Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'madambo, momwe amafotokozera komanso mawonekedwe ake
Kwa nthawi yayitali, madambo apangitsa anthu kukhala ndi nkhawa yosamveka bwino, ngakhale mantha amanjenjemera, pang'ono mofananira ndi zamatsenga. Ndipo izi ndizosavuta kufotokoza, chifukwa malo ngati amenewa nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati malo owopsa komanso owopsa pazifukwa.
Pali madera okwanira padziko lapansi omwe anthu sangathe kufikako, pomwe pali zotupa ndi zikuni zosadutsika, zobisika kwa diso ndi udzu kuchokera kudiso loyang'anitsitsa, kuti ngati woyenda wosochera, mwa chifuniro cha tsogolo, atha kukhala mwangozi mwadzidzidzi, quagmire yonyenga imamukoka mpaka pansi.
Pali madambo ambiri ku Belarus ndi Ukraine. Kudera la Europe la Russia, madambwe ambiri ali m'chigawo chapakati ndi kumpoto. Dera lodziwika bwino la iwo ndi Moscow. Madera ofananawa akupezeka kumadzulo kwa Siberia, komanso ku Kamchatka.
Malinga ndi lingaliro la sayansi, malo owoneka bwino ndi malo opezeka ndi malo omwe madzi oyenda kapena oyimirira omwe akutuluka m'matumbo a dziko lapansi amapanga chinyezi chochuluka, chomwe chimakhudza nthaka.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi moorhen
Chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso nyengo yamderali, madambo amadziunjikira mvula yam'mlengalenga ndikuyamwa madzi apansi panthaka. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo okhala nthenga za dziko lapansi m'magawo ngati awa, ndipo mbalame zam'madzi atasinthidwa mwangwiro kukhala m'malo achilendo, osayenera kwambiri anthu.
Zovuta
Madambo samangowopsa, koma adakopa ndikukopa anthu ndi chinsinsi chawo chosathe. Mwachitsanzo, anthu akale amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti madambo ndi malo okhala mizimu yambiri yoipa komanso mizimu yoyipa.
Kupanga nthano ndi nthano zidathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mawu omwe adasindikizidwa mbalame, okhala m'zithaphwi... Chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zodabwitsa zam nthenga izi ndi bittern. Nthawi zambiri kuyimba kwake mwakachetechete kumasiyanitsidwa bwino madzulo kapena usiku.
Nthawi zambiri, makamaka munthawi yakumasirana, nyimbo zapaderazi zimafanana ndi phokoso lalifupi kwambiri; nthawi zina mbalameyo imatulutsa mkokomo, womwe umatchedwa ng'ombe yamphongo kapena wopusa.
Zolengedwa zodabwitsazi, zomwe zikuyimira banja la heron, zimakhala pafupi madambo ndi nyanja, mbalame amatha kusungunuka m'mitengo ya bango, kutambasula mutu ndi khosi kukhala mzere munthu akafika, pomwe amafanana ndi magulu a udzu. Nthawi ngati izi, ndizosatheka kuzizindikira, ngakhale kuziyang'ana pafupi.
Kunja, zolengedwa zazing'onozi sizowoneka bwino, zamfupa komanso zosawoneka bwino, zomwe ndi chizindikiro chonyansa pakati pa anthu ambiri. Maonekedwe awo amakhala owopsa ngakhale mbalame, mantha, kutambasula mapiko awo opindika, kutambasula makosi awo patsogolo, kuti ngakhale olusa amachita manyazi ndi chowopsya choterocho.
Osati kwathunthu popanda chifukwa, chifukwa mwachilengedwe bittern ndi cholengedwa choyipa kwambiri, ndipo sizingakhale zabwino kwa mdani ngati, podziteteza, aganiza zomumenya ndi mlomo wakuthwa.
Anapiye akuthwa owoneka ngati gogg, otulutsa mawu akulira, kugundana ndi mkokomo, ndizovuta kwambiri, zamfupa komanso zoyipa. Mitundu ya mbalamezi ndizokulirapo, ikufalikira ku Europe ndikupitilira, mpaka ku Sakhalin Island.
Mbalame yowawitsa
Snipe
Phokoso losazolowereka, lofanana ndi kulira kwa mwanawankhosa, limapangidwa ndi mbalame yolusa, yomwe imapezeka pagombe lamadzi. Komanso, gwero lake ndi nthenga za mchira zomwe zimanjenjemera pamene zikuuluka mopanikizika ndi mpweya.
Pakati pa nyengo yakumasirana, yaimuna, yomwe imakwera m'mwamba, imamira pansi kwambiri, chomwe ndi chifukwa chake. Ulendo wa izi mbalame yolira kuchokera kuchithaphwi imayamba ndikung'ung'udza.
Pambuyo pake, mbalamezi zimayenda mlengalenga mozungulira kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto osakaikira osaka omwe akufuna kugunda chandamale choterocho. Maonekedwe a mbalame yaying'onoyi ndi yoposa yachilendo, ndipo imasiyanitsidwa makamaka ndi mlomo wake wautali, wa masentimita asanu, ngakhale nyama zoterezi zimangofanana ndi nkhuku, ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 150 g.
Mtundu wa zolengedwa zamiyendo yopyapyala umasiyana ndi kusiyanasiyana kowala ndipo umadzaza ndi mitundu ya bulauni, yoyera ndi yakuda. Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala ku Russia, pafupifupi m'chigawo chake chonse, kupatula, ku Kamchatka ndi zigawo zakumpoto, koma nthawi yozizira zimapita kumayiko otentha.
Kuwombera mbalame
Wokonda
Malo okongolawa sadziwika konse chifukwa cha kulemera kwa maluwa. Madera amenewa, monga lamulo, amadzaza ndi ma moss ambiri, omwe pamodzi ndi ndere amakula madambo. Mbalame, Kukhazikika pamapampu a moss, nthawi zambiri amakhala wopondereza. Nthawi zambiri amakonza malo oti anapiye amtsogolo azikhalapo pansi m'mayenje ang'onoang'ono, okutira zisa zawo ndikutuluka.
Plover amabisa chisa chake kuti asayang'ane maso mwaluso kwambiri, kuti igwirizane bwino ndi malo ozungulira. Mbalamezi, zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi, zili ndi nthenga zanzeru, zofiirira.
Amakhala ndi milomo yayifupi, amatulutsa malikhweru, zimauluka bwino komanso amathamanga mwachangu, patali pang'ono ndi miyendo yaying'ono. Amakhala chilimwe kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Asia, ndipo nthawi yozizira amapita kumwera kukafuna kutentha.
Ma Plovers amaimira gulu la mbalame zam'madzi, iliyonse yamphiko yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe ake mosiyanasiyana komanso moyo wawo. Ena mwa iwo, kuphatikiza ali mbalame, akukhala mchithaphwi.
Mbalame yam'madzi
Msuzi wamphepete
Mbalameyi ili ngati kukula kwa nkhunda, koma imawoneka ikulu chifukwa cha khosi lake lalitali, mlomo ndi miyendo. Zilombozi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zobiriwira zachikaso.
Amafika madambo akumpoto kuchokera kuchisanu m'nyengo yachilimwe, kubwerera chaka chilichonse kumalo omwewo, omwe amatha kusintha chifukwa chouma pamalopo ndi zina zazikulu.
Kusamalira kwambiri anapiye, mwachilengedwe omwe amaponyedwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufa kwa ana, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto kwa makolo. Mwamuna wamanjenje, kuyesera kuwopseza alendo osafunikira kuchokera pachisa, akupereka komwe amakhala.
Mbalame ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa alenje chifukwa cha nyama yawo yokoma, yofewa, yomwe yawononga mbadwo wonse wa mbalame zoterezi.
Mu chithunzicho pali chosanja cham'madzi
Bakha wam'madzi
Madambo, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi oyenera kukhalamo nthumwi zambiri zaufumu wamiyendo, omwe amakhala omasuka m'malo omwe afotokozedwayo, atasankha malo oterowo kalekale (pa zithunzi za mbalame zam'madzi ndizotheka kutsimikizira izi).
Ngakhale chilengedwe, malo ozungulira, makamaka zomera, ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. M'nkhalango pang'onopang'ono mumakhala mathithi, monga lamulo, zimawonongeka, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya mitengo imalowedwa m'malo ndi okonda chinyezi.
Zowona, m'malo ngati awa, mitengo yazipatso yaying'ono imazika ndikufalikira bwino, mitundu ina ya birches, ma spruces ndi misondodzi imakula. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwamadzi m'deralo, pamamera mitundu yake yazomera.
Sedge ndi bango zimakula m'matope otsika. Madambo amadziwikanso chifukwa chakupezeka kwamtengo wapatali, mavitamini olemera, zipatso: mabulosi abulu, cranberries, cloudberries ndi ena. Mbalame zambiri zimadyetsa, komanso zimayambira madzi. Zina mwa izo ndi abakha achilengedwe - chinyanja cham'madzi.
Mbalame zoterezi, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ku Northern Hemisphere, zimakhala ndi thupi lokwanira, lokhala ndi mphalaphala ndipo zimadziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi zotupa pamapazi awo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuyenda bwino bwino pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, zikuthamanga pamadzi, abakha amaphathika mapiko awo mwaphokoso. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi, zolengedwa izi zimatsuka nthenga.
Bakha wam'madzi
Kadzidzi wamfupi
Mbalame yotereyi sichidana kudya zipatso zatsopano, koma imakonda kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono usiku: mbewa, ma voles, ma hamster ndi ma jerboas.
Pofunafuna nyama yake, kadzidzi amauluka pamwamba pamtunda, ndipo atasankha nyama yake, amathamangira pansi ndikuinyamula mu zikhadabo zake zolimba. Iyi ndi mbalame yangokhala chete, koma imathanso kudzaza chete ndi mawu achilendo.
Ndi mbalame yotani m'madambo kukuwa, kukuwa ndi kukuwa? Kadzidzi amachita izi, kuteteza chisa chake. Pakati pa nthawi yokwatirana, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amayimba limodzi. Oyendetsa mahatchi amatulutsa phokoso losasangalatsa, ndipo akazi amawayimba ndi kulira kwapadera.
Mbalame zoterezi sizimapezeka m'malo a ku Europe kokha, komanso ku America. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala kochepera theka la mita, nthenga zake zimakhala zachikasu, ndipo mlomowo ndi wakuda. Mbalamezi zimafalikira kudera lalikulu, ndizochuluka kwambiri ndipo sizikusowa chitetezo.
Mbalame ya kadzidzi yafupi
Partridge
Nyama yamitengoyi, yomwe imakhazikika kumpoto, pakati pamiyala yaying'ono, misondodzi ndi zipatso zam'madzi, imangokonda zipatso zam'madzi. Partridge yoyera ndi mbalame yosalimba yokhala ndi mutu ndi maso ang'ono; mlomo wokutidwa ndi nthenga ndi miyendo yaifupi.
M'nyengo yotentha, mabala ofiira achikaso ndi achikasu amawonekera pamapiko ake oyera kwambiri ngati chipale chofewa, ndipo nsidze za mbalamezo zimakhala ndi utoto wowala wonyezimira. Ndikulemera mpaka 700 g, ptarmigan imakopa osaka ndi nyama yake yathanzi.
Mu chithunzicho ptarmigan
Heron
Asayansi, popanda chifukwa, amaganiza kuti malo odyetserako zothandiza kwambiri, amawatcha "mapapu" apadziko lapansi. Amachepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga ndikuletsa kutentha kwa dziko, kumachita gawo lofunikira pazachilengedwe, kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga mitsinje.
Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe microclimate ena m'malo madambo. Mwachitsanzo, oyenera kukhala mfumukazi madambo ndi madamu, mbalame Mbawala, imakhazikika bwino m'malo oterewa, sichimangochitika mwangozi.
Kupatula apo, nkhalango zamabango, zitsamba ndi tchire zimakhala zodzibisa ndikuziteteza kwa adani. Kuphatikiza apo, madambo amakhala odzaza achule, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chakudya cha mbalame zomwe zimakonda chakudya chokoma ichi, komanso nsomba, zimapatsidwa nthawi zonse.
Mphalapala amatha kutchedwa mbalame yokongola, ngati si chifukwa cha mayendedwe okhazikika ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino momwe amaundana. Koma m'madambo, chisomo sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, koma mumkhalidwe wotere nyama izi zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi mfundo yoluka, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri pakuwona chitetezo.
Ma heron amayenda mwachangu pamadzi pa miyendo yawo yayitali, ndikumva bwino m'mabedi. Zowona, mamvekedwe omwe amapanga, ofanana ndi kufuula kapena kubangula kwa wina, si nyimbo ayi.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame yam'mudzi
Dokowe
Mbalame zambiri zoyenda zili ndi zinthu zingapo: khosi lalitali ndi miyendo, ndi mlomo waukulu. Makhalidwe otere amathandiza matupi awo kuti asanyowe m'malo amadambo, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala pamwamba pamtunda. Mlomo wautali umatha kupereka chakudya choyenera.
Ndi za mbalame zamtundu uwu zomwe mbalamezi zimakhala - mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili ndi mapiko akuluakulu omwe amatambasula makosi awo patsogolo. Afalikira padziko lonse lapansi, amapezeka m'maiko otentha komanso ozizira.
Mu chithunzi stork
Grane Kireni
Mbalamezi zimakhutiranso ndi moyo wam'madambo, ndipo ma cranes amtundu amatha kukhala m'malo awo akuthwa. Kukhazikika m'malo ngati amenewa, mbalame zimayesetsa kudziteteza ku chitukuko chomwe chikuyenda paliponse.
Ndipo madambo osalolera amabisa mbalame m'maso mwa anthu. Cranes, monga mungaganizire kuchokera pa dzinalo, ali ndi nthenga zakuda, koma nthenga zokha ndi zakuda. Kukula kwa mbalame ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo anthu ena amafika kutalika kwa mita ziwiri.
Cranes ndizosangalatsa pamavina awo. Magule amwambo amaperekedwa, awiriawiri kapena m'magulu, ndipo mwapadera, omwe amachitika nthawi yokomera. Kusuntha koteroko kumawonetsedwa polumpha ndi kukupiza mapiko, kuthamanga mozungulira komanso mozungulira, komanso poyenda moyenera ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira.
Grane Kireni
Teterev
Nthawi zina, madambo amayendera ndi nthumwi za banja la pheasant: grouse yakuda ndi capercaillie, yoyendetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chokomera zipatso zokoma zomwe zikukula mderali.
Kwa alenje apakati pa Russia, mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimakhala nyama zodziwika kwambiri. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya mbalame ndi yofanana, koma kwa munthu wodziwa zambiri sizovuta kuzisiyanitsa.
Kulemera kwa thupi kwa grouse wakuda ndikoposa kilogalamu. Nthenga za mbalame zotere zimakhala zamdima kwambiri zokhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso mawanga oyera pamapiko. Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mchira wofanana ndi zeze.
Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'minda ya birch ndi madera a nkhalango, odzaza ndi tchire, omwe ali m'zigwa mitsinje ndi madambo, mbalame ngati amakhala m'nkhalango, siowopsa kwambiri. Mbalame sizimakonda maulendo ataliatali, koma ngati kuli kofunikira kapena pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya, zimatha kuyenda pafupifupi makilomita 10 mlengalenga.
Mbalame yakuda yakuda (yaikazi)
Wood grouse
Mbalame yayikulu kutalika kwa mita imodzi, yolemera pafupifupi 5 kg, yokhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi nthenga ndi chifuwa cha buluu chobiriwira, komanso mchira wozungulira. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango pafupi ndi madambo, komwe samangodya zipatso zokha, komanso singano.
Ma grouse, olemera pakukwera, amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, amangogona m'mitengo. Sadziwa momwe angawulutsire, osaposa mita khumi kupyola mlengalenga.
Pachithunzicho ndi mbalame capercaillie
Parrot wabuluu wachikaso wachikaso
Madambo ambiri amapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, koma amakhalanso mbali ina ya dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, padziko lonse lapansi, malo akuluakulu oterewa ndi ozungulira Mtsinje wa Amazon.
Mbalame zambiri zimakhala pamenepo, imodzi mwamawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri ndi parrot wabuluu wachikasu, wotchedwa mbalame zam'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mtsinje waukuluwu ndi waukulu. Mbalame zachilendozi zimauluka bwino kwambiri, ndipo nthenga zawo zokongola zimawapangitsa kukhala osawonekera patali ndi zomera zowala za m'deralo.
Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimakhala zakutchire zokhudza anthu ndipo zimakhala m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe amasonkhana nthawi yamadzulo ikafika usiku. Ndipo m'mawa, pitani kukafunafuna chakudya, mofuula kwambiri mozungulira oyandikana nawo.
Parrot wabuluu ndi wachikaso macaw
Flamingo
Mbalame yotere nthawi zambiri imamanga zisa m'madambo amchere m'mbali mwa nyanja. Kulemera kwa zolengedwa zokongolazi zokongola zomwe zimakhala ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia nthawi zambiri zimafika 4 kg. Ma flamingo ofiira amakhala ndi khosi ndi miyendo yaitali, ndipo amakhala ndi nthenga za pinki zowala. Ngakhale ndizabwino, zolengedwa izi ndizolemetsa kuzinyamula.
Amathawa monyinyirika komanso pokhapokha ngati ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Amathawa kwanthawi yayitali, koma pakuuluka ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi thambo lamtambo lamtambo.
Flamingo pachithunzichi
Marsh harrier
Ma loony amakonda madambo, komanso malo okhala zinyama zam'madzi. Pamaso pa munthu yemwe akuyesera kulingalira malo okhala zotchinga, malo achinyontho ndi zitsamba zamabango amakoka nthawi yomweyo.
Pachithunzicho, chotchinga
M'busa
Mnyamata m'busa, kapena momwe amatchulidwira, mbusa wamadzi, ndi mbalame yaying'ono yamadzi ya m'busa yemwe amakhala makamaka m'madambo komanso pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Ikuphatikizidwa mu Red Data Books za m'maiko ena chifukwa cha anthu ochepa kwambiri m'magawo awa.
Mbusa wamadzi mbalame
Wankhondo
Madambo okhala ndi madzi osayenda kapena otumphuka, nkhalango zowuma ndi malo abwino oti mbalame zankhanira zikhazikike. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu, chibwenzi naye mchipululu ndichoperewera.
Pachithunzicho mbalame yotchedwa warbler
