Nyama yachilendo imakhala ku Australia - imawoneka ngati nungu, imadya ngati nyama yolusa, imaikira mazira ngati mbalame, ndipo imabereka ana m'thumba lachikopa ngati kangaroo. Ili ndiye echidna, lomwe dzina lake limachokera ku Greek "ἔχιἔχνα" njoka ".
Kufotokozera kwa echidna
Pali mitundu itatu m'banja la echidnova, m'modzi mwa iwo (Megalibgwilia) amadziwika kuti watayika... Palinso mtundu wa Zaglossus, momwe ma prochidnas amapezeka, komanso mtundu wa Tachyglossus (Echidnas), wopangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi - Australia echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Wachiwiriyu adatsegulidwa kudziko lapansi ndi katswiri wazanyama waku Great Britain, George Shaw, yemwe adalongosola za nyama yoyamwitsa iyi mu 1792.
Maonekedwe
Echidna ili ndi magawo ochepa - ndi kulemera kwa 2.5-5 kg, imakula mpaka masentimita 30-45. Ndi ma subspecies okha a Tasmanian omwe ndi akulu, omwe oimira amakula theka la mita. Mutu wawung'ono umaphatikizana bwino mu torso, wokhala ndi singano zolimba za 5-6 cm zopangidwa ndi keratin. Singanozo ndizobowola komanso zachikaso zachikaso (nthawi zambiri zimakwaniritsidwa ndi zakuda kumapeto kwake). Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena ubweya wakuda.
Nyama siziona bwino, koma ndimamva bwino kwambiri ndi kununkhiza ndi kumva: makutu amatenga kunjenjemera kotsika kwambiri m'nthaka, kotuluka ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Echidna ndiwanzeru kuposa wachibale wake wapamtima wa platypus, chifukwa ubongo wake umakula bwino ndikudzaza ndimatenda ambiri. Echidna ili ndi pakamwa kodabwitsa kwambiri ndi mulomo wa bakha (7.5 cm), maso akuda ozungulira ndi makutu osawoneka pansi pa ubweya. Kutalika kwathunthu kwa lilime ndi masentimita 25, ndipo mukamagwira nyama, imawuluka masentimita 18.
Zofunika! Mchira waufupi umapangidwa ngati mphonje. Pansi pa mchira pali cloaca - mpata umodzi womwe umatulutsa maliseche, mkodzo ndi ndowe za nyama.
Miyendo yofupikirayo imathera ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zigwere milu ya chiswe ndikukumba nthaka. Zikhomo za miyendo yakumbuyo zimakhala zazitali: ndi chithandizo chawo, nyama imatsuka ubweya, ndikumamasula ku tiziromboti. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya amuna okhwima ogonana imakhala ndi zotumphukira - zosawoneka ngati platypus, ndipo mwamtheradi osati poyizoni.
Moyo, machitidwe
Echidna sakonda kudzionetsera pa moyo wake, kubisala kwa alendo. Amadziwika kuti nyama sizilumikizana ndipo sizikhala konse: amakhala okha, ndipo akagundana mwangozi, amangobalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nyama sizimachita nawo maenje okumba ndikukonza zisa zawo, koma usiku / mpumulo amakonzekera komwe ayenera:
- m'miyala yamiyala;
- pansi pa mizu;
- m'nkhalango zowirira;
- m'mapanga a mitengo yodulidwa;
- ming'alu yamiyala;
- Maenje omwe atsala ndi akalulu ndi ma wombat.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'nyengo yotentha, echidna imabisala m'misasa, popeza thupi lake silimazolowera kutentha chifukwa chakusowa kwa thukuta la thukuta komanso kutentha thupi pang'ono (32 ° C kokha). Mphamvu ya echidna imayandikira nthawi yamadzulo, pomwe kuzizira kumamveka mozungulira.
Koma chinyama chimakhala chotopetsa osati kutentha kokha, komanso pakubwera masiku ozizira. Chipale chofewa ndi chisanu zimakupangitsani kuti muzitha kubisala kwa miyezi 4. Ndikusowa kwa chakudya, echidna imatha kufa ndi njala kwa mwezi wopitilira mwezi, ndikuwononga mafuta omwe amapezeka m'magulu ochepa.
Mitundu ya echidnova
Ngati tikulankhula za echidna yaku Australia, wina ayenera kutchula ma subspecies ake asanu, mosiyana ndi malo okhala:
- Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus - Tasmania ndi zilumba zingapo za Bass Strait;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus - Chilumba cha Kangaroo;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus - New South Wales, Queensland ndi Victoria;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion - Western Australia ndi Northern Territory
- Tachyglossus aculeatus lawesii - New Guinea ndi gawo la nkhalango kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Queensland.
Ndizosangalatsa! Echidna yaku Australia imakongoletsa masitampu angapo aku Australia. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo imawonetsedwa pa ndalama zaku Australia za 5 sent.
Utali wamoyo
Mwachilengedwe, nyamayi ya oviparous sikhala zaka zopitilira 13-17, zomwe zimawoneka ngati chisonyezo chachikulu. Komabe, mu ukapolo, nthawi yayitali ya echidna pafupifupi katatu - panali zoyambilira pamene nyama zam'malo osungira nyama zimakhala zaka 45.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Lero, banja la Echidnova limakhudza kontinenti yonse ya Australia, zilumba za Bass Strait ndi New Guinea. Malo aliwonse omwe mumakhala chakudya chambiri amakhala oyenera kukhala echidna, kaya ndi nkhalango yotentha kapena tchire (nthawi zambiri chipululu).
Echidna imadzimva yotetezedwa pansi pa chivundikiro cha zomera ndi masamba, chifukwa chake imakonda malo okhala ndi masamba owirira. Nyamayo imapezeka pamtunda, m'matawuni ngakhale kumapiri komwe nthawi zina kumagwa chipale chofewa.
Zakudya za Echidna
Pofunafuna chakudya, nyamayo satopa kutakasa timiyulu ndi chiswe, kutulutsa makungwa a mitengo ikuluikulu, ndikuyang'ana pansi m'nkhalango ndikusandutsa miyala. Mndandanda wa echidna umaphatikizapo:
- nyerere;
- chiswe;
- tizilombo;
- ma molluscs ang'ono;
- nyongolotsi.
Bowo laling'ono kumapeto kwa mlomo limangotsegula mamilimita 5, koma mulomo womwewo uli ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri - imatenga zikwangwani zofooka zamagetsi zomwe zimachokera ku tizilombo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama ziwiri zokha, platypus ndi echidna, ndizomwe zili ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chokhala ndi mechano- ndi electroreceptors.
Lilime la echidna ndilodziwikiranso, lomwe limathamanga maulendo 100 pamphindi ndipo limakutidwa ndi chinthu chomata chomwe nyerere ndi chiswe zimamatira.... Kutulutsa kwakuthwa kunja, minofu yozungulira imakhala ndi udindo (potengera mgwirizano, amasintha lilime ndikulitsogolera patsogolo) ndi minofu iwiri yomwe ili pansi pa muzu wa lilime ndi nsagwada zakumunsi. Kutuluka magazi mwachangu kumapangitsa lilime kuuma. The retraction amapatsidwa 2 kotenga nthawi minofu.
Udindo wa mano omwe akusowa umaseweredwa ndi mano a keratin, opaka nyama pakamwa. Njirayi imapitilira m'mimba, pomwe chakudyacho chimapaka mchenga ndi miyala, yomwe echidna imameza pasadakhale.
Adani achilengedwe
Echidna amasambira bwino, koma samathamanga kwambiri, ndipo amapulumutsidwa ku ngozi ndi chitetezo chakumva. Ngati nthaka ili yofewa, nyama imadzibisalira mkati, ikuthira mu mpira ndikulunjikitsa mdani ndi minga yowuma.
Ndizovuta kutulutsa echidna m'dzenje - kukana, imafalitsa singano ndikukhala pamapazi ake. Kukana kumakhala kofooka kwambiri m'malo otseguka komanso pamalo olimba: olusa odziwa zambiri amayesa kutsegula mpirawo, molunjika kumimba yotseguka pang'ono.
Mndandanda wa adani achilengedwe a echidna umaphatikizapo:
- agalu a dingo;
- nkhandwe;
- kuyang'anira abuluzi;
- Ziwanda za ku Tasmanian;
- Amphaka ndi agalu oweta.
Anthu samasaka echidna, chifukwa imakhala ndi nyama ndi ubweya wopanda pake, zomwe sizothandiza kwenikweni.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo yokwanira (kutengera dera) imachitika masika, chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Pakadali pano, fungo labwino kwambiri la musky limachokera m'zinyama, momwe amuna amapeza akazi. Ufulu wosankha umatsalira ndi mkazi. Pakadutsa milungu inayi, amakhala pakati pa amuna azimuna, omwe amakhala ndi omvera 7-10, omutsatira mosalekeza, kupumula komanso kudya limodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mkaziyo, wokonzeka kugona, amagona pansi, ndipo ofunsirawo amamuzungulira ndikukumba pansi. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, ngalande yozungulira (18-25 cm cm) imazungulira mkwatibwi.
Amuna amakankhira ngati omenyera pa tatami, kuyesa kukakamiza opikisana nawo kutuluka mchombo... Nkhondo imatha pomwe wopambana yekhayo amakhalabe mkati. Kukhwimitsa kumachitika mbali ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi.
Kubala kumatenga masiku 21-28. Mayi woyembekezera amamanga dzenje, nthawi zambiri amalikumba pansi pa chitumbuwa chakale kapena pansi pa mulu wa masamba a dimba pafupi ndi pomwe anthu amakhala.
Echidna imayikira dzira limodzi (13-17 mm m'mimba mwake ndi 1.5 g kulemera). Pambuyo masiku khumi, mwana wamphongo wamtali wamtali wa mamilimita 15 ndi kulemera kwa 0,4-0.5 g kuchokera pamenepo.Maso a mwana wakhanda amakhala ndi khungu, nthambi zakumbuyo sizimangidwa, koma zakutsogolo zili ndi zala.
Ndi zala zomwe zimathandiza kuti thumba lisunthire kumbuyo kwa thumba la amayi kupita kutsogolo, komwe amafufuza malo amkaka. Mkaka wa Echidna ndi wa pinki wachikuda chifukwa chachitsulo.
Ana obadwa kumene amakula msanga, ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwawo mpaka makilogalamu 0,4 m'miyezi ingapo, ndiko kuti, nthawi 800-1000. Pambuyo masiku 50-55, okutidwa ndi minga, amayamba kutuluka mchikwama, koma mayi samusiya mwana wawo popanda chisamaliro mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Nthawi imeneyi, mwana wamwamuna amakhala pogona ndipo amadya chakudya chomwe mayi ake abweretsa. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 200, ndipo kale pakadutsa miyezi 6-8 mpaka echidna yomwe idakulira imasiya dzenje lamoyo wodziyimira payokha. Chonde chimachitika pakatha zaka 2-3. Echidna imaberekana pafupipafupi - kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ena - kamodzi pakatha zaka 3-7.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha echidna sichikhudzidwa ndikukula kwa nthaka ndikuchotsa mbewu zawo. Misewu ikuluikulu komanso kugawikana kwa malo okhala komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala nthawi zonse kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kwa mitunduyo. Nyama zotulutsidwa komanso nyongolotsi ya Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, yomwe imatumizidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndikuwopseza mitunduyo, ikuchepetsa anthu.
Akuyesera kubereketsa nyama ali mu ukapolo, koma pakadali pano zoyesayesazi zakwaniritsidwa m'malo osungira nyama asanu, ndipo ngakhale apo palibe m'modzi mwa ana omwe adapulumuka mpaka kutha msinkhu. Pakadali pano, echidna yaku Australia sichiwoneka ngati ili pachiwopsezo - imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango za Australia ndi Tasmania.
