Ruff- nsomba yodziwika bwino yomwe imapezeka m'madzi oyera a mitsinje ndi nyanja ku Russia, pomwe pansi pake pamakhala mchenga kapena miyala. Nsombazi ndizotchuka chifukwa cha msana wake. Awa ndi abale apafupi a nsomba, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pantchito yosodza chifukwa chakulawa kwawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ruff
Ruffs ali mgulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Iwo ndi am'banja la nsomba. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amaonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa oimira gulu lino. Nsomba zamadzi oyera zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe, komanso ku Central Asia.
Ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu 4 yokha ya zovutitsa:
- wamba;
- perekani;
- mikwingwirima;
- Czech.
Kanema: Ruff
Mitundu iwiri yokha yoyamba ndi yomwe imapezeka mdera la Russia. Amagawidwa ku Russia konse, makamaka pakatikati. Mitengoyi imakhala yozizira kwambiri makamaka.
Izi zimachitika magawo angapo:
- ziphuphu zimapeza malo m'madzi osaya, pomwe pali dzenje, kamvuluvulu, kukhumudwa;
- dziwe lisanatseke ayezi, ali m'madzi osaya, pang'onopang'ono amasunthira kumapeto kwa dzenje;
- ndi ayezi woyamba, zovalazo zimalowerera mu dzenje ndipo zimakhazikika pamenepo;
- pang'onopang'ono nsomba imakana kwathunthu chakudya mpaka chisungunuka.
Ngati dziwe silimaundana, ndiye kuti ziphuphu zimapitilizabe kudyetsa, koma osati mwakhama monga nthawi zina pachaka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi ruff amawoneka bwanji
Ena amaganiza kuti mwanowo ndi wachikale kwambiri. M'malo mwake, izi sizili choncho konse. Oimira amtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe awo (ngakhale kuphatikiza minga). Mtundu uliwonse ulinso ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera. Kawirikawiri ruffs ndi imvi wobiriwira ndi bulauni mawanga m'mbali. Thupi la ruff ndi lalifupi komanso lopanikizika m'mbali. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa ruff kumakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi lake.
Nsagwada za ruff zili ndi mano onga a bristle, ma canine kulibe. Mutu umatha ndikusefula pakamwa. "Khadi loyendera" la ruff ndi minga. Zili pamapiko a pectoral, dorsal ndi anal. Pafupifupi, ruff imatha kukula mpaka 19 cm, pomwe kulemera kwake sikupitilira 300 magalamu. M'magawo ena, mutha kudziwa kuti panali anthu ogwidwa mpaka 30 cm kutalika kwake mpaka 0,5 kg.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yama ruffles imawoneka chimodzimodzi. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumangokhala pazinthu zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe amizeremizere, omwe ali ndi mikwingwirima pambali, amadziwika kwambiri.
Palinso zina zambiri mwazinthu za nsombazi:
- mutu waukulu, womwe voliyamu yake imafika mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi;
- mdima wakuda wa mutu ndi zipsepse;
- buluu wabuluu wamaso owonekera bwino;
- zipsepse ofananira ndi discolored;
- misana yowonjezera pamitsempha yomwe ingatseguke ngati nsombazo zawona zoopsa.
Zonse zomwe zimawoneka ngati ruffs zimalumikizidwa ndi malo awo, ndipo ndizofunikiranso kuti zithandizire mulingo woyenera wa chitetezo.
Kodi ruff amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Ruff m'madzi
Ma Ruff amakhala amoyo m'madzi abwino. Salowanso m'nyanjamo. Oimira amtunduwu amakonda kukhala pansi. Mwachidziwikire, amapeza madzi akuya kumene madziwo ndi omveka bwino. Pafupifupi pamwamba pa dziwe, sizikugwirizana. Malo okhala ndi mafunde othamanga samakopa anzawo. Amayesetsanso kupeza malo opanda phokoso pomwe madzi amazizira kwambiri.
Nsombazi ndizodzikongoletsa potengera momwe zinthu zilili pamoyo wawo. Ma Ruff amatha kukhala bwinobwino ngakhale m'mitsinje yomwe yawonongeka ndi zinyalala m'mizinda - izi sizimakhudza konse miyoyo yawo, ngati kuwonongeka kuli pang'ono. Chofunika kwambiri pamoyo wabwinobwino wa mpweya ndi mpweya wokwanira m'madzi. Ndiye chifukwa chake nsomba sizikhala m'madzi osasunthika konse. Koma ma ruffs amakonda mayiwe ndi nyanja zokhala ndi madzi, amakonda kukhala pamenepo pafupi kwambiri ndi pansi.
Koposa zonse, ruffs amakonda madzi ozizira. Ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe, amakakamizidwa kufunafuna malo ozizira, kapena nsomba zimayamba kukhala zowopsa, pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimachitika ngati madzi afunda mpaka madigiri 20 Celsius. M'dzinja, pamene ayezi akungoyamba kumene, ndipo nthawi yachisanu, ruff amatha kukhala m'madzi osaya. Nthawi yonseyi, kwatentha kwambiri kwa iye kumeneko. M'nyengo yozizira, ziphuphu zimapita pansi kwambiri ndipo zimakhala nthawi yonse yozizira kumeneko.
Kuphatikiza pa kutentha kwa madzi, kusalekerera kwa kuwala kowala kumakakamiza ruff kuti akhale pafupi pansi. Mtundu uwu umakonda mdima. Izi zikugwirizananso ndi kuti malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ma ruffs ndi ma whirlpools, magombe otsetsereka, mitengo yolowerera. Ma ruffs samasunthira mtunda wautali.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa kumene ruff amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nsomba iyi idya.
Kodi ruff amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Ruff fish
Ma Ruff ndi nyama zolusa. Samadya zakudya zamasamba. Kwenikweni, ziphuphu zimadya tizinyama tating'onoting'ono, komanso mbozi. Koma chowopsa kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse ndikuti makutu amatha kudya caviar, anyamata komanso nsomba zina zazing'ono kuti azidya. Chifukwa cha izi, atha kuvulaza anthu ena.
Ngati pali zonyansa zambiri mgululi, izi zimabweretsa ngozi ku mitundu ina yakomweko. Awa ndi ma benthophage - nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya kwambiri anthu okhala ndi benthic. Koma nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zina, amatha kudya tizilombo tomwe timagwera pamwamba pamadzi. Makamaka tizilombo timeneti timasonkhanitsidwa ndi mwachangu komanso achichepere, omwe sangathe kusaka nsomba zazikulu.
Mwambiri, kusankha kwa chakudya chamtundu wanji kumadalira makamaka kukula kwa nsomba. Ma Rotifers ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha ruffs obadwa kumene. Fry yayikulu imadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, daphnia, cyclops, ndi ma virus a magazi. Achinyamata amakula ngati mphutsi kapena leeches. Koma achikulire akuluakulu amakonda kungosaka nsomba zazing'ono.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Ruff ndi ovuta kwambiri. Amadyetsa chaka chonse, kuphatikiza nthawi yachisanu, pomwe pafupifupi mitundu ina yonse imasankha kudumpha chakudya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukula kwa ruffs kumapitilira mosalekeza.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, chovuta kwambiri panthawiyi ndikungopeza chakudya kuti adzidyetse okha, chifukwa kwenikweni samva kukhuta. Koma chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wokangalika, ziphuphu sizimakonda kunenepa kwambiri monga nsomba zina. Koposa zonse, ruff amasaka nthawi yamadzulo - ndizothandiza kwambiri pakufunafuna chakudya cha nsombazi.
Chosangalatsa: Ruff amatha kusaka mumdima wathunthu. Sifunikira kuwona kuti asaka nyama. Woyimira anthu ali ndi mzere wotsatira kotero kuti umatha kusinthasintha kwakung'ono m'madzi, kuthandiza kuzindikira kuyandikira kwa nyama ngakhale patali kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Ruff ku Russia
Ruff amakonda madzi ozizira. Madzi osungira akasungunuka kwambiri, amapita pakamwa pa mitsinje kapena amabisala pansi pazitenje. Kumeneko amatha kudikirira chilimwe chonse ngati amakhala m'madzi osaya. Wina amene sakonda madzi ofunda amakhala kumeneko - mormysh, yomwe imangokhala chakudya chachikulu cha ruff panthawiyi. Ngati zingatheke, nthawi yotentha amatha kusiya nyanja zam'mphepete mwa mtsinje ndikupita kudamu lotsatira, komwe amapeza dziwe lakuya kwambiri, kuti athe kudikira nthawi yotentha.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ruff amathanso kukhala m'malo azofulumira. Koma, monga unyinji wa nsomba zina zapansi, pamenepo amayesa kukonda mtundu wina wa mwala, mwala waukulu, mpanda kuti abisalire kumbuyo kwake ndikumverera bwino pamalo obisika. Mwambiri, ma ruffs ndi nsomba zamtendere. Amagwirizana bwino pakati pa anthu omwewo. Ngakhale nditakhala m'malo amodzi azaka zosiyana komanso zazikulu, sizikutsutsana ndipo sizipikisana. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kumalo okhalamo anthu, kupatula burbot, kawirikawiri aliyense amatha kukhala bwino. Musaiwale kuti zigawenga zidakali zolusa.
Ma Ruff nthawi zambiri samakonda kusintha malo awo okhala. Mwambiri, samadziwika ndi kusamuka. Amachita izi mokakamiza, madzi akamatentha kwambiri. Poterepa, ruffs amapita kumadera ena kukasaka mpweya wozizira. Nthawi yachilimwe ikadutsa komanso nthawi yophukira ikafika, ma ruffs amayamba kusunthika, ndikusankha malo okhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Mwa njira, ndi nthawi ino yomwe amakhala nyama yosavuta, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhala pakati pa nthawi yophukira.
Chosangalatsa: Nsomba zikuluzikulu zimachoka m'nyanja yozizira mpaka kumunsi kwa maiwe koyambirira kuposa nsomba zazing'ono.
Kudumphira m'madzi koyambirira ndikofunikira. Izi zimachitika kuti mphepo yamkuntho imaponya mafunde kumtunda, omwe analibe nthawi yoti asiye madzi osaya kupita pansi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ruff mumtsinje
Ma ruffs nthawi zonse amapita kukabzala kumayambiriro kwamasika. M'madzi kapena m'mayiwe, izi zimachitika koyambirira kwa kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana. Koma m'mitsinje - mpaka pafupi kusefukira kwamadzi. Pafupifupi kumapeto kwa Marichi-kuyambira Epulo ndiko kuyamba kwa kubala. A ruffs alibe kukonzekera kwapadera kwa gawoli. Amatha kubzala gawo lililonse lamadzi. Ruffs amabala usiku kapena madzulo. M'mbuyomu, nsombazi zimakakamira m'sukulu za anthu okhwima zikwi zingapo.
Mkazi mmodzi nthawi imodzi amatha kuikira mazira 50-100, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba imodzi. Miyala, algae kapena mitengo yolowerera, komanso zina zopanda pake m'munsi ndi malo abwino kuphatikiza mazira. Mwachangu amathyola patatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, amayamba kukhala odziyimira pawokha: kudyetsa ndikukula. Munthu wazaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri amawerengedwa kuti ndi wokhwima pogonana. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kukonzeka kuswana mu ruffs sikudalira kokha zaka. Kutalika kwa thupi ndichonso chinthu chodziwitsa. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha ichi, nsomba zimayenera kukula mpaka masentimita 10-12. Koma ndi kutalika koteroko, mkaziyo sangaikire mazira opitilira zikwi zingapo panthawi yoyamba kubereka.
Ma Ruff si azaka zana konse. Mkazi wachikazi amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 11, koma wamwamuna samakhala ndi moyo wopitilira 8. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi ziwerengero, nsomba zimamwalira mwachilengedwe zaka izi zisanachitike. Zambiri zopitilira 90% zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe ndi anthu omwe sanafike zaka 3. Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazing'ono sizikhala ndi msinkhu wokalamba chifukwa cha mpikisano wachilengedwe, matenda komanso kusowa kwa mpweya, chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Izi ndizomwe zimafotokozera mazira ochuluka chonchi omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito limodzi. Nthawi zambiri, 1-2 yokha ndi yomwe imapulumuka kufikira ikukula.
Adani achilengedwe a ruffs
Chithunzi: Ruff fish
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Ruffs, chifukwa cha minga yawo, amatetezedwa kwathunthu kwa adani. M'malo mwake, sizili choncho. Ngakhale ali ndi minga yakuthwa, ali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zolusa ndi zowopsa kwa iwo. Pike, catfish ndi burbot ndizoopsa makamaka kwa achinyamata. Amalimbana ndi ma ruff pomwe minga yawo sinali yolimba kwambiri - ndiye kuti sangayambitse mdani.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pansi pa chilengedwe, ngozi yaikulu kwa ruffs si nsomba zochuluka kuposa mbalame (waterfowl). Zitsamba zikuluzikulu, cormorants, adokowe mosavuta amapeza ziphuphu zomwe zimayandikira kunyanja. Apanso, nsomba zambiri zomwe zimagwidwa ndizoyipa zazing'ono komanso mwachangu. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka kwa nsomba zambiri.
Pazifukwa izi, ma ruffs amakhala m'malo apakatikati pakuwunika konseko kwa chakudya chachilengedwe. Komanso, anthu amaonedwa ngati adani a anthu. Cholinga chake makamaka ndikupha. Ma Ruffs amatengeka mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperako. Koma osati pankhaniyi yokha, munthu amavulaza mitunduyo.
Cholinga chake chilinso kuwononga chilengedwe. Ma Ruff amangokhala m'madzi oyera. Ngati munthu ayamba kuwononga madzi mwachangu, ndiye kuti nthumwi zamtunduwu zitha kufa. Chifukwa chake, munthu samangovulaza mwachindunji komanso mwachindunji kwa anthu omwe akukoka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi ruff amawoneka bwanji
Masiku ano ndizovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi zachilengedwe. Cholinga chake ndikuti amakhala m'madzi ambiri. Zimakhala zovuta ngakhale kulingalira kuti ndi ndani mwa iwo omwe angakhale anthu ambiri mwa nsombazi. Ndicho chifukwa chake sikutheka kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa anthu m'chilengedwe.
Nthawi yomweyo, titha kunena molimba mtima kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Ma Ruff ndi a gulu la nsomba, kuchuluka kwake kukucheperachepera ndipo chifukwa chake kumafunikira chitetezo ku mabungwe aboma.
Ma ruff ndi otchuka ngati chinthu chowedza. Nthawi yomweyo, m'malo opangira nsomba izi sizimenyedwa m'mafamu. Anthu okhawo omwe amapezeka m'malo achilengedwe amadyedwa kuti adye. Ndicho chifukwa chake chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa mofulumira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachilengedwe, amakumananso ndi zoopsa zambiri, ndizomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi izi.
Ngati simukuyesetsa kuchitapo kanthu, posachedwa ma subspecies ambiri kapena mitundu yonse yazinthu zonse zitha kuzimiririka. Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zapezeka zitha kulamulidwa pang'ono pamalamulo, poletsa nkhaniyi, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chingachitike motsutsana ndi adani achilengedwe a nsombazi.
Ruff alonda
Chithunzi: Ruff kuchokera ku Red Book
Mpaka pano, ruff walembedwa mu Red Book pang'ono pang'ono. Mfundo ndiyakuti njira zotere sizitengedwa m'maiko onse, ndipo zimangogwira ntchito kuma subspecies ena a nsomba. M'mbuyomu, Ruff-Nosar yekha ndiye anali makamaka wotetezedwa. Poyamba, adalowa mu Red Book of Ukraine. Awa ndiwo okhawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitsinje ya Ukraine, ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Kenako Ruff-nosar (Donskoy) adaphatikizidwanso mu Red Book ku Russia. Amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chotere chifukwa cha kusodza. Kuyambira kale, ma ruff amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala okwera mtengo. Nsombazi zakhala zikugwidwa mwakhama kwa zaka zambiri. pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwake kukucheperachepera. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, minda yapadera imangopangidwa, pomwe mitundu iyi imapangidwira kuti izigwiritsidwanso ntchito pakudya.
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, kusowa kwa ruffs kumakhala kochepa. Nthawi imaperekedwa makamaka, komanso njira yogwirira nthumwi za anthu. Ndikofunikira kutsatira zoletsa zakusodza nsombazi panthawi yopuma. Nsombazi zimakopanso chidwi cha ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilendo, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina amagwidwa kuti apange zaluso.
Mwa njira iyi, ruff kwadziwika kale ngati nsomba yomwe imafunikira chitetezo chapadera kuboma. Nsomba zokongolazi zimakopa chidwi cha onse momwe amaonekera komanso potengera malonda. Koma pofuna kuti anthu azikhala pamlingo woyenera, ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti masikelo awa ndi ochepa komanso owongoleredwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.12.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 12/15/2019 pa 21:24
