Anthu ambiri amadziwa ngwazi zenizeni kuyambira ali mwana mongoose dzina lake Riki-Tiki-Tavi, yemwe adamenya molimba mtima ndi mphiri. Chojambula chathu chomwe timakonda, potengera ntchito ya Rudyard Kipling, chinapangitsa kuti mongoose m'maso mwathu ukhale wochenjera woyenera ulemu ndi ulemu. M'malo mwake, chilombo chaching'ono ichi ndiwosachedwa kugwira ntchito. Maonekedwe ake abwino amayenda bwino molimba mtima komanso mosatopa. Ndipo sizachabe kuti ali ndi cholinga chowoneka ngati mphaka, chifukwa ndi wa suborder ya felines.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mongoose
Mongooses ndi nyama zamoyo zomwe zili m'banja la mongoose.
Poyamba, anali kulakwitsa kuphatikizidwa ndi banja la civerrid, pomwe, mwanjira ina, amasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Mongooses ali ndi zikhadabo zomwe sizibweza ngati agalu a civet;
- Mitundu ina ya mongoose imakhalira limodzi, zomwe sizovomerezeka ku banja la civet;
- Mongoose alibe ukonde pakati pa zala;
- Mongooses amakonda kukhala padziko lapansi mosiyana ndi ma arvoreal viverrids;
- Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri mongooses imatha kuwonedwa masana, zomwe sizodziwika ndi civet;
- Chinsinsi chonunkhiritsa mu mongooses chimasungidwa ndi ma gland a anal, ndi ma viverrids - ndi kumatako.
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mongooses ndi nyama zoyambilira zakale, zomwe zimawoneka zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo mu Paleocene. Mwa mawonekedwe awo, ali ngati ma weasel, omwe ndi ma ferrets. Banja lawo lalikulu limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu 35 ndi 17 yamagulu. Onsewa ndiosiyana, konse kumadera omwe amakhala kwamuyaya, komanso mikhalidwe ina yakunja. Tiyeni titchule ndi kufotokozera mitundu ina.
Kanema: Mongoose
Mongoose wachizungu amatha kutchedwa wamkulu kwambiri, yemwe thupi lake limakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 60. Amakhala ku kontrakitala wa Africa kumwera kwa Sahara. Kukumana ndikumuwona sichinthu chophweka, chifukwa amakhala otakataka madzulo.
Mongoose wamfupi amakhala mogwirizana ndi dzina lake, chifukwa ndi ochepera banja la mongoose. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 17 okha. Mwanayo amakhala ku Ethiopia, amafika kumalo ake mpaka kumwera kwa Africa, komanso kumadzulo - ku Cameroon, Angola ndi Namibia.
Mungo wa ta-tailed Mungo, wogonjetsa mitengo, asankha malo otentha pachilumba cha Madagascar. Mchira wake wofiyira wofiyira umalimbikitsidwa kutalika kwake konse ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mtundu uwu suli wosungulumwa, koma umakonda kupanga mgwirizano wamabanja, wokhala awiriawiri kapena osakhala mabanja angapo.
Mongoose amadzi amakhala kwanthawi yayitali ku Gambia, komwe amakhala pafupi ndi gawo lamadzi, nthawi zambiri amakonda madambwe. Mongooses awa ali ndi mtundu wakuda wolimba.
Meerkats amakhala ku South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Angola. Zowonongekazi zimakhala, ndikupanga magulu onse, ngati agologolo wamba, zomwe sizachilendo pagulu la nyama zolusa.
Mongoose wamba amakhala wosungulumwa mwachilengedwe. Wofalikira kudera lonse la Arabia.
Mongoose waku India amakhala, mwachilengedwe, ku India, pafupifupi. Anagarika Dharmapala Mawatha, Sri Lanka Ambiri mwina, anali amene anafotokozedwa mu nkhani yotchuka ya Kipling, chifukwa njoka zaululu - nyama zake zonse.
Zachidziwikire, si mitundu yonse ya mongoose yomwe yatchulidwa pano, chifukwa pali ambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kwakukulu komanso kopanda tanthauzo, alinso ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, omwe akuyenera kuyankhulidwa mosiyana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Mongoose
Monga tanenera kale, mongooses amawoneka ofanana ndi ma mustelids. Ndi zazing'ono zokwanira zolusa. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kulemera kwake kumasiyana magalamu 280 mpaka 5 kg, ndipo kukula kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 17 mpaka 75. Mchira wa mitundu yonse ndi yayitali komanso yaying'ono. Mutu ndi waung'ono, waudongo, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Pakamwa pake pamakhala patali ndikuloza. Mano amitundu yosiyanasiyana, alipo 32 mpaka 40 zidutswa, ndi ochepa, koma olimba kwambiri komanso owongoka, ngati singano zomwe zimaboola khungu la njoka.
Thupi la mongooses ndilolitali komanso lokongola, silikhala osinthasintha. Kuphatikiza pa mikhalidwe yonseyi, mongooses amakhalanso olimba kwambiri, ndipo kulumpha kwawo mwachangu mukamaponyera kumangofooketsa wovutikayo. Zikhomera zakuthwa pamapazi asanu a mongoose zilibe kutha kubisala, koma zimathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mdani. Mongoose amawagwiritsanso ntchito kukumba maenje ataliatali.
Chovala cha mongoose ndichakuda komanso chokhwima, chomwe chimawateteza ku kulumidwa ndi njoka zapoizoni. Kutengera ndi subspecies ndi malo okhala, utali wa malaya utha kukhala wosiyana.
Mtundu wa malaya amoto umakhalanso wosiyanasiyana, mwina:
- Imvi;
- Wakuda;
- Brown;
- Imvi yoyera ndi pabuka;
- Mutu Wofiira;
- Bulauni bulauni;
- Chokoleti chakuda;
- Beige;
- Mikwingwirima;
- Zojambulajambula.
Simuyenera kudabwitsidwa ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana pakati pa mongooses, chifukwa nyama izi zilinso ndi mitundu yambiri.
Kodi mongooses amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mongoose m'chilengedwe
Banja la mongoose ndilofalikira kudera lonse la Africa, ndipo amakhalanso m'malo ambiri ku Asia. Ndipo mongoose waku Egypt samapezeka ku Asia kokha, komanso kumwera kwa Europe. Anthu adabweretsa mongooseyu mchigawo cha New World.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti mongooses adabweretsedwapo. Fiji, kuti amenyane ndi ziwombankhanga ndikuzunza njoka zapoizoni, koma lingaliro ili lalephera. Mongooses sanangowononga makoswewo, koma adayamba kuwopseza nyama zina zakomweko.
Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha iguana ndi mbalame zazing'ono zatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusaka kwawo. Zonsezi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mitundu ingapo ya mongooses imabweretsa moyo wosakondera, ndipo makoswe amakhala akugwira madzulo, chifukwa chake malingaliro abodza owononga makoswe sanakwaniritsidwe. Munthu adabweretsa mongooses ku West Indies, kuzilumba za Hawaiian, ku kontrakitala yaku America, komwe adakhazikika modabwitsa. Pali mitundu ya mongoose yomwe imakhalapobe. Madagascar.
Monga mukuwonera, malo okhala mongoose ndiwotakata kwambiri, amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Tinyama tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'magawo awa:
- Savannah;
- Nkhalango;
- Mapiri okutidwa ndi nkhalango;
- Madera obiriwira;
- Zipululu ndi zipululu;
- Mizinda;
- Mphepete mwa nyanja.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti ma mongoose ambiri samapewa malo okhala anthu konse, kupangira mapanga awo mosambira ndi ngalande zamizinda. Ambiri a iwo amakhala m'ming'alu, m'mapanga, amatenga mitengo yovunda, amakhala pakati pa mizu yayikulu. Kwa madzi a mongoose, kupezeka kwa dziwe ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamoyo, chifukwa chake limakhazikika pafupi ndi madambo, nyanja, mitsinje, mitsinje.
Mongoose ena amakhala m'manda osiyidwa a nyama zina, pomwe ena amakumba mayendedwe okongoletsa apansi panthaka ndi mafoloko ambiri.
Mitundu yomwe imakhala kutchire lotseguka ku Africa imagwiritsa ntchito mipweya yopumira ya milu yayikulu ya chiswe ngati nyumba. Kwenikweni, nyamazi zimakonda moyo padziko lapansi, ngakhale zina mwazo (African mongoose mongoose and tailed tailed) ndizopanda ntchito. Mitundu ina ya mongoose imakhazikika mdera lina, pomwe ina imasochera. Omalizawa amadzipezera khola latsopano masiku awiri aliwonse.
Kodi mongooses amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Little Mongoose
Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, mphongo iliyonse imapeza chakudya chake. Nthawi zina amamangirirana kuti athane ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amphongo ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, titha kunena kuti mongoose ndiwodzichepetsa pakudya. Zambiri mwa zosankha zawo zimakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo. Amakonda kusangalala ndi nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame, amadya zakudya zamasamba, samanyoza zovunda.
Menyu ya mongoose ili ndi:
- Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
- Makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- Nyama zazing'ono;
- Mbalame zazing'ono;
- Amphibians ndi zokwawa;
- Mbalame, kamba ngakhale mazira a ng'ona;
- Zipatso zamitundu yonse, masamba, mizu, ma tubers;
- Iwo anali akugwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, mongoose wamadzi amadya nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu, nkhanu, achule. Akuyang'ana nkhomaliro m'madzi osaya, m'mitsinje, kutulutsa zitsamba kuchokera kumtunda ndi madzi ndi zikopa zawo zakuthwa. Mongoose wamadzi nthawi zonse samatsutsana ndi kuyesa mazira a ng'ona, ngati mwayi ulipo. Pali mitundu yosiyana ya nkhanu zomwe zimadya nkhanu zomwe zimadyetsa makamaka ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ina ya mongoose imasunganso zikhomo zawo zokonzeka pamene zikufunafuna chakudya. Atamva kapena kununkhiza nyama, amatha kukumba pansi, motero amapeza makoswe, nsikidzi, akangaude ndi mphutsi zawo. Nawa mitundu ya mbale zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya zazing'onozi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mongoose
Zizolowezi, zizolowezi ndi mawonekedwe a mongooses okhala kuthengo zimadalira kakhalidwe komwe amatsatira. Chifukwa Popeza ndi nyama zodya nyama, mitundu yambiri ya mongoose imakhala payokha, imodzi ndi imodzi. Apa, mwachitsanzo, mutha kutchula mongo wa ku Egypt, wamkazi yemwe ali ndi gawo lake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe amene angalowemo.
Amuna amtundu womwewo ali ndi ziwembu zokulirapo kuposa akazi. Kunja kwa nyengo yokwanira, zazikazi ndi zazimuna sizimaonana, mayi yekha ndiye amabweretsa ana ake. Kwa anthu osakwatira, moyo wakusiku ndiwodziwika.
Mitundu ina ya mongoose imakhalira limodzi, amakhala m'mabanja onse. Izi ndi zomwe mongooses achichepere amachita, zimawathandiza kukhala m'malo ovuta, chifukwa ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso osatetezeka. Chiwerengero cha gulu lawo chitha kufikira anthu makumi awiri, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 9. Mtsogoleri wa gululi la mongoose ndi wamkazi wokhwima pogonana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mgwirizano wothandizirana wa amphongo ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala ku Dera la Taru, lomwe lili ku Kenya, ndi nyanga. Mongooses ndi mbalame zimapita kukasaka limodzi, mbalame zimagwira tizilombo tomwe tikuuluka tomwe tawopsedwa ndi mongoose ndipo nthawi yomweyo timateteza ana a mongo ku ngozi, ndikuyang'ana kuchokera kutalika.
Powona zoopsa, kanyanga kameneka kakuwonetsa izi ndikulira, ndipo zilombozo zimabisala nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, mbalameyi imateteza mongo ngakhale kwa mbalame zolusa, ndipo mongo, nawonso, amagawira tizilombo tawo tomwe tagwira ndi ma lipenga. Nayi mgwirizano wachilendo wabizinesi.
Mongooses wamphepete ndi meerkats nawonso nyama zachiyanjano. Pazipembedzo zawo pakhoza kukhala oimira 40 a mongoose. Akamapita kokasaka kapena kupumula, mongo wina amakhala tcheru, akuyang'ana pozungulira ndi diso lowoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza pakusaka chakudya, ma mongoose amapezeka kuti akusewera masewera osangalatsa omwe amatsutsana ndi ndewu komanso kuthamangitsa kosangalatsa.
Mutha kuwona mongooses akuphatikizana ndi ubweya wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, nyamazi zimangokhala patali ndi mabowo awo, ndipo imodzi mwa iyo ili tcheru, kukhala okonzeka kuchenjeza za ngozi mokuwa pamphindi iliyonse. Phokoso lopangidwa ndi mongooses ndiosiyanasiyana. Amatha kulira, kukuwa komanso kuthetheka, ndipo alamu amafanana ndi kukhonkha kwa galu.
Chifukwa chake, mongoose wokhala pagulu amapereka zokonda zamasana. Nthawi zambiri amatha kulowa m'mabowo a anthu ena, kuwachotsa kwa agologolo adothi, ndipo ngati azikumba zawo, amachita ndi mitima yawo, ndikupanga milatho yonse yapansi panthaka. Sikuti mitundu yonse ya mongooses ndiokonzeka kumenya nkhondo molimbika kuti igawidwe gawo lawo, ambiri amakhala mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere ndi nyama zina. Komabe, mwachilengedwe, nyama izi ndizabwino, zosangalatsa, zanzeru komanso olimba mtima mokwanira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Predator Mongoose
Nthawi yakukhwima yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mongoose imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi samadziwa pang'ono za nthawi imeneyi munyama zokhazokha; kafukufuku akupitabe mpaka pano. Akatswiri a zoo anapeza kuti mkazi amabala ana awiri - 3, omwe ndi akhungu ndipo alibe ubweya waubweya.
Nthawi zambiri kubadwa kumachitikira mumng'oma kapena pakhonde. Masabata awiri atabadwa, makanda amayamba kuwona, zovuta zonse ndi nkhawa zakukhalapo kwawo zimangogwera paphewa la mayi, chamwamuna chimachoka atangokwatirana.
M'magulu a mongoose, nyengo yakukhwima ndiyo yomwe imaphunziridwa bwino komanso kusanthulidwa bwino. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse, nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndi pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, kusiyapo kokha mongoose wopapatiza (masiku 105) ndi Indian (masiku 42). Nthawi zambiri makanda awiri - 3 amabadwa, nthawi zina amakhala ochulukirapo (mpaka ma PC 6.) Thupi lawo limakhala pafupifupi 20 g. Ana a ng'ombe sangadye kuchokera kwa amayi awo okha, komanso kuchokera kwa akazi ena a gululo.
Mchitidwe wogonana wa amfupi a mongooses uli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Monga tanenera kale, gululo limayang'aniridwa ndi chachikazi chokhwima, ndipo mnzake yemwe amagonana naye amalowa m'malo. Malinga ndi malamulo amdera lawo, ndi okhawo omwe amatha kubereka ana, kupondereza zachilengedwe za ena. Chifukwa cha ichi, amuna amtundu wina omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amasiya ziweto zawo, ndikumayandikira malo omwe amapeza ana.
Nthawi zambiri, azam'mimba omwe amakhala mchimwene wamwamuna amakhala ngati anamwino, ndipo amayi amafunafuna chakudya panthawiyi. Amuna amakoka anawo ndi kupita nawo kumalo osungika ngati awona zoopsa. Akuluakulu amayamba kupatsa ana okalamba chakudya chokhazikika, kenako amapita nawo kukasaka, ndikuwaphunzitsa luso lopeza chakudya. Kukula kwachinyamata pogonana kumayandikira msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi.
Adani achilengedwe a mongoose
Chithunzi: Animal Mongoose
Sizovuta kwa mongooses kuthengo komanso nkhanza. Zachidziwikire kuti ndi nyama zolusa, koma kukula kwake ndikochepa kwambiri kuti amve kukhala otetezeka kotheratu. Ndicho chifukwa chake mongooses osakwatiwa amayamba kusaka nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo gulu limakhala ndi alonda nthawi zonse. Ndizovuta makamaka pankhani iyi ya ma mongooses amfupi, ndibwino kuti akhale ndi mnzake wothandizirana naye ngati nyanga, yochenjeza kuchokera pamwambapa za ngozi.
Mwa adani achilengedwe a mongooses pali akambuku, nyama zakufa, nyama zamphongo, mimbulu, njoka zazikulu zaululu. Mongoose amatha kupulumutsidwa kwa iwo mwachangu, mwachangu, mwaluso, kuthamanga kwambiri mukamathamanga. Pobisalira pakufuna, ma mongoose nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta komanso zopindulitsa. Kukula pang'ono kumalola mongooses kuthawa nyama zazikulu, zomwe zimapulumutsa miyoyo yawo.
Nthawi zambiri, mkamwa mwa odyetsa, pali nyama zazing'ono kapena ana ang'ono omwe alibe nthawi yopulumukira mdzenje. Ndipo ndi mbalame zolusa komanso zazikulu, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti mongoose azibisala, chifukwa kuchokera pamwamba pake mbalame zimatha kuwona zocheperapo nyama yaying'ono. Kuukira kwa mbalame ndikofulumira kwa mphezi komanso kosayembekezereka, ma mongoose ambiri amafa pansi pa zikhadabo zawo zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu.
Ponena za njoka, mitundu ina ya mongoose imalimbana nayo molimba mtima, chifukwa sizomveka kuti adakhala ngwazi za nkhani ya Kipling. Mwachitsanzo, Indian mongoose imatha kupha njoka yamphongo yowoneka bwino, mpaka kutalika kwa mita ziwiri. Ngati njokayo ilumirabe mongoose, ndiye kuti itha kupewa imfa mwa kudya muzu wochiritsa wotchedwa "mangusvile", womwe umachepetsa poizoni wa njokayo, kupulumutsa mongoose kuimfa.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mongoose samathawa nthawi zonse, nthawi zina amayenera kumenyana ndi anthu osagwirizana, kuwonetsa kulimba mtima kwawo komanso mzimu wawo wolimbana. Mongoose amaphulika, amatembenuza misana yawo, amatulutsa mkokomo ndikulira, amakweza mchira wawo wautali ndi chitoliro, amaluma mwamphamvu ndikuwombera zotsekemera kuchokera kumatumbo awo. Ma daredevils ang'ono ali ndi zida zotetezera zotetezera kubanki yawo ya nkhumba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Animal Mongoose
Mayiko ena akhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kulowetsa mongooses mdera lawo, chifukwa milandu yambiri imadziwika pomwe amabwera kudzamenya makoswe, ndipo adayamba kuchulukana ndikuwononga zomera ndi nyama zakomweko. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, adayamba kusaka mbalame zoweta zoweta.
Mukayang'ana momwe zinthu zilili mbali ina, mutha kuwona kuti mitundu yambiri ya mongoose yachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo, ndipo alipo ochepa kwambiri. Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu komanso chitukuko cha madera omwe nyama izi zimakhala.
Kudula mitengo ndikulima nthaka pazomera kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa nyama zonse, kupatula mongoose. Nyamazo zimasakidwa chifukwa cha michira yawo yolemera komanso yolusa.
Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi amphongo omwe amakhala pachilumbachi. Madagascar, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Ma mongooses achikaso aku Javanese ndi meerkats adawonongedwa ndi anthu ambiri, komabe adachulukabe. Mitundu ingapo yaku South Africa ndi meerkats adazunzidwa ndikuwonongedwa. amakhulupirira kuti anali onyamula matenda a chiwewe. Zochita zaanthu zonsezi zimapangitsa mongooses kuyendayenda ndikuyang'ana malo atsopano oyenera kukhalamo ndi kukhalapo bwino. Ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mongoose kuthengo ndi pafupifupi zaka eyiti.
Zikuwonjezeranso kuti kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mongoose sikuwonedwa: kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, pomwe ina idakula kwambiri kwakuti imawopseza nzika zina zakomweko.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti kulimba mtima, changu komanso changu cha ma mongooses adapeza kutchuka. Mwaulemu wawo, sikuti idangolembedwa nkhani yotchuka ya Kipling, komanso mu 2000 gulu lathu lankhondo lidatcha ma boti othamanga a mndandanda wa 12150 Mongoose, ndipo asitikali aku Italy ku 2007 adayamba kupanga ma helikopita owukira otchedwa Agusta A129 Mongoose. Ichi ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, koma chosangalatsa kwambiri, cholimba, chosatopa komanso chodya nyama - wokongola mongoose!
Tsiku lofalitsa: 27.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 8:58
