Kamba wam'madzi waku Europe (Emys orbiсularis) amatanthauza akamba am'madzi amchere ochokera ku akamba amtundu wa Marsh. Chokwawa chamtundu uwu chayambika posachedwa monga choweta choyambirira komanso chosasangalatsa kwenikweni.
Maonekedwe ndi kufotokoza
Kamba wam'madzi aku Europe ali ndi carval wokhala ndi chowulungika, chotsika komanso chowoneka bwino chosalala bwino komanso cholumikizidwa ndi chipolopolo chapansi. Zinyama zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndi carapace yozungulira yokhala ndi keel wofooka wapakati kumapeto kwazungulira.
Pamiyendo muli zikhadabo zazitali komanso zakuthwa, ndipo pakati pa zala pali nembanemba zazing'ono. Mchira ndi wautali kwambiri. Kamba wamkulu amakhala ndi mchira mpaka kotala la mita. Ndi gawo la mchira lomwe limagwira gawo lofunikira pakusambira, ndipo limagwira, limodzi ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, mtundu wina wowongolera... Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 12-38 cm ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka.
Mtundu wa kamba wachikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala azitona wakuda, bulauni bulauni kapena bulauni yakuda, pafupifupi wakuda ndimadontho ang'onoang'ono, zikwapu kapena madontho achikasu. Plastron wa bulauni wakuda kapena wachikasu wonyezimira. Dera la mutu, khosi, miyendo ndi mchira lilinso mumitundu yakuda, lokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yachikaso. Maso ali ndi mawonekedwe achikaso kwambiri, achikasu, kapena ofiira. Mbali inayake ndi m'mbali mwa nsagwada yosalala komanso kusapezeka kwa "mlomo".
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Akamba achisangalalo aku Europe amafalikira kumwera konse, komanso madera apakati ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, amapezeka ku Caucasus komanso m'maiko ambiri aku Asia. Anthu ambiri amtunduwu amadziwika pafupifupi m'maiko onse omwe mpaka pano anali m'dera la Soviet Union.
Ndizosangalatsa!Monga tawonera m'maphunziro angapo, m'nthawi yamakedzana mdera la Europe mitundu iyi inali yofala kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ena, ngakhale masiku ano, mutha kupeza anthu otsalira.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Akamba amtchire amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osungira achilengedwe, omwe amaimiridwa ndi madambo, mayiwe, nyanja, mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso ngalande zazikulu zamadzi.
Malo osungira achilengedwe okhala ndi mabanki odekha komanso madera otentha otentha kwambiri omwe ali ndi masamba okwanira ndi abwino kwambiri pamoyo wawo. Anthu ena amapezeka ngakhale m'mapiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zatsimikiziridwa mosayesa kuti kamba yam'madzi yomwe ili m'malo am'madzi otentha ndi 18 ° C imatha kukhala popanda mpweya pafupifupi masiku awiri.
Pa nthawi yobereketsa, akamba achikulire okhwima amatha kusiya dziwe ndikusunthira patali pa 300-500 m... Chokwawa chimadziwa kusambira ndikusambira bwino, komanso chimatha nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi, kutuluka kotala lililonse la ola limodzi. Akamba am'madzi amakhala mgulu la nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito masana ndipo zimakhala padzuwa kwanthawi yayitali. Kamba amatha kudya tsiku lonse, ndipo usiku amagona pansi pa dziwe lachilengedwe.
Utali wamoyo
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu ingapo ya akamba am'madzi afalikira, omwe amasiyana pamakhalidwe, zakudya komanso kutalika kwa moyo. Kamba wam'madzi wa ku Europe ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, koma "zamoyo" zamoyo zokwawa zotere zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera malo okhala kapena malo.
Anthu onse okhala pakatikati pa Europe amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka makumi asanu, ndipo akamba omwe amakhala ku Ukraine, komanso Belarus ndi dziko lathu, kawirikawiri "amapitilira" mzere wazaka makumi anayi. Ali mu ukapolo, kamba yam'madzi, monga lamulo, samakhala kopitilira kotala la zana.
Kusunga kamba wam'madzi kunyumba
Kunyumba, akamba am'madzi amafunikira chisamaliro choyenera pamagawo onse amakulidwe ndi chitukuko. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera amchere, komanso kupatsa cholengedwa chokwawa chisamaliro chabwino komanso chakudya chokwanira. Pofuna kukongoletsa malo apansi pamadzi, mitengo yolowerera mitengo ndi zomera zopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndi malo okhala pansi pamadzi omwe chiweto chimafunikira kuti apumule bwino komanso kugona tulo tokwanira.
Kusankha ndi mawonekedwe a Aquarium
Kwa akamba awiri achikulire aku Europe, ndibwino kugula aquarium, yomwe voliyumu yake iyenera kupitirira malita mazana atatu. Gawo lachitatu la nyumbayi nthawi zonse limatengedwa pansi, pomwe cholengedwa chamkati chimatha kutentha kapena kupumula nthawi ndi nthawi. Akamba awiri amakhala omasuka mu aquarium ya 150x60x50 cm.
Malo abwino kwambiri osungira kamba wam'madzi ndi posungira pakhoma laling'ono komanso lotetezedwa bwino m'deralo.... Dziwe lam'munda loterolo liyenera kukhala lowala nthawi yayitali masana, zomwe ziziwonetsetsa kuti madzi akutentha mofananira komanso mosasunthika. Pamadontho amisewu, malo osaya amakhala okhazikika, komanso nsanja yoti madzi amchere azipumira dzuwa. Gombe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akamba akamaikira mazira, chifukwa chake limayenera kukhala lamchenga.
M'madera akumwera a dziko lathu, kutengera nyengo, akamba akhoza kuikidwa m'dziwe lamunda kuyambira koyambirira kwamasika, ndikuwasiya mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, yomwe imalola kuti thupi lanyamayo lizikonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Kamba amayenera kukhala wopitilira kutentha kwa 4 ° C, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukonzekera kuti kamba "ibise" mkati mwa firiji wamba wanyumba.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri posungira kamba yam'madzi ku Europe ndi kuyeretsa kwa madzi a m'nyanja. Nyama yotere ya amphibiya siyosiyana ndi ukhondo, chifukwa chake zinyalala zonse ndi zinyalala za chakudya zimangokhala vuto lalikulu loyera kwamadzi.
Pathogenic ndi pathogenic putrefactive microflora imachulukitsa mwachangu, chifukwa chake, pakalibe chisamaliro chapamwamba, imatha kuyambitsa matenda amaso kapena kusintha kwamatenda pakhungu. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa fyuluta yamphamvu komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe ili ndi voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri komanso kuyenda pang'ono.
Zofunika!Kuwongolera kuyeretsa mwatsatanetsatane kwamadzi am'madzi a aquarium ndi kapangidwe kake konse, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zokongoletsa pansi ndikuchepetsa nthaka yapansi pamadzi.
Zomwe mungadyetse kamba wam'madzi
Mwachilengedwe, akamba am'madzi amakhala mgulu la amphibiya omnivorous, koma maziko azakudya nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda mphalapala, oyimiridwa ndi mollusks, nyongolotsi ndi ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, kamba ka kamba kamakhala m'madzi kapena tizilombo tomwe timakhala, komanso mphutsi zawo... Mphutsi za tizilombo monga agulugufe, kafadala, madzi udzudzu, nsabwe zamatabwa ndi kafadala zimadyedwa mochuluka kwambiri. Palinso milandu yodziwika ya akamba am'madzi omwe amadya njoka zazing'ono kapena anapiye a mbalame zam'madzi, komanso nyama iliyonse yakufa.
Kunyumba, ngakhale pali omnivorousness ndi kudzichepetsa, nkhani yodyetsa kamba yam'madzi iyenera kuyandikira mosamala kwambiri. Chakudya chachikulu chiyenera kuphatikizapo:
- nsomba zowonda, kuphatikizapo haddock, cod, perch ndi pollock;
- ziwindi, kuphatikiza chiwindi cha nkhuku kapena ng'ombe ndi mtima;
- nkhono ndi nyamakazi, kuphatikizapo daphnia crustaceans, nyongolotsi ndi kafadala;
- mitundu yonse ya zamoyo zam'madzi;
- nyama zazing'ono ndi amphibians.
Chofunikira pakudya bwino ndikuwonjezera chakudyacho ndi zakudya zowuma ndi zamasamba, zomwe zitha kuyimilidwa ndi masamba ndi zipatso, zitsamba, zomera zam'madzi, komanso chakudya chapadera cha kamba wamadzi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zitsanzo zazing'ono zokula ndi akazi apakati amapatsidwa chakudya kamodzi patsiku, ndipo zakudya za akulu zimaphatikizapo kupatsa chakudya katatu kokha pamlungu.
Zaumoyo, matenda ndi kupewa
Mitundu ya akamba amchere samadwala kawirikawiri ikamayang'aniridwa bwino, ndipo amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira chachilengedwe.
Komabe, mwini chiweto akhoza kukumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:
- chimfine chomwe chimatsagana ndi kupuma kosagwirizana komanso kolimbikira, kutuluka kwam'mimba m'mphuno kapena pakamwa, kukana kudya, mphwayi ndi kupuma mukamapuma;
- kuphulika kwapadera kapena kuphulika kwapadera;
- kutsegula m'mimba komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chakudya chofooka kapena chosadya;
- tepi ndi ma helminth ozungulira omwe amalowa mthupi la nyama pamodzi ndi chakudya chosakonzedwa;
- kutsekeka m'matumbo;
- ziwalo za magwero osiyanasiyana;
- dystocia kapena kuchepa kwa mazira;
- ectoparasites.
Pakakhala kusokonekera kwa aquarium, kuvulala ndi kuwonongeka khungu la nyama sizichotsedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zambiri, osadziwa zambiri kapena omwe amakhala ndi akamba am'madzi omwe ali ndi dambo amapanga zolakwika zingapo pakusamalira, zomwe zimayambitsa chipolopolo. Monga lamulo, chodabwitsachi ndichotsatira cha kusowa kwakukulu kwa vitamini ma calcium ndi calcium panthawi yakukhwima kapena kukula kwa kamba.
Kuswana kamba yam'madzi yaku Europe
Amuna, mosiyana ndi akazi, amakhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wokulirapo, komanso plastron pang'ono. Mazira amayikidwa m'maenje pagombe lamchenga, pafupi kwambiri ndi dziwe.
Mazira oyika elliptical amayikidwa m'manda ndi mkazi. Akamba obadwa kumene ali ndi mitundu yakuda kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe achikaso ochepa.... Kudyetsa nyama zazing'ono nthawi yonse yachisanu kumachitika chifukwa cha yolk sac yayikulu yomwe ili pamimba.
Akamba onse amadziwika ndi kutsimikiza kwa kutentha kwa kugonana kwa ana onse, chifukwa chake, ndikutentha kwa 30 ° C kapena kupitilira apo, azimayi okha ndi omwe amaswa mazira, ndipo amuna okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono.
Kutentha kwapakatikati kumabweretsa kubadwa kwa ana aamuna ndi akazi.
Kubisala
Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali yogwira molunjika kumadalira pazinthu zambiri, chachikulu chomwe ndi nyengo. M'dziko lathu, akamba am'madzi amatuluka nthawi yozizira mozungulira Epulo kapena masiku khumi oyamba a Meyi, kutentha kwa mpweya kufika 6-14 ° C, kutentha kwamadzi ndi 5-10 ° C. Nthawi yozizira imayamba mzaka khumi zapitazi za Okutobala kapena koyambirira kwa Novembala. Hibernation imapezeka pansi pamatope. Kunyumba, reptile imakhalabe ndi nthawi yozizira.
Gulani kamba yam'madzi, mtengo
Akamba am'madzi aku Europe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi, kufalikira kofala komanso kudzichepetsa pakusunga nyumba, m'zaka zaposachedwa kwakhala kukongoletsa kwamadzi okonda ziweto zosowa izi. Mwazina, akatswiri amphibiya amasangalatsidwa ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wa chiweto chotere. Mtengo wapakati wa wachinyamata mmodzi, mosasamala kanthu za jenda, ndi pafupifupi rubles chikwi chimodzi ndi theka.
Ndemanga za eni
Monga momwe machitidwe osungira nyumba akuwonetsera, chisamaliro chapadera chimafunikira kutsatira kutentha kwa madzi pamlingo wa 25-27 ° C, komanso kutentha kwa malo otenthetsera mu 36-40 ° C. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro chokwanira mchipinda, chiwetocho sichingofunikiranso kutentha kokwanira, komanso kuyatsa mokwanira, komwe kumathandizira kuti kagayidwe kake kakhale koyenera.
Mwambiri, mtundu uwu wa akamba moyenerera uli m'gulu la chisamaliro chochepa komanso chodzikweza mndende. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti akamba am'madzi tsopano amapezeka m'malo ambiri osungira ku Europe, komwe amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yotetezedwa, chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze anthu omwe agwidwa m'malo awo achilengedwe.
