Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa nsomba monga carp wamtanda, chifukwa imafalikira m'madzi osiyanasiyana. Ma carpian achikwapu okazinga siabwino konse, amatha kuwonekera patebulo. Aliyense amadziwa momwe carp ya pamtanda imakondera, koma owerengeka ndi omwe amadziwa za moyo wake, zizolowezi zake ndi machitidwe ake. Tiyeni tiyese kuphunzira za moyo wa nsombayi ndikupeza zambiri zosangalatsa za iyo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Karas
Carp wa Crucian ndi wa banja la carp ndipo ali mgulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray kuchokera ku carp. Dzinalo limachokera kuzilankhulo zakale za Chijeremani ndipo tanthauzo lenileni la mawuwo silikudziwika. Mtundu uwu wa nsomba umapezeka kwambiri m'matupi osiyanasiyana amadzi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya carpian crucian, kufotokozera zomwe tidzapitilira.
Carp wamba (wagolide) wopindika amakhala ndi mawonekedwe athupi koma ozungulira. Chinsalu chomwe chili kumbuyo kwake ndichokwera kwambiri ndipo chili ndi utoto wakuda wakuda, ngati mchira. Zipsepse zotsalazo ndi zazing'ono komanso zofiira. M'mbali mwake, mtanda wa crucian umakutidwa ndi masikelo akulu agolide ndi mkuwa, ndipo nsana wake uli wakuda - bulauni. Mimba mwa nsombayo ndimayendedwe akuda poyerekeza ndi mtunda ndi mbali zake. Pali mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya carp crucian, yomwe kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 5, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala theka la mita.
Carp yamtunduwu yafalikira ku Europe konse, ikukhazikika:
- Great Britain;
- Switzerland;
- Norway;
- Sweden;
- Slovakia;
- Makedoniya;
- Croatia;
- Italy.
Mitundu iyi ya carpian crucian imakhalanso ku China, Mongolia, m'chigawo cha Asia mdziko lathu, yomwe imakonda madamu okuta, okumbidwa ndi matope.
Poyamba, carp yasiliva inali wokhalamo mitsinje ya m'mphepete mwa Pacific, koma kuyambira pakati pa zaka zapitazi idakhazikika ku North America, ku India, Siberia, China, Far East, Ukraine, Poland, Latvia, Belarus, Romania, Italy, Germany, Portugal. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti m'malo ambiri am'mudzimo, crucian uyu wasintha pang'onopang'ono wachibale wake wagolide, poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ocheperako kukula.
Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zagolidi sikungodutsa makilogalamu atatu, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 40. Nsombazo zimakhala zazikulu, zopakidwa utoto wonyezimira kapena wobiriwira. Ndizosowa kwambiri kupeza nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wagolide kapena lalanje-pinki. Zipsepse zonse za carp crucian ndizotuwa za azitona komanso zowonekera.
Golide wagolidi ali ndi kuthekera kwapadera komwe kumalola kuti izolowere chilengedwe chake ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake molingana ndi iyo, chifukwa chake anthu apanga mtundu watsopano wotchedwa "nsomba zagolide".
Nsomba yagolide ili ndi tinthu tating'ono tambirimbiri, tambirimbiri. Pafupifupi onsewa ndi nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe kutalika kwake kumasiyana masentimita awiri mpaka makumi anayi ndi asanu, ndipo mitundu yowala ndiyambiri.
Maonekedwe a nsomba yagolide atha kukhala:
- ozungulira;
- kutalika (kutalika);
- ovoid.
Kuphatikiza pakusiyana kwamitundu ndi mitundu, mitundu iyi ya carpian carp imasiyananso kukula kwa zipsepse zake. Maso a nsombazi amatha kukhala zazing'ono kapena zazikulu, mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Ndi pafishfish pomwe zoyeserera zofunikira pakufufuza kwasayansi nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa; ndi nsomba zoyamba kukhala mlengalenga.
Carp waku Japan amakhala m'madzi aku Japan ndi Taiwan, mitundu yakuthengo imatha kuwona mu Nyanja ya Japan Biwa., Kukula kwa carp kumachokera ku 35 mpaka 40 cm.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wopachika nsomba
Popeza tamvetsetsa mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamtundu wa crucian, ndikofunikira kufotokoza tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe a nsomba wamba. Kunja, carp ya pamtanda imafanana kwambiri ndi carp, izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndi am'banja lomwelo. Poyerekeza, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosiyanitsa ndi mutu wawung'ono. Pakamwa pa carp crucian ndichonso chaching'ono kuposa cha carp ndipo sichituluka kwambiri kutsogolo, ilibe ndevu.
Thupi la mtanda wa crucian ndilolitali, koma lokwera, lokumbutsa rhombus, thupi la nsombayo limakhala pansi pambali. Mphete yayikulu yam'mbali imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Nsombazi zimakutidwa ndi masikelo osalala komanso akulu, mitundu yake imasiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu, koma mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi yagolide ndi siliva. Mtsinje wa nsomba ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wonenepa.
Pakamwa kakang'ono kotseguka pali mano amodzi amphanga. Kwenikweni, maso a carpian crucian ndi ochepa. Chimodzi mwazosiyana zake ndi kupezeka kwa ziboo zophulika pazipsepse za kumatako ndi chakuthambo. Kulemera kwathunthu kwa carp crucian kumachokera ku 200 mpaka 500 magalamu, zitsanzo zazikulu ndi zolemera ndizochepa.
Kutalika kwa moyo kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya carpian carp ndikosiyana. Utoto wagolide utha kuwerengedwa pakati pa zaka zana limodzi, ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka zopitilira 12. Ma carps siliva samakhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, ngakhale ena amatha kuthana ndi izi ndikukhala zaka zingapo, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kodi carp wa pamtanda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Big fish crucian
Musadabwe kuti carp crucian imagawidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa ndi yolimba komanso yopanda ulemu. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya crucian carp idathandizidwanso ndi zochitika za munthu, yemwe adazikhazikitsa m'malo ambiri mwanjira zopangira. Nsomba iyi imazolowera bwino mayiwe amtundu uliwonse, nyanja, mitsinje.
Asayansi-ichthyologists apeza kuti m'malo athyathyathya, maenje apansi pamadzi ndipo pakakhala dothi lalikulu, carp ya pamtanda imamva bwino ndipo imayamba kubereka kwambiri. Ndi matupi amadzi okha omwe ali m'mapiri omwe amapewa ma carpian.
Pansi pamavuto (chisanu chochuluka, chilala choopsa), carpian crucian imakumba mozama kwambiri (mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri) ndikudikirira bwino masoka achilengedwe onse kumeneko.
A Karas sananyalanyaze Italy, Poland, Portugal, Germany, Romania, Great Britain, Hungary, Kazakhstan, China, Belarus, Mongolia, Korea, komwe amakhala mosatekeseka. Nsomba samanyoza madzi ozizira Siberia, kusankha Kolyma ndi Primorye. Carp wa Crucian amathanso kugwidwa ku Pakistan, India, USA ndi Thailand.
Monga mukuwonera, malo okhala carp ndi otakata kwambiri, ili ndi chilolezo chokhala kosatha m'maiko ena omwe sanatchulidwe pano. Apa imatha kugwidwa pafupifupi paliponse, imamva bwino, m'malo amtchire komanso opangidwa mwaluso. Okonda usodzi mosakayikira atsimikizira izi.
Kubala koyamba kopangira ma carpian kunayambitsidwa ndi achi China, izi zidachitika zaka za m'ma 700 AD.
Kodi carpian crucian imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Riverfish crucian
Crucian carp amatha kutchedwa wokhalamo zam'madzi zam'madzi. Menyu yake ndiyosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone momwe amakonda nsomba, kuyambira nthawi yobadwa. Achangu obadwa kumene amakhala ndi yolk sac nawo, omwe amakhalabe ndi iwo atakula, kuti agwiritse ntchito zakudya zomwe zili mchikwama ichi, chomwe chimathandizira mphamvu ndi mphamvu zawo.
Carp wokhwima pang'ono amayamba kudya daphnia ndi algae wabuluu wobiriwira. Chakumapeto kwa mweziwo, mphutsi zamagazi ndi mphutsi zamtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo zomwe zimakhala m'madzi zimawoneka pakudya kwa ana.
Nsomba zokhwima zimakhala ndi menyu olemera komanso osiyanasiyana. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo ma annelids ndi ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono, mitundu yonse ya tizirombo ta tizilombo. Mizu ndi zimayambira pazomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimagwiranso ntchito ngati chakudya cha carpian. Amakonda kudya duckweed komanso ndere zosiyanasiyana.
Asodzi akhala akumvetsetsa kuti nyama zamtanda sizingadye chakudya chamtundu uliwonse:
- buckwheat;
- tirigu;
- ngale ya ngale.
Mkate wamafuta ndi zinyenyeswazi za nsomba ndizakudya zenizeni. Mphamvu ya kununkhira kwa carp crucian ndiyabwino kwambiri, kotero amamva izi zosiyanasiyana kapena nyambo zakutali. Zadziwika kuti opachika pamtengo amakhala ngati fungo lakuthwa komanso lamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, adyo), omwe asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zawo.
Mzere wam'mbali wamtanda wa crucian ungatchulidwe kuti ndi chiwonetsero chazovuta kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi nsombayo poyang'ana gawo lamadzi, kulandira chidziwitso chopezeka komwe nyamayo idakhala, kukula kwake, kutalika kwake. Zimatsimikiziranso kupezeka kwa anthu odana ndi zoipa.
Popeza kuti crucian sanakonde kulawa, hornwort ikhoza kutchedwa, ili ndi tannin yambiri, yomwe imathamangitsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi, zomwe wopachikayo amakonda kudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Karas
Kudzichepetsa komanso kupirira pa carpian crucian ndichimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwamitundu yonse yamadzi. Mulingo wa okosijeni m'madzi suli wofunikira kwa iye monga pike, chifukwa chake amatha kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri munyanja zazing'ono.
Carpian Crucian amakonda madzi osayenda, samakonda ngakhale mphepo yofooka, koma komwe ilipo, amakhalanso ndi mizu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nsomba zagolide zimakonda kupezeka m'madzi kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi golide. Koma omalizawa amapirira kwambiri.
Matope, matope, kukulira kwam'mbali mwa nyanja, duckweed - awa ndi malingaliro a moyo wosangalala komanso wosasamala wa opachika, omwe amakonda malo okhala ndi zokopa zonsezi. Pamatope, ma carp a crucian amapeza chakudya chake, amatha kubisala mwadothi kuti athe kudikirira zoopsa zilizonse kapena nyengo yovuta, ndipo kuzama kwake kumamatira muulusi kumatha kupitilira theka la mita. Mwambiri, mtanda wamtanda wa crucian umakhala womasuka pomwe kuli kovuta kuti nsomba zina zipulumuke.
Monga tanenera kale, pakali pano ndi mdani wa carpian crucian, amamugwetsa m'gulu lake, ndikuwonjezera kusokonekera. Ndipo zili chonchi, sizovuta kukhala chakudya chamadzulo cha chirombo china. Pomwe pansi pake pamakhala mchenga kapena miyala, simungapeze nsomba iyi, chifukwa m'malo otere kumakhala kovuta kuti apeze chakudya ndipo kulibe komwe angabisalire. M'malo okhala ndi chithaphwi komanso osadutsika, malo ophulika, carpian carp imaberekanso bwino ndikukula msanga, nthawi zambiri kukhala nsomba yokhayo m'madamu otere. Nthawi zina carp crucian imawonekera komwe sinakhaleko kale, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mbalame zomwe zimakhala pamadzi zimanyamula mazira ake nthenga zawo.
Ngakhale carp ya crucian ndiyopanda pake komanso yopanda pake, kununkhira kwake ndikodabwitsa, kumatha kununkhiza pang'ono patali kwambiri. Mbali yayikulu kwambiri ya carpian crucian ndichinthu chofunikira chomwe chimathandizira kuzindikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'madzi kuchokera kutali, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapulumutsa moyo wa carpian. Carp ya Crucian imagwira ntchito m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo; m'malo ena, crucian carp imatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo. Mwambiri, crucian carp ndi nsomba yamtendere komanso yodekha, yomwe imakonda kuti isagwirizane, koma kuti igone pansi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Carp yaying'ono yamtanda
Ponena za kapangidwe ka crucian carp, nsombazi zimatha kutchedwa maphunziro, ngakhale zimachitika kuti zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri amakonda kukhala patokha. Ma carpian a Crucian amakhala pansi komanso osamala kwambiri, koma panthawi yopuma amatha kupita kumtsinje wapafupi.
Opachika pamtanda ogonana amakhala pafupi zaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yopumira kwa iwo imagwera pa Meyi-Juni, zimatengera momwe madzi aliri otentha, kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 18 okhala ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Kubzala kumatha kuchitika kangapo pachaka. Pakadali pano, chakudya cha carpian sichifuna kwenikweni, chifukwa chake, ndizosapindulitsa nsomba iyi.
Pofuna kubereka, zazikazi zimayandikira kufupi ndi gombe, komwe kuli masamba ambiri. Kutulutsa kwa carp crucian ndikosiyanasiyana, kumachitika ndi masiku khumi. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kuikira mazira mazana atatu zikwi zitatu. Onse amakhala omata kwambiri ndipo amatsatira zomera zam'madzi.
Crucian carp caviar ndi wonyezimira wonyezimira, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwa mazirawo ndi millimeter imodzi yokha. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mazira, pafupifupi mamilimita anayi, amatuluka kuchokera pamenepo. Pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, makanda amatha kutalika mpaka 5 cm. Nthawi zambiri, kupulumuka kwawo kumakhala 10, ndipo izi zimachitika bwino. Asayansi awona kuti akazi ambiri amabadwa mu nsomba zagolide kuposa amuna (pafupifupi kasanu).
Kukula kwa ma crucian ndikukula kwawo kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Ngati ndi yochulukirapo, ndiye kuti ali ndi zaka ziwiri nsomba ili ndi pafupifupi magalamu 300, ndi chakudya chochepa, carp ya crucian imatha kukhala ndi moyo, koma imangolemera magalamu ochepa nthawi yomweyo.
Njira monga gynogenesis ndimakhalidwe a crucian carp. Zimachitika pomwe kulibe nyama yamphongo yamphongo posungira. Mkazi amayenera kubala ndi nsomba zina (carp, bream, roach). Zotsatira zake, ma carpian azimayi okhaokha amabadwa kuchokera ku caviar.
Adani achilengedwe a carp
Chithunzi: Wopachika nsomba
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa ndizodana ndi carpian carp. Woyamba pakati pawo angatchedwe pike, yemwe amangokonda kudya carp. Ingokumbukirani mwambi wodziwika bwino: "ndizomwe zimapangidwira, kuti carpian asagone." Katundu wonyentchera wamtanda amatha kugwidwa pamasana ndi nsomba monga pike perch ndi asp.
Zachidziwikire, wamkulu ndi wamkulu wa nyama yamtanda amakhala ndi adani ochepa kuposa nyama zazing'ono, mwachangu ndi mazira a nsombazi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwera pakamwa pa nyerere ndi achule. Amawononga mazira ndi nsomba zongobadwa kumene zochuluka kwambiri. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, tizirombo tambiri ta m'madzi (nsikidzi, mitsuko, tizirombo tating'onoting'ono) timagunda mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kususuka kwa mphutsi zawo ndikodabwitsa.
Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zochokera pagawo lamadzi, kuwomberana ndi mphezi kwa mbalame kumabisalanso carp crucian. Chifukwa chake, ma kingfisher ndi ma gull amakonda kulawa carp. Mbalame zimathanso kutenga matenda owopsa a nsomba. Abakha a mbalame zam'madzi nawonso saopa kudya carp yaying'ono, ndipo anyani amphaka amiyendo yayitali amadya ambiri.
Zinyama zolusa sizidana nazo kuti zigwire nyama yamtanda ya crucian, yomwe imatha kukhala chotupitsa cha otters, muskrats, desman, ferrets. Ngakhale nkhandwe zofiira zimatha kugwira nyama yam'madzi m'madzi osaya, ngati ali ndi mwayi.
Monga mukuwonera, carp ya pamtanda ilibe abwenzi ambiri, makamaka achinyamata. Koma opachika ambiri amaphedwa ndi anthu omwe amakonda kusodza. Kawirikawiri, carpian wa crucian amaluma bwino pa ndodo yoyandama, ngakhale pali zida zina zambiri zakuyigwirira (kupota ndikuweta nsomba, gulu la mphira, donka). Asodzi akhala akuphunzira za zizolowezi zamtanda ndi zokonda zawo, chifukwa chake amadziwa kukopa nsomba iyi. Monga usodzi, opachika pamtengo ndiwofunika kwambiri. Nyama yawo yoyera komanso yokoma imawerengedwa kuti ndi yazakudya komanso yathanzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Karas
Mu nsomba zagolide, chiwerewere chimakhala chofanana. Pachibale cha siliva, kuchuluka kwazimayi nthawi zina kumakhala kopambana kwamwamuna. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti amuna pakati pa nsomba zagolidi ndi pafupifupi 10% yokha. Osati kale kwambiri, golide wagolide anali mtundu wofala m'malo ambiri osungira, tsopano zinthu zasintha, ndipo m'malo osiyanasiyana adasinthidwa ndi mnzake wa siliva atakhazikitsidwanso. Mowonjezereka, mitundu yosakanizidwa yopangidwa ndikudutsa mitundu iwiriyi idayamba kuwonekera.
Ngakhale kuti usodzi wa carpian crucian ndiwothandiza kwambiri, kukula kwa anthu ake sikuvutika ndi izi, imakhalabe mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Asayansi-ichthyologists ali ndi chidziwitso kuti pazaka 50 zapitazi pakhala bata pamtanda wa crucian. Palibe zotumphukira pakukula kwakukulu kapena kuchepa kwa anthu. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa nsomba zagolide kukuwonjezeka paliponse. Udindo wa mitundu yake umati nsomba iyi ndi chinthu chamasewera, kuwedza kwakomweko komanso kwakanthawi.
Chifukwa chake, kutha kwa carp crucian sikuwopsezedwa, ndipo dera lomwe amakhala limakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Mwinanso wopachika uyu ali ndi mikhalidwe yofunikira kwambiri - kudzichepetsa, kupirira kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha kwakutali m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Pamapeto pake, zikuwonjezeranso kuti ngakhale zinthu zomwe zili pakati pa carpian crucial ndizabwino, anthu sayenera kuchita zachiwembu, kugwira mwamphamvu wokhala mwamtendere komanso wamtendere m'madzi amtendere. Carp sadzatha kulimbana ndi kupha mosalekeza. Kukhala pamphepete mwa nyanja kuti musangalale ndi ndodo yosodza ndi chinthu chimodzi, ndipo kuyika maukonde ponseponse ndikuchokera ku opera ina, yomwe imakumana ndi zovuta komanso kusasamala.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04/29/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 23:25
