Mphaka wa ku Persia ndi mtundu wamphaka wautali wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lalifupi komanso lalifupi. Woyamba kulembedwa wamphaka wamphaka wamakono adatumizidwa ku Europe kuchokera ku Persia mu 1620. Adakhala otchuka padziko lonse lapansi kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, ku Great Britain, koma USA idakhala likulu lakuswana Great Britain itapulumuka kunkhondo.
Kuswana kwadzetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso mavuto azaumoyo. Mwachitsanzo, chitseko chopyapyala, chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri ndi obereketsa akale, chimabweretsa mavuto kupuma ndi kung'amba, ndipo matenda obadwa ndi impso a polycystic amatsogolera kuimfa.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Aperisi, monga amodzi mwa amphaka odziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi, akhala akulamuliridwa ndi anthu kwazaka mazana ambiri. Adachita bwino kwambiri pachiwonetsero choyamba mu 1871, ku London.
Koma mwambowu, wokonzedwa ndi wokonda mphaka Harrison Weir, udakopa alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo panali mitundu yoposa 170 yomwe idawonetsedwa, kuphatikiza Siamese, Briteni Shorthair, Angora. Panthawiyo, anali kale odziwika komanso otchuka, chiwonetserochi chinawapangitsa kukhala okonda konsekonse.
Mbiri ya mtunduwu idayamba kalekale izi zisanachitike. Mu 1626, wolemba waku Italiya komanso wolemba mbiri ya anthu Pietro della Valle (1586-1652) adabwezeretsa katsamba koyamba kovomerezeka kuchokera paulendo wopita ku Persia ndi Turkey.
M'buku lake lolembedwa pamanja la Les Fameux Voyages de Pietro della Valle, akutchula za mphaka wa ku Persia komanso wa Angora. Kuwafotokoza ngati amphaka amvi, okhala ndi malaya ataliatali, otalika. Malinga ndi mbiri, amphaka aku Persian amapangidwa m'chigawo cha Khorasan (Iran yamasiku ano).
Amphaka ena amtundu wautali atumizidwa ku Europe kuchokera kumayiko ena monga Afghanistan, Burma, China ndi Turkey. Panthawiyo, sanatchulidwe konse ngati mtundu, ndipo amatchedwa - amphaka aku Asia.
Panalibe kuyesera kusiyanitsa mitundu molingana ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo amphaka amitundu yosiyanasiyana amaphatikizana momasuka, makamaka amphaka okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali monga Angora ndi Persian.
Angora anali otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha malaya awo oyera oyera. Popita nthawi, obereketsa aku Britain abwera kudzakhazikitsa mtundu ndi amphaka. Pachionetsero mu 1871, chidwi chidawonekera pakusiyana kwa amphakawa.
Aperisi ali ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozunguliridwa, ndipo iwonso ndi olimba, ndipo Angora ndi ochepa, owoneka bwino komanso okhala ndi makutu akulu.
Aperisi atchuka kwambiri kuposa mitundu yambiri yakale, monga Maine Coon ku America ndi British Shorthair ku UK. Ntchito yoswana, yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kwazaka zopitilira 100, yatsogolera kuwoneka kwa amphaka odziwika - okhwima, ozungulira, amisempha, okhala ndi thunzi lalifupi komanso lalitali, lalitali komanso lalitali.
Mtunduwu ndiwotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti m'maiko ena umakhala ndi amphaka 80% amphaka onse osavomerezeka.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa awulula kuti amphaka aku Persian tsopano ali pafupi ndi amphaka ochokera ku Western Europe kuposa amphaka ochokera ku Middle East.
Ngakhale amphaka oyamba anali ochokera Kummawa, olowa m'malo lero alephera kulumikizana.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Onetsani nyama zili ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambiri komanso lalitali kwambiri, miyendo yayifupi, mutu wamutu wokhala ndi makutu otseguka, maso akulu ndi mphuno yayifupi. Mphuno yakuthwa, yayitali komanso chovala chachitali ndizizindikiro za mtunduwo.
Poyamba, amphaka amakhala ndi mphuno yayifupi, yotembenuka, koma mawonekedwe amtunduwu asintha pakapita nthawi, makamaka ku USA. Tsopano mtundu wapachiyambi umatchedwa amphaka achikale achi Persia, ndipo nyama zokhala ndi mphuno yaying'ono komanso yotembenuzidwa zimatchedwa Aperesiya.
Amawoneka ngati mpira wotsika, koma thupi lolimba, lolimba limabisika pansi pa malaya akuda. Kuswana ndi mafupa olimba, miyendo yayifupi, mawonekedwe akunja ozungulira. Komabe, ndizolemera, ndipo mphaka wamkulu waku Persia amatha kulemera mpaka 7 kg.
Mitunduyi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana, amphaka akuda ndi oyera amadziwika kuti ndi achikale. Ndipo ngati Aperisi akuda sali osiyana ndi ena, koma ali ndi maso abuluu ndi oyera, amatha kukhala ogontha kuyambira pakubadwa.
Pali zovuta zina zambiri pakusunga mphaka wotere, choncho phunzirani bwino mwana wamphaka wotere musanagule.
Khalidwe
Aperisi nthawi zambiri amagulidwa chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo ndi ubweya wapamwamba, koma akawazindikira bwino, amakondedwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo. Ndikuphatikiza kwakudzipereka, kukoma mtima komanso kukongola. Khama, bata, amphakawa sathamangira mozungulira nyumbayo kapena kuwononga makatani, koma nawonso sangakane kusewera.
Amakonda kucheza nthawi yamasewera kapena pamanja pa wokondedwa.
Onjezerani izi - liwu lamtendere ndi lofewa, lomwe samagwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri, kumakopa chidwi chanu poyenda kapena poyang'ana. Amazichita modekha komanso mopanda tanthauzo, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yaumauma ndi yopuma.
Monga amphaka ambiri, amakhulupirira kwathunthu ndipo amakonda yekhayo amene amayankhanso. Amakhulupirira kuti ndiopanda nzeru komanso aulesi, koma sizili choncho, amayang'anira zonse zomwe zimachitika mnyumba, ndipo amangoyankha zinthu zofunika. Ndioyenera mabanja omwe amafunikira dongosolo, chete ndi kutonthoza mnyumbamo, chifukwa amasunga bwino. Ngati mukufuna mphaka wosangalala, wamphamvu amene atembenuza nyumba yonse mozondoka, ndiye kuti Aperisi siinu.
Chisamaliro
Chifukwa cha malaya awo atali komanso kufewa, sakhala oyenera kusungidwa pabwalo, m'nyumba mokha kapena m'nyumba. Tsitsi la mphaka waku Persia limasonkhanitsa mosavuta masamba, minga, zinyalala, ndikupanga mpira.
Kutchuka, kukongola, kuchedwa kwina kumawapangitsa kukhala chandamale cha anthu osawona mtima.
Ngakhale kunyumba, ubweya wotere umafunika kusamalidwa. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yovuta kwambiri pankhani ya ubweya, chifukwa umafunika kupukutidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndikusamba pafupipafupi.
Ubweya wawo nthawi zambiri umagwa, mphasa amapangidwa omwe amafunika kudula, ndipo mawonekedwe amphaka amavutika kwambiri ndi izi.
Njirayi ndiyosavuta, ndikuisamalira mosamala - yosangalatsa mphaka ndikusangalatsa mwini wake. Dziwani kuti amphakawo ndi oyera, amadzinyambita tsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi yomweyo akumameza ubweya.
Kuti athe kuzichotsa, muyenera kupereka mapiritsi apadera. Kusamalira zikhadabo ndi makutu sikusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya amphaka, ndikokwanira kuti nthawi zonse muziyesa ndi kuyeretsa mphaka.
Zaumoyo
Kafukufuku wa gulu la amphaka akum'mawa (Persian, chinchilla, Himalayan) adawonetsa kuti zaka zapakati pazaka zopitilira 12.5. Zambiri kuchokera kuzipatala zanyama zamatenda ku UK zikuwonetsa zaka za moyo kuchokera ku 12 mpaka zaka 17, pafupifupi zaka 14.
Amphaka amakono okhala ndi chigaza chozungulira ndi chifupi chofupikitsa ndi mphuno. Kapangidwe ka chigaza kamene kamayambitsa mavuto ndi kupuma, maso ndi khungu.
Kutulutsidwa nthawi zonse m'maso, kuphatikiza mkonono ndi zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zolakwika izi, ndipo muyenera kukhala okonzekera.
Kuchokera ku matenda amtundu, amphaka aku Persia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la impso ndi chiwindi cha polycystic, chifukwa chake minofu ya parenchyma imabadwanso chifukwa cha ziphuphu zopangidwa. Komanso, matendawa ndi obisika, ndipo amadziwonetsera mochedwa, ali ndi zaka 7. Ndi matenda oyamba, ndizotheka kuchepetsa ndikuchepetsa matendawa. Chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri ndi mayeso a DNA omwe akuwonetsa zomwe zingayambitse matendawa. Komanso, matenda a polycystic amatha kupezeka ndi ultrasound
Komanso chibadwa chimafalikira Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) - chodziwika ndi kusintha kwamakoma amtima. Zowona, sichodziwika bwino kuposa matenda a polycystic ndipo amapezeka kuti adakali aang'ono.
