Mzati, monga chinthu chosaka malonda, unadziwika ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 19 zokha. Kuperewera kwa ubweya wamtengo wapatali kudapangitsa izi. Amalonda adataya zikopazo ndikuzigulitsa ku China potengera sable.
Mitengo yotsika yotsika, kusavala bwino kwa ubweya kunapangitsa kuti okamba anataya mtengo wake wakale wamalonda. Anthu omwe agwidwa mumisampha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsanzira ubweya wabwino, ndipo michira ya nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maburashi apamwamba kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Gawo lazakudya zamtchire la a marten ndilochepera (kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pakamwa mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira ndikopitilira theka la mita) ndipo sikulemera kupitirira 800 g. Mizati pachithunzichi - chinyama chokongola chokhala ndi matupi owundana okhala ndi makutu amfupi ozungulira.
Mtundu wofiira wa Column ya Siberia, womwe umakhala wolimba kwambiri kumchira, umakhala wopepuka m'nyengo yozizira. Pa miyendo yayifupi, zingwe zazing'ono zimawoneka. Chovala chakuda chimayang'ana pankhope, ndi malire oyera mozungulira milomo ndi pachibwano.
Pofika koyambirira kwa Novembala, nthawi yophukira ikatha, ubweya wa nyamawo umakhala wandiweyani, ndipo mchira, womwe umakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake, ndiwofewa. Kusintha kwa ubweya wachisanu mpaka nthawi yachilimwe kumayamba mu Marichi ndipo kumatha mpaka Ogasiti. Mchira ndiye womaliza kukhetsedwa.
Mu chovala choyera cha chilimwe chinyama zokuzira mawu flaunts osati motalika. Kale mu Seputembala, nthawi yophukira imabwera, yomwe imachedwa. Ubweya umagwera m'magulu, ndikupanga zigamba zammbali m'mbali, kumbuyo. Phokoso lopangidwa ndi ma weasel likuwomba mluzu, kulira, kutsinya.
Mitundu
Kuphatikiza pa kufalikira ku Siberia, akatswiri azanyama amasiyanitsa ena mitundu ya mzati... Chijapani, dzina lachiwiri ndi itatsi, adabweretsedwapo. Sakhalin kuyambira pafupifupi. Hokkaido. Oimira ake ali ndi thupi lowonda, lopapatiza. M'nyengo yozizira, mchira umaposa mink mokongola.
Kujambula, monga ofiira a ku Siberia, koma ndi mithunzi yolemera - pichesi, pabuka-bulauni, lalanje. Ngati mzati wa ku Siberia ali ndi mimba malankhulidwe angapo opepuka kuposa kumbuyo, ndiye kuti waku Japan ndi wamdima. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe azakugonana. Akazi amalemera theka lokwanira. Ndi kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna 38 cm, kutalika kwa mkazi sikupitilira 30 cm.
Itatsi amakhala kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi kumtunda kwa akasupe osazizira kwambiri, zigwa za mitsinje. Nyengo yoipa idalepheretsa kupita kumadera akumpoto. Ziwetozi zatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusaka, sable ndi mink. Tsopano chiwerengero cha nyama sichiposa anthu mazana atatu.
Asayansi sakugwirizanabe pazolemba zaku Japan. Ena amaganiza kuti itatsi ndi mtundu wosiyana, pomwe ena amawakonda.
Gawo lakummawa kwenikweni, wokhala kumtunda, amasiyana ndi tizilomboti ku Siberia komwe kumakhala. Mzere wogawanitsa midzi yawo umadutsa Zeya. Ponena za ma morphological, mitundu ya Far East ndi yayikulu komanso yowala.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Column ndi nyama yaku Asia. Amapezeka kuzilumba za Japan, Korea, China. Ku Russia, amakhala pachilumba, nkhalango zotakata kapena zosakanikirana, minda ya oak kumwera kwa Far East ndi Siberia mpaka kumapiri a Ural.
Chofunikira pakukhalamo kwa danga ndikupezeka kwa posungira. Amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nkhalango zowirira, kapena kunja kwa madambo obisika ndi zomera zam'madzi. Zimapezeka m'nkhalango pamapiri otsetsereka. Imakwera mpaka kutalika kwa 1.8 zikilomita zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakonda nkhalango ndi mitengo yakale yakale yambiri.
Column amakhala Komanso pafupi ndi malo omwe amakopa chakudya (makoswe, mbewa). Kunyas amakhala otentha madzulo komanso usiku, koma izi sizinafotokozeredwe bwino. Nthawi zambiri chinyama chimapita kukasaka masana nthawi yotentha komanso chisanu.
Mosiyana ndi mphanga, yomwe ikuyembekezera nyama, weasel waku Siberia amayenda mozungulira gawo lake, akuyang'ana pansi pamtengo wakufa, ndikuyang'ana maenje. Imatha kukumba ndikulowerera mu mphasa yadothi. Wosambira wabwino kwambiri, kolokin amapeza chakudya m'matupi amadzi.
Mwa olankhula za weasel, omwe ndi azachuma kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri komanso mosasamala kuposa momwe ena amapangira makeke azakudya m'mapanga kapena amangobisa nyama m'chipale chofewa. Pakutuluka kamodzi pogona, mzatiwo umathamanga makilomita asanu ndi atatu kufunafuna nyama.
Ngati ali ndi mwayi wokwanira nyama yayikulu, amabwerera kunyumba, ndipo satuluka tsiku lomwelo. Pansi pa pogona, chipmunk burrows, mabowo omwe amakhala otsika pansi, malo pakati pa mizu yovunda, milu ya nthambi zowuma amasinthidwa.
M'miyezi yotentha, marten amakhala wokangalika. Zipilala m'nyengo yozizira mu chisanu kapena mvula yamkuntho, sichisiya pogona pake masiku angapo. Ku Sakhalin, Itatsi yambiri yapezeka kuti ili mnyumba imodzi. Anthu aku Siberia amakhulupirira kuti marten amabisala nthawi yozizira kwambiri. Koma asayansi amafotokoza zakusakhalako chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri nyama zimasaka pansi pa chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake sizowoneka.
Nyama zimakhala zopindika komanso kupezeka paliponse nthawi yakugwa, pomwe malire amalo atsopanowa amatsimikizika nyama zazing'ono zikamatuluka komanso mu Okutobala nyengo isanakwane. Kolonok ndi nyama yongokhala, malo, koma kuphatikana ndi tsambalo kumatengera dera lokhazikika.
Ofufuza apeza kuti anthu ena amakhala m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo, pomwe ena amayenda maulendo ataliatali nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira, mosasamala kanthu za chakudya.
Amayi amakonda kwambiri gawo lawo, ocheperako kuposa amuna. Kukula kwa tsambali kumasiyana mahekitala asanu ndi atatu mpaka ma kilomita asanu. Ndi malo okhala kwambiri, nyama sizimalemekeza malire, kutsekereza malo osaka oyandikana nawo. Nyama iliyonse ilibe gawo lawo konse. Akasakira chakudya, amatenga makilomita 15-20 ndikudikirira kuti mwana wawo wamwamuna adzakhale pamalo ake.
Kusuntha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwawonedwa m'mapiri. M'nyengo yachilimwe-chilimwe, nyama zimakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana m'malo otsetsereka, ndipo pafupi ndi dzinja zimatsikira kumapiri amitsinje. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale amafotokoza mayendedwe am'madambowo ndi kusefukira kwamadzi pachaka, kusefukira kwa gombe chilimwe.
M'madera otseguka, m'matawuni, ma martens amawoneka pakachepetsa kwambiri chakudya kapena chipale chofewa chambiri chagwa, kutumphuka kwakuda kwakuda kwapangidwa. Mzindawu ndi wosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ma mustelid ena ndi zotsalira.
M'chilimwe, chinyama sichidumpha, koma chimayenda. Chosiyana kwambiri ndi njirazi ndikuti nkhono yayikazi imayikidwa kutsogolo kutsogolo. M'nyengo yozizira, amapanga kudumpha yunifolomu, mtunda wapakati pakati pa theka la mita.
Nkhandwe, nkhandwe, mphanga, mink, lynx ndi adani enieni achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa zinyama, ziwombankhanga zazikulu, akadzidzi, ndi akhwangwala amasaka nyama. Ankhandwe ndi masabulo amawononga ndalama zambiri. M'madamu, mzati wopikisanowu amapikisana ndi mink, kulowa nawo nkhondo yosagwirizana nawo. Milandu yakufa kwa nyama zosambira kutsidya lina la mtsinje chifukwa cha ziwombankhanga, taimen ndi pike zadziwika.
Nthawi zambiri kolinka amadya zotsalira zamasewera omwe nyama zina zodya nyama zimadya. Kuphatikiza pakupikisana ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya makoswe, ma weasel, ermines, njoka, iye ndi kachilombo. Zowona kuti ma sables amawukira ndikuwathamangitsa oyankhula kuchokera kumadera omwe akukhalamo amawawona ngati akatswiri azachilengedwe ngati chinthu chachilengedwe. Ma Sable amabwerera kumalo awo, okhala atakhala mokakamizidwa ndi alendo.
Wokamba nkhani amazolowera moyo wamndende, koma amafunikira chidwi chochuluka komanso kuleza mtima. Amakonda kulowa m'ming'alu iliyonse, kukwera makatani m'makona, amatha kumenyetsa miyendo ya makabati. Chifukwa chake, chinyama chimasungidwa mu khola, ndikuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo amayang'aniridwa. Kukhala m'nyumba ndikusinthiratu nyama. Chokuzira mawu chimazolowera momwe amathandizira.
Chakudya chimagulidwa m'sitolo ya ziweto, komwe samangopatsa mbewa zokha, komanso chakudya chapadera cha ma ferrets. Nyama imakonda madzi, chifukwa chake madziwo amayenera kukhala okwanira mokwanira komanso kupezeka usana ndi usiku.
Tidzakhala othokoza ngati mutapereka mwayi wosambira. Oyankhula amatha kuzolowera thireyi mosavuta. Ndikukhala kwakanthawi, amayamba kucheza ndi abale. Amakhala okonda, amakonda kukwapula.
Zakudya zabwino
M'dera lililonse lomwe mizati imakhazikika, maziko azakudya ndi:
- makoswe amadzi;
- mbewa;
- ziphuphu;
- mapuloteni;
- mbalame za odutsa ndi nkhuku;
- achule;
- zotsalira za nyama zolusa zina.
Ku Primorye, Priamurye, pachilumbachi, ma kolinsky amadya zokolola nsomba mosangalala. M'madera ena, nsomba zimadyedwa m'malo mosiyana ndi makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Pikas amadya ku Transbaikalia. Kusaka muskrat kuli ponseponse m'chigawo cha nkhalango.
Olankhula ku Yakut amasiyana ndi abale awo chifukwa amawononga hares. M'malo ophera nsomba, amadya nyama zomwe zagwidwa mumisampha, osatinso oimira mitundu yawo.
Ma hazel grouses, ma grouse akuda, ma grouse amtengo amabisala chisanu usiku chisanu, zomwe zimathandizira kusaka kwa mzati. Pogwira makoswe ang'ono m'nyengo yozizira, ma mustelids amatha kuthamanga mpaka mamita makumi atatu pansi pa chipale chofewa. Oyankhulawo ndi ma gourmets abwino. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi ming'oma yomwe yawonongeka. Sakonda achule, koma amawadyera chifukwa chosowa chakudya chabwino nthawi yachisanu yozizira, kuwapeza kuchokera kumadzi.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi midzi zimadya zinyalala. Amasaka nyama za nkhuku; Zowononga kwambiri zimadya zotsalazo nthawi zambiri kudera la nkhalango zaku Far East, komwe kachulukidwe ka zachilengedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama zakutchire ndizapamwamba.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mu February, olankhula ochulukirachulukira amachokera pansi pa chipale chofewa. Amayendetsedwa ndi chibadwa chobereka. Pakadali pano, amunawa amakhala ovuta kufunafuna anzawo, osanyalanyaza malire amdera lawo. Pakufika chaka, nyamayo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yokhwima pogonana, zazikazi zimakhala zokonzeka kukwatira kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka pakati pa Meyi.
Ngati chivundikirocho chinawonongedwa kapena anawo atamwalira, umuna ungachitike kachiwiri. Muyenera kukhala munthawi isanafike Ogasiti, pomwe amuna amathetsa zachiwerewere. Akazi amakonza chisa m'malo awo. Mtsamiro wofewa umapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsalira zowuma, nthenga za mbalame, ubweya wa nyama.
Mimba imatenga masiku 35-40. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana atatu mpaka atatu, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala 12. Galu mmodzi anapezeka mu chisa cha Itatsi wa ku Japan. Mwana amabadwa wogontha komanso wakhungu, atavala zovala zochepa. Mano oyamba amatuluka m'masiku 15, masomphenya ndi kumva mwezi.
Pambuyo milungu iwiri ina, malaya amoto amakhala ndi utoto wofiyira wambiri, chigoba chimatuluka pamphuno. Nthawi yomweyo, zokwawa zoyamba kuchokera pachisa zimachitika. Mayi yekhayo amatenga nawo mbali pakudyetsa ndi kulera ana. Akapita kokasaka, amapusitsa mochenjera khomo lolowera. Ngati ndi kotheka, molimba mtima amateteza anawo.
Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ana amadya mkaka, kenako makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mbalame zotengedwa ndi zazikazi. Pofika nthawi yophukira, kukula kwachichepere kumakhala kukula kwa munthu wamkulu, kuchoka pogona, kumayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Muzipinda zapakhomo kapena kunyumba, okamba nkhani amakhala zaka 9-10. Kumtchire - zaka 2-3. Pali azaka zana limodzi omwe amamwalira ndi zachilengedwe ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
