kuchuluka kwa zinyama kumakhala kochepa. Pamalo a 2.4 sq. km, mutha kupeza munthu m'modzi yekha wa panda wofiira, nthawi zina woipitsitsa - nyama imodzi pa 11 sq. Km.
Kodi panda wofiira amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyama yaying'ono yofiira ya panda
Anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti ndichifukwa ninji panda yofiira imawerengedwa ngati yodya nyama ngati, makamaka, imadya chakudya chomera? Yankho lagona pamwamba. Zowononga zimawerengedwa monga otero osati chifukwa cha zakudya zawo zokha, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwawo komwe amakhala nako kudya ndi kudya nyama. Zikuphatikizapo: kupezeka kwa mano 38, intestine lalifupi, m'mimba yosavuta. Njira yotereyi imapezeka munyama zowononga, kuphatikizapo panda yofiira.
Zakudya zambiri za nyama zimakhala ndi masamba a nsungwi ndi mphukira zazing'ono, magawo asanu okha mwa magawo onse azinthuzo ndi zipatso zamasamba, masamba, zipatso, mazira a mbalame ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Pamlingo waukulu, panda imapeza zizolowezi zowononga pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira, ikasinthana ndi chakudya cha nyama, kugwira makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndikusaka tizilombo.
M'nyengo yotentha, nsungwi ndimakonda kwambiri. Mafuta ake ochepa amakhala ndi mavoliyumu ambiri, omwe amafika makilogalamu 4 patsiku - awa ndi mphukira zokha, ndiyofunika kuwonjezeranso theka la kilogalamu ya masamba kwa iwo.
Chifukwa chake, menyu yayikulu ya panda yaying'ono imaphatikizapo:
- nsungwi ndi nsungwi;
- udzu wachinyamata ndi ndere;
- zipatso zonse ndi mizu yonse;
- zipatso ndi zipatso;
- bowa.
Zinyama za panda yaying'ono zili ndi timabulu ting'onoting'ono, tomwe timathandiza kuthana ndi mphukira zolimba, ndikupera bwino. Zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuti nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizinadye nyama sizidya nkomwe, kuzikana popanda chilolezo. Ngakhale nkhuku zamoyo zimangophedwa ndi zolusa (ndipo ngakhale apo ayi nthawi zonse), koma sizidyedwa. Zitha kuwoneka zoseketsa kuti panda wofiira wolandidwa amakonda phala lophika lophika mkaka.
Nyama zikasowa chakudya, zochita zawo zimachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimawakhudza kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa izi, "nkhandwe zozimitsa moto" zaphunzira kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazokha, ndikusinthira njira zopulumutsa mphamvu pakafunika (nthawi zambiri nthawi yachisanu). Amatha kupindika mu mpira wolimba, wofanana ndi mpira wawukulu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Panda wofiira wochepa
Panda wofiira wofiira amakhala ndi moyo wobisika, wobisalira, pomwe zochitika zimawonetsedwa nthawi yakumadzulo, ndipo masana nyama imagona mdzenje lake kapena pamtengo. Panda yaying'ono ndimagona enieni omwe amagona pafupifupi maola 11 tsiku lililonse. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakhotakhota kukhala mpira, ndikuphimba mutu wawo ndi mchira wofewa, ngati bulangeti.
Zadziwika kuti nthawi zina ma pandas amagona atakhala pansi, ndipo mutu wawo umakhala pachifuwa pawo, potero ma raccoons nthawi zambiri amapuma. M'nyengo yotentha, panda imayandikira pa nthambi, ndikupachika miyendo yake pansi. Ikadzuka, nyamazo zimatambasula mokoma ndipo, monga amphaka, zimayamba kusamba ndi lilime lawo ndi mawoko. Kenako kumbuyo ndi pamimba zimakanda pozipaka pamtengo. Panda imabwereza njira zonsezi mukatha kudya.
Ngati pakati pa mitengoyo panda akuyendetsa bwino thupi lake ndikusuntha mwachangu komanso mokoma, ndiye pansi zimawoneka ngati zosasangalatsa komanso zosatetezeka. Panda imakwera kuchoka panthambi kupita kunthambi popanda vuto lililonse komanso kuzengereza, mchira waukulu umagwira moyenera. Ngati zingawopseze, panda ikufuna kubisala pamutu wa mitengo. Komabe, iye nthawi zonse amayenera kuponda pansi kufunafuna chakudya, chomwe amatenga mosangalatsa ndi chikhomo chake chakutsogolo ndikutumiza pakamwa pake.
Amatha kudya atakhala, atagona, ndikuyimirira. Mukawopsezedwa, mutha kumva mtundu wina wa kuwomba, nthawi zina likhweru, lomwe panda limapanga. Iye, monga mphaka, amamuweramira kumbuyo kuti awopsyeze mdani. Mwambiri, iyi ndi nyama yamtendere, yosasunthika, chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kuweta. Ngati palibe choopsa chomwe chimawonekeratu patali, pandanda amatha kulira ngati mbalame, ndikulira kwakanthawi.
Nyama zazing'ono zimakonda kukhala zokha, zimangokhala nthawi yokwanira. Kwa akazi, malowa amafika pa 2,5 mita mita. km, mwa amuna - mpaka 5 sq. Km. Malire a malo aliwonse amadziwika ndi zonunkhira zomwe zimasiya zikopa za nyama ndi matumbo ake. Zinyalala ndi mkodzo zimagwiranso ntchito monga zizindikiro zomwe ma pandas, osawonana, amatha kumvetsetsa zaka, jenda, komanso thupi la mnansi wawo.
Ngakhale kuti ma pandas ang'ono amakhala okha (m'modzi pa nthawi), amakhalabe ovuta komanso osangalatsa, amakhala osangalala. Izi zitha kuwonedwa m'masewera omwe ana akuluakulu amasewera wina ndi mnzake. Amasefukira michira yawo m'njira yosangalatsa, amanyamuka ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akumenya motsutsana naye, akumuluma pang'ono, koma osabweretsa ululu komanso kusasangalala.
Chithunzi chomwecho chitha kuwonedwa pakati pa nyama zazikulu zomwe zimasungidwa limodzi mu ukapolo. Panda wofiira wosawopa sachita mantha ndi bambo wamwamuna, amamugwiranso mwamphamvu, kumulowerera pamasewera ake.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wofiira wa panda wofiira
Panda yaying'ono amawerengedwa kuti ndi okhwima pakadutsa zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Nthawi yokhwima ya nyama zosangalatsa izi imayamba mu Januware. Nthawi imeneyi ikuphatikizidwa ndi kukopana kosangalatsa ndi chibwenzi. Amuna amasiya zipsera paliponse, ndipo akazi amawonetsa kuti ali okonzekera umuna.
Gawo logwira ntchito mwa akazi limangokhala tsiku limodzi, chifukwa chake nyamazi zilibe nthawi yocheza. Ngakhale zili choncho kuti panda yodziwika bwino pandale imakhala yamanyazi kwambiri komanso siyolumikizana, nthawi yokomera imamva bwino ikakhala ndi chibwenzi. Nthawi zambiri, panthawiyi, ma pandas amapanga mawu amitundu yonse omwe amakopa amuna kapena akazi anzawo: amaliza mluzu, mluzu, mluzu, akugwedeza misana yawo mosangalatsa.
Nthawi yobereka imatenga masiku 114 mpaka 145, koma mazirawo samayamba kukula ndikupitilira masiku 50. Amayi amtsogolo nawonso amayamba kukonzekera kuwoneka kwa ana, yamwamuna imachoka nthawi yomweyo masewera atakwatirana. Akazi amayang'ana kabowo koyenera, ndikuikakira ndi masamba, nthambi ndi udzu. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 makanda amabadwa, omwe amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 100, sawona chilichonse ndipo alibe chochita. Ubweya wa anawo ndi wotuwa pang'ono.
Achichepere amakhala ndi nyengo yakukula pang'onopang'ono. Patsiku la 21 okha ndi pomwe amawona, ndipo ali ndi miyezi itatu amachoka kwawo koyamba, ndikupita kokayenda usiku. Amayi panda nthawi zonse amawanyambita, potero amawalemba. Sabata yoyamba ya moyo wake sawasiya, kenako amapita kukasaka chakudya, amabwera panthawi yodyetsa ana. Panda wofiira amasamalira ana ndi mkaka kwa miyezi isanu, kenako amayamba kuyamwa kuyamwa.
Anawa amakonda kwambiri amayi awo, ndipo sadziwa abambo awo nkomwe. Amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, kenako amusiya, ndipo amayamba kukonzekera kukwerana kenako, kukhala wokwiya kwambiri panthawiyi.
Atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, ma pandas achichepere samakhala ochepera kukula kwa akulu, ndipo amakhala okhwima pambuyo pake (pafupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka kenako).
Adani achilengedwe a pandas zazing'ono zofiira
Chithunzi: Panda wofiira wochepa
Mwachilengedwe, panda yofiira yaying'ono ilibe adani ambiri. Sizovuta kugwira, ndipo nyama ndiyosowa. Panda wofiira ayenera kuchenjera ndi akambuku a chisanu (irbis) ndi mimbulu yofiira. Martens amathanso kubweretsa ngozi. Mwayi woukiridwa umachepetsedwa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa panda yaying'ono ndi kambuku wa chisanu.
Panda amathawa nyama zolusa zikuluzikulu m'mitengo, yomwe imakwera modabwitsa kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Ngati sizinayende mwachangu, pansi panda imatha kukwera mpaka miyendo yake yakumbuyo, kapena kupindika mu arc kuti iopseze mdani. Kuphatikiza apo, imatulutsa kununkhira kwapadera kwa musky. Ena amati pakakhala ngozi yayikulu, panda imayimba modandaula, ngakhale izi sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Gwero lalikulu lakuopsa kwa ma pandas ofiira ndi munthu yemwe amadula nkhalango ndikuchita zachiwembu, kuwononga anthu ochepa omwe ali kale nyama zodabwitsa izi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Phukusi lofiira lofiira lofiira
Panda yaying'ono yofiira yatchulidwa mu International Red Book, anthu ake ali pangozi. Kwa zaka 18, yatsala pang'ono kutha, zomwe ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Asayansi akulosera kuti chiweto china chidzatsikanso.
Chokhumudwitsa chotere sichingachitike chifukwa chakuti ana ang'onoang'ono a panda amabadwa (nthawi zambiri m'modzi, kawirikawiri awiri, kawirikawiri atatu kapena anayi), komanso chifukwa cha nkhalango yowononga nkhalango komanso kusaka kosaloledwa. Ku India, kusaka nyama zosowa sikuletsedwa konse. Ku China, zipewa ndi zovala zina zimasokedwa kuchokera ku ubweya wapamwamba wa panda yaying'ono. Ngakhale nyama ya panda idyedwa, kuthetseratu kununkhira kwake.
Kusunga mapanga ang'ono ofiira
Chithunzi: Panda wofiira wochepa kuchokera ku Red Book
M'nyumba zolemera, panda yofiira imabadwa ngati chiweto chogulidwa kwa osaka nyama. Tsoka ilo, kusunga chiweto chotere ndi kovuta kwambiri, kumafuna chakudya chapadera, ndiye kuti panda yofiira imamwalira kunyumba.
Nthawi yotonthoza m'malo ovuta otere ndi yakuti panda yofiira imazolowera kukhala malo osungira nyama, komwe imaswananso. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, pafupifupi nyama zofiira 350 zimakhala m'minda yosungira nyama ndi malo osungira nyama, ndipo anthu omwewo adabadwa. Anthu ayenera kulingalira za zochitika zawo zovulaza nyama ndikuyamba kutsitsimutsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zokongolazi.
Kukongola kodabwitsa panda wofiira adapambana mitima yambiri ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhudza ndikumwetulira. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ichi sichoseweretsa konse, ndipo tiyenera kuchitira nyamayo mwaulemu komanso mosamala kuti imve kukhala yotetezeka, ndipo manambala ake amayamba kukulira osati ukapolo wokha, komanso kuthengo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 13.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 12:04
