Pali nthano ndi nthano zogwirizana ndi lapwing, yomwe imawonedwa ngati yopatulika ku Russia wakale. Nthawi zowopsa, mbalameyo imalira misozi yachisoni, kulira mokweza, kuyambitsa chisoni ndi chisoni. Amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi mawu a mayi wovutika yemwe wamwalira ndi ana ake, wobadwanso kwinakwake ngati mbalame, kapena wamasiye wosatonthozeka.
Chithunzi chachilendo, chizindikiro cha chisoni chosanenedwa, chidapangidwa ndi olemba ndakatulo ndikukhala mu chikhalidwe cha makolo. Mwachilengedwe, iyi ndi mbalame wamba yomwe imakhala kumadera ambiri mdziko lathu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kupukuta otchedwa ornithologists ku banja la ma plover, gawo laling'ono la mbalame zam'madzi. Kambalame kakang'ono, pafupifupi kukula kwa nkhunda kapena jackdaw. Ma lapaposi amakhala mpaka 30 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 200-300 g. Pakati pa mbalame zina zam'madzi, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nthenga zambiri zakuda ndi zoyera, zokhala ndi mapiko otambalala kwambiri.
Mtundu wakuda pachifuwa wobiriwira, wofiirira, kulocha kwamkuwa. Mitundu yonyezimira imawala ngati mbalame iuluka. M'nyengo yozizira, nthenga zoyera zimawonekera kutsogolo. Mimba nthawi zonse imakhala yoyera. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zosangalatsa kuwona kutaya, kotero mbalame zimawoneka bwanji anzeru, chidwi.
Lapwing ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndi tuft pamutu
Wokongola crest korona mutu wa lapwing ndi. Nthenga zingapo zopapatiza zimapanga mawonekedwe a oblong okongoletsa moipa. Amuna, nthenga za crest ndizitali kuposa akazi. Chitsulo chachitsulo cha amuna chimatchulidwanso kwambiri. Mapazi ofiira, miyendo inayi. Chogulitsacho ndi chofiira.
Mawanga oyera kuzungulira maso akulu. Mlomo ndi wakuda. Poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi, mapangidwe ake ofupikitsidwa amalola kuti izipeza chakudya kuchokera kudera lakuya lakuya kapena padziko lapansi.
Mbalame wamba yalandira mayina angapo. Malinga ndi malo okhala, amatchedwa dzina loti lugovka, ndipo kufotokozera Adakhazikitsa dzina la pigalica. Kwa nthawi yayitali amalemekezedwa ngati wopatulika, sanakhudze zisa. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimakhala limodzi ndi mwamuna yemwe amatsogolera banja lalikulu.
Lapwing alibe chidwi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, minda yosalimidwa. Malo ocheperako olima, nthawi zambiri kutha kumawonekera m'malo awa. Zimapindulitsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zisa zake zimakhala m'minda yobzalidwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imabweretsa mavuto kwa obwera pambuyo pake. Pakulima kapena pantchito ina, anapiye amafa, osawoneka pakati pa zokolola zazitali.
Mwa anthuwo, ma lappings amatchedwa lugovka kapena piglet
Ngati munthu ayandikira chisa, zotuluka zimayamba kupanga phokoso: amafuula, kufuula, kuyesera kutsika, koma osasiya zisa. Khwangwala wokhotakhota, wochenjera komanso wamphamvu wotsutsana ndi kholingo, nthawi zambiri amamenya mazira ndi anapiye achichepere.
Maonekedwe oseketsa a mbalame ndi nyambo yowala kwa wosaka. Koma kugwira lapwing ndi kovuta kwambiri. Amawuluka bwino kwambiri, amasiya chilichonse. Nthawi zoopsa, mbalameyo imalira mofuula modzidzimutsa, mofanana ndi kulira kwachisoni - yemwe iwe - amene ndiwe - amene ndiwe.
Mverani mawu akuwasiya
Mawu akumapukusa amasangalatsa, amaopseza mdani. Pama calligns awa, zikuwoneka, mbalame yaying'ono idatchedwa dzina. Nthawi zina nyimbo za lapwing zimakhala zosamveka bwino.
Chikhalidwe cha kuthawa ndikosiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zina. Mbalame sadziwa kuuluka. Amakweza mapiko awo nthawi zambiri komanso molimbika. Kusintha kwa kayendedwe kamene kumapangitsa chidwi cha kuwomberana ndi mpweya, kusinthana ndi mafunde.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okhalamo ndiwotakata kwambiri. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka kumwera kwa Siberia, kuchokera ku Primorsky Krai mpaka kumalire akumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Kunja kwa gawo lathu, ma lapwing amadziwika kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, ku Eurasia kwakukulu kuchokera kunyanja ya Atlantic mpaka pagombe la Pacific.
Dera lokhazikika la anthu limayambira pagombe lakumwera kwa Baltic Sea. Zolephera zambiri ndi mbalame zosamuka. Mbalame yaying'ono imayenda kwambiri. Amapita kumalo ozizira kunyanja ya Mediterranean, India, South Japan, ku Asia Minor, China.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala mpaka Epulo, m'malo opangira zisa pakati pa osamukira koyamba, kubwerera. Zosamukasamuka mbalame kapena ayi, mutha kulingalira ndi chikhalidwe cha mbalame ndikayambanso kuzizira. Zimachitika kuti ofika koyambirira amafanana ndi chivundikiro chofewa chamatchire m'minda, oyamba kukhala amanyazi osungunuka.
Kuwonongeka kwa nyengo kumabweretsa mbalame zosamukira kwakanthawi kumadera akumwera. Pamwamba, mutha kuwona ziweto zazing'ono, zazitali mozungulira. Mbalame zimayenda mtunda wautali chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha m'malo osakhalitsa osamukasamuka.
Mu kalendala ya dziko lonse ya ntchito zaulimi, zimadziwika kuti ndikuwonekera kwa zolephera, ndi nthawi yokonzekera mbewu zokolola mtsogolo.
Malo, kumene zolakwika zimakhala, nthawi zambiri chinyezi, chinyezi. Awa ndi madambo obiriwira ndi zomera zosowa, madambo osefukira, mapiri onyowa. Mitundu ya mbalame imapezeka m'minda ya moorlands, mbatata ndi mpunga. Kuyandikira kwa malo okhala anthu sikulepheretsa kusankha madera.
Ndikulira kofuula, mbalame zimadziwitsa aliyense za kubwera kwawo. Amakhala awiriawiri, nthawi zina m'magulu akulu. Gawo lomwe aliyense ali nalo la banjali limasungidwa mwansanje. Kulimbana ndi akhwangwala akumaloko kumachitika kuteteza zisa zawo.
Mapapuwa amafuula kwambiri, chisokonezocho chimadzutsa gulu lonse kuti liziwopseza adani powawukira kwambiri. Amawulukira mozungulira, kuzungulira mdani, mpaka atachoka m'deralo.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mbalamezi zimadziwa bwino kuopsa kwake. Kuwonekera m'dera lawo la ziweto, anthu, mbalame za mumzinda kumabweretsa mkwiyo wa gululo. Ngati goshawk ikuyandikira, ma lapwings amaundana ndikubisala.
Kulira kwa mbalame kumatsika, anthu omwe anadabwitsidwa anagona pansi kupulumutsa miyoyo.
Zochita za mbalame sizinganyalanyazidwe. Ma pirouette amlengalenga, "kugwa" mwadzidzidzi, kukwera, masewera ampweya wosaganizirika - zonsezi ndizomwe zimachitika makamaka amuna nthawi yamasiku. Kusaka chakudya, nkhawa za mbalame zimachitika masana, apa bwanji lapwing ndi mbalame yamasana.
Kwa mbalame zachisanu zimasonkhana mu Ogasiti m'magulu akulu, kuphatikiza mazana a anthu. Choyamba, amangoyendayenda mozungulira, kenako nkusiya nyumba zawo.
M'madera akumwera, amakhalabe mpaka chisanu choyamba. Ntchentche zokongola zimasuntha makilomita zikwi zambiri kuti zibwerere ku madera akum'mwera pofika zigamba zoyambirira zosungunuka.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya cham'miyendo, monga mbalame zambiri zam'madzi, chimaphatikizapo chakudya cha nyama. Nyama zazing'ono zamphongo zimadya slugs, mbozi, mphutsi, agulugufe, nkhono zazing'ono, ndi mbozi zapadziko lapansi. Zakudya zazomera ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse. Mbeu zobzala zimatha kukopa mbalame.
Posaka, mbalame zimayenda modabwitsa. Mutha kuwona kuyenda kwawo kwakanthawi pakati paudzu. Malo osagwirizana, mabowo, mabampu samasokoneza kuthamanga kwawo. Pali kuyimilira mwadzidzidzi, kuyang'ana pozungulira, kuwunika zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira kuti mutsimikizire za chitetezo ndikuwonetsa zolinga zatsopano zosaka.
Lapwing mbalame othandiza paulimi ngati womenyera tizilombo tina. Kuwonongeka kwa kafadala, mphutsi zawo, mitundu ingapo ya zamoyo zopanda mafupa zimathandiza kuteteza mbewu zolimidwa komanso zokolola mtsogolo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kusamalira ana amtsogolo kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa masika, zigamba zoyambirira zosungunuka. Kusaka kwa awiri pakati pamiyendo ndiwaphokoso komanso kowala. Amuna amavina pamaso pa akazi mlengalenga - amayenda mozungulira, amagwa mwamphamvu ndikuyamba kunyamuka, kutembenuka kosatheka, kuwonetsa ndege zouluka kwambiri.
Pansi, amawonetsa luso lokumba maenje, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala malo obisalapo.
Magawo awiri olowera pabanja amakhala m'malo am'banja pansi pomwe, nthawi zina amapumira pang'ono. M'malo owonekera, pansi pake pamadzaza ndi udzu wouma, wokhala ndi nthambi zowonda, koma nthawi zambiri umakhalanso wopanda kanthu. Pakukhalira mazira, banja lililonse limakhala m'gawo lake, popanda kupondereza oyandikana nawo.
Zipilala zimapanga zisa pansi
Zowalamulira zolowerera, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi mazira anayi owoneka ngati peyala. Mtundu wa chipolopolocho ndi choyera-mchenga wokhala ndi mtundu wakuda mwamtundu wa mawanga. Wotchiyo mu chisa amanyamulidwa ndi wamkazi, mnzake amangomulowetsa m'malo. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 28.
Ngati pali chiwopsezo ku chisa, mbalame zimasonkhana ndikuzungulira mdani, kumuchotsa pamalopo. Kufuula, kulira modandaula, maulendo apandege pafupi ndi mlendo akuwonetsa mkhalidwe woopsa wa mbalamezo. Khwangwala, ziboliboli zimasokoneza akalulu ku zisa ngati kuli kotheka.
Mbalame sizingathe kuthana ndi makina olima. Zisa zambiri zimawonongeka pantchito yakumunda.
Anapiye omwe akutuluka amatetezedwa ndi mitundu yoteteza, yomwe imawalola kuti azidzibisalira bwino pazomera - matupiwo amakhala okutira ndi imvi. Mapapuwa amabadwa akutha kuwona, choncho ngakhale ana amatha kubisala pakagwa ngozi.
Atalimbikirako pang'ono, anapiyewo amayang'ana malo ozungulira. Kusunthira pang'ono kutali ndi chisa, amaundana m'mizati ndikumvetsera kulira kulikonse.
Kulephera kwa makolo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa ana kumalo obisika komwe kuli chakudya ndi chitetezo chambiri. Mikoko ya anapiye imakhazikika m'magulu, malo ophunzirira ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, ikuyang'ana m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mayiwe. Poyamba amadya tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, kenako amasintha kupita kuzakudya zokhazikika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nyongolotsi, nkhono, millipedes. Pofika sabata lachisanu la moyo, anapiye onse amakhala pamapiko.
Anapiye obadwa nawo amabadwa ali ndi makutu akumva, choncho amabisala bwino m'nkhalango zowirira akawona zoopsa
Mu Seputembala, aliyense amakonzekera kunyamuka kubwerera. Mu chithunzi cha mbalame olimba ndi kumenya nkhondo pakati pa ziweto. Kusamukira kumalo okhala nthawi yachisanu kumafuna khama kwambiri. Ziyeso zazikulu panjira zimabweretsa kufa kwa ofooka ndi odwala. Mbalame zomwe zimafika kumayiko aku Asia zimatha kuphedwa ndi anthu akumaloko. Nyama yotsitsa imaphatikizidwanso pazakudya za anthu ena.
Oyang'anira mbalame akuyesetsa kuteteza mbalame yakale komanso yokongola imeneyi. Chiwerengero cha mitunduyo chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Kusintha malo, chiwonongeko cha alenje, nyengo nyengo kupha zikwi za anthu.
Ku Spain, France, kusaka masewera amachitikira mbalame. Moyo wawung'ono wa lapwing ukuwonekera pachikhalidwe komanso mbiri. Ndikofunikira kuti adziwike osati kuchokera m'mabuku ndi m'mabuku, komanso m'chilengedwe.
