Ecology ndi sayansi yachilengedwe, yomwe, makamaka, imaphunzira malamulo azigwirizano zamoyo ndi chilengedwe chawo. Woyambitsa lamuloli ndi E. Haeckel, yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "zachilengedwe" ndikulemba zolemba pamavuto azachilengedwe. Sayansi iyi imafufuza za anthu, zachilengedwe komanso chilengedwe chonse.
Zolinga zachilengedwe zamakono
Mutha kukangana kwa nthawi yayitali pazomwe maphunziro azachilengedwe, zolinga zake, zolinga zake, tikambirana chinthu chachikulu. Kutengera maphunziro osiyanasiyana asayansi, zolinga zazikulu za sayansi yazachilengedwe ndi izi:
- kuphunzira zamitundu ndi chitukuko cha mogwirizana zomveka za anthu ndi chilengedwe;
- Kukhazikitsa njira zovomerezeka zolumikizirana ndi anthu ndi chilengedwe;
- Kuwonetseratu momwe zinthu zimakhudzira chilengedwe;
- kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu.
Zotsatira zake, zonse zimasanduka funso limodzi: momwe mungasungire chilengedwe, popeza munthu wachita kale kuwonongeka kotere?
Ntchito zachilengedwe zamakono
M'mbuyomu, anthu anali olimba mwachilengedwe, ankalilemekeza ndipo amangoligwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Tsopano gulu la anthu limalamulira zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, anthu nthawi zambiri amalandira chilango kuchokera ku masoka achilengedwe. Mwinanso, zivomezi, kusefukira kwamadzi, kuwotcha nkhalango, tsunami, mphepo zamkuntho zimachitika pazifukwa. Ngati anthu sanasinthe kayendedwe ka mitsinje, sanadule mitengo, sanadetse mpweya, nthaka, madzi, sanawononge zinyama, ndiye kuti masoka achilengedwe mwina sangachitike. Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu pazachilengedwe, zachilengedwe zimapanga izi:
- kukhazikitsa maziko ongolingalira momwe zinthu zilili padziko lapansi;
- kuchita kafukufuku wa anthu kuti athetse kuchuluka kwawo ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kusiyanasiyana;
- kuyang'anira kusintha kwa chilengedwe;
- peza kusintha kwakusintha kwa zinthu zonse zachilengedwe;
- kukonza zachilengedwe;
- kuchepetsa kuipitsa;
- kuthetsa mavuto apadziko lonse ndi akumaloko.
Izi sizinthu zonse zomwe akatswiri amakono azachilengedwe komanso anthu wamba amakumana nazo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuteteza chilengedwe kumadalira tokha. Ngati timasamalira bwino, osati kungotenga, komanso kupereka, ndiye kuti titha kupulumutsa dziko lathu ku chiwonongeko chowopsa, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.