Pipipiti wa m'nkhalango, kapena nkhalango yotchedwa nkhono, ndi mbalame yaying'ono komanso yosangalatsa yodyetsa ya m'banja la wagtail. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zoyimba zakutchire zimasokonezedwa ndi mpheta, koma gorse ndi wocheperako kuposa mpheta wakumatauni, komanso imakhala ndi thupi lowonda.
Mapiko a nkhalango amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zothandiza kuchokera ku nkhalango, zomwe zimatheka chifukwa cha kutha kwa gorse pakudya kuti ziwononge tizilombo tambiri - tizilomboti.
Makhalidwe ndi subspecies
Kumbuyo kwa mbalame yayikulu kumakutidwa ndi nthenga zofiirira ngati mchenga ndipo kumakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri. Pa mchira wapamwamba, mikwingwirima yakuda kulibiretu. Mawanga a bulauni okhala ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino amawonekera pazenera. Mimbayo ndi yachikaso chachikaso, ndi malo oyera mkati mwa thupi komanso m'chigawo cha mchira wapamwamba.
Khalidwe lake ndi mizere yakuda yophimba chotupa ndi chifuwa cha mbuzi... M'mbali mwa pakhosi, mitsinje yotere imaphatikizika ndikuchita mzere umodzi, womwe umadutsa molunjika kuchokera ku mandible kupita ku chotupa. Ngakhale kuti mtundu waukulu wa nthenga za mchira ndi zoyera, wokonda mkatimo amadziwika ndi utoto wofiirira. Nthenga ziwirizo zimakhala ndi mawanga oyera komanso zoyera pang'ono. Nthenga zina zonse zamchira ndi utoto wakuda.
Maso ndi odulidwa mbalame, zazing'ono, zakuda. Mlomo ndi wofiirira komanso wammbali. Miyendo ndi yofiirira, yokhala ndi chikasu chachikaso.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kwa mbalame zazing'ono, nthenga zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, komanso kupezeka kwamiyala yakuda kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe oyipa am'munsi. Mitunduyi imaphatikizanso ma subspecies awiri okha, omwe amayimiridwa ndi bomba la nkhalango wamba komanso bomba la nkhalango la Himalaya.
Chikhalidwe
Mwa mitundu yonse ya mitu yakuda, mapaipi am'nkhalango amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi masamba obiriwira, chifukwa chake nyengo yachilimwe imayimilidwa ndi nkhalango zazing'ono zopanda mitengo kapena zotumphukira zozunguliridwa ndi malo odyetserako udzu ndikuwuluka komwe kuli mitengo yaying'ono yomwe ikukula mosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame yodya tizilombo imakhazikika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zazikulu kapena m'nkhalango zing'onozing'ono.
Pipit ikufalikira kuzilumba za nkhalango za Eurasia. M'dziko lathu, malo okhala ndi zisa zimawonedwa kuchokera kumpoto kwa Nyanja Yoyera mpaka kumwera kwa Crimea. Ngati mbali yayikulu yamalo okhala ma chevrons ili ndi mawonekedwe osafunikira, ndiye kuti ku Pamirs ndi ku Tien Shan mutha kuwona tinthu tating'onoting'ono todziwika ndi mulomo wachidule kwambiri. Asayansi amagwirizanitsa mbali iyi ndi mtundu wa utoto wa nthenga ndi kusapezeka kwa mawanga owoneka bwino pa nthenga.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imasamukira kumayiko ofunda... Hibernation yakuda ku Mediterranean, Africa kapena India. Palinso ndege zosawerengeka, mwangozi, zowuluka zankhalango zopita ku Madeira, Jan Mayena ndi zilumba za Canary. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yofunda, mbalame zosamuka m'magulu akulu zimabwerera kumadera adziko lathu.
Blackhead kukaikira mazira
Mapaipi amtchire amafika m'malo obisalira, monga lamulo, mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Munali munthawi imeneyi momwe nyimbo zamtunduwu zimamvekera m'mbali komanso m'minda. Mwanjira imeneyi, zopinimbira zazimuna zimadziwitsa abale awo kuti malo okhalirako zamoyo ali kale.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu ingapo kuti mkazi asankhe malo abwino kwambiri omangira chisa, chomwe chimakhala m'malo ocheperako ndipo nthawi zina chimakhala ndi masamba a udzu kapena nthambi.
Udzu wouma, udzu, ndi tsitsi la akavalo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira popanga chisa. Mbalameyi imazungulira makoma a chisa kuchokera ku mizu yopyapyala kwambiri ndi udzu wautali. Pakati pa nthawi ya kukaikira mazira, monga lamulo, pali ana angapo. Mu clutch, amatha kuwona mazira asanu, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira nthawi zonse. Mazirawo amakhala okutidwa ndi matte otuwa kapena chipolopolo chowala pang'ono cha imvi, utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi kulocha kwina. Palinso mazira amtundu wofiirira-pinki-utoto wofiirira pang'ono.
Nthawi yokwanira imakhala pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi awiri, ndipo anapiye aswa amasiya chisa, osadziwa kuuluka bwino. Kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi ana awiri, achinyamatawo amayenda m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kufunafuna chakudya, ndipo kuyambira theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, mbalame zimalumikizana m'magulu akulu, kenako zimatha ulendo wautali kupita kumayiko otentha ndi nyengo yachisanu. Unyinji kusamuka kwa sukulu nkhalango mapaipi kumachitika, monga ulamuliro, kuyambira August 10-20.
Kudya kavalo wamnkhalango
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala chakudya chachikulu pachapaipi cha m'nkhalango... Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, mbewu za mbewu monga mariannik, septenary, warty birch ndi sedge zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mbozi za agulugufe, nsabwe za m'masamba, cicadas, filly ndi nyerere za m'nkhalango zimapanga chakudya cha mbalame wamkulu. Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chimatha kuthandizidwa ndi ma weevils, dinani kafadala ndi njovu.
Adani m'chilengedwe
Mapaipi a nkhalango ndi makolo osamala kwambiri komanso odalirika. Amatha kupatutsa adani pachisa ndi anapiye. Mwachilengedwe, adani akulu a kutentha kwa nkhuni ndi mphiri ndi mitundu ina ya njoka zazikulu, ma ermine ndi ma martens, komanso mpheta.
Milandu yakuukira zisa za nkhalango zamtchire ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama siachilendo. Pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu, mahatchi amnkhalango amawopsezedwa ndi amphaka oweta.
Zolemba kunyumba
Nyimbo za ma skate aku nkhalango ndizovuta kwambiri, zosiyanasiyana, zokoma modabwitsa, kotero mbalame yaying'ono komanso yowoneka bwinoyi nthawi zambiri imasungidwa kunyumba. Ogwira mbalame amagwira tsekwe wa mbuzi atangofika, mu Epulo.
Wotama, mbalame yogwidwa imakhala pafupifupi miyezi ingapo... Podyetsa ogwidwa, phala limagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera tchizi kanyumba, mazira owiritsa kwambiri, kaloti, daphnia komanso kusakaniza kwa tirigu. Kuchokera ku tizilombo, mphutsi, magazi a mphutsi, mphutsi za kachilomboka ndi ntchentche ndizoyenera. Kusamalira galard sikuli kovuta konse, chifukwa chake mahatchi amnkhalango amakula ngakhale ndi osadziwa zambiri komanso akatswiri odziwa mbalame.
