Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala nkhaka zam'nyanja
Holothuria Ndi nyama yodabwitsa yomwe imawoneka ngati chomera. Nyama iyi ndi ya gulu la zopanda mafinya, mtundu wa echinoderms. "Masoseji am'nyanja" awa, ndipo ndi momwe amawonekera, ali ndi mayina ambiri - nkhaka zam'madzi, trepang, ginseng wanyanja.
Kalasi ya Holothurian imagwirizanitsa mitundu yambiri, yomwe ndi - 1150. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala wosiyana ndi oimira ena mkalasi m'njira zingapo. Chifukwa chake onse Mitundu ya nkhaka zam'nyanja akhala ophatikizidwa mu mitundu 6. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa posiyanitsa zinali izi: mawonekedwe amtundu, akunja komanso majini. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tidziwe mitundu ya nkhaka zam'madzi:
1. Nkhaka za m'nyanja zopanda malire zilibe miyendo ya maambulansi. Mosiyana ndi abale awo ena, amalekerera kutsekemera kwamadzi, komwe kunakhudza malo okhala. Amayi ambiri opanda mwendo amapezeka m'madambo a mangrove ku Ras Mohamed Nature Reserve.
2. Ma holothuri amiyendo yamiyendo amakhala ndi miyendo yamagalimoto oyenda pambali. Amakonda kwambiri moyo wakuya kwambiri.
3. Nkhaka zooneka ngati mbiya. Maonekedwe a thupi lawo ndi fusiform. Zotere mtundu wa nkhaka zam'nyanja ndinazolowera kukhala pansi.
4. Nkhaka za m'nyanja za Arboreal tentacular ndizofala kwambiri. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo nkhaka zachikale kwambiri zam'nyanja.
5. Zovala za chithokomiro zimakhala ndi zazifupi zomwe sizimabisala m'thupi.
6. Dactylochirotids imagwirizanitsa ma trepangs ndi 8 mpaka 30 tentacles.
Holothuria nyanja, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwake komanso kutha kusintha malo okhala, amapezeka pafupifupi m'nyanja zonse. Kupatulapo okha ndi Caspian ndi Baltic Nyanja.
Maulendo akutali nawonso ndiabwino pamoyo wawo. Masango akulu kwambiri nkhaka zam'nyanja holothurians m'madzi otentha komanso otentha. Nkhaka izi zimatha kukhazikika m'madzi osaya komanso m'malo akuya kwambiri. Malo awo obisalapo ndi miyala yamchere yamchere ndi dothi lamiyala lodzaza ndi zomera.
Thupi la anthu omwe amakhala m'madziwo ndilopanda, mwina pachifukwa ichi amatchedwa nkhaka zam'nyanja. Khungu lakuthwa ndi khwinya. Minofu yonse imapangidwa bwino. Pali pakamwa kumapeto kwa torso, ndi anus mbali inayo. Mahema amakhala mozungulira pakamwa.
Ndi chithandizo chawo, ginseng yakunyanja imagwira chakudya ndikutumiza kukamwa. Amameza chakudya chonse, chifukwa alibe mano. Chilengedwe sichinapatse mizukwa imeneyi ubongo, ndipo dongosolo lamanjenje ndi mitsempha yochepa chabe yolumikizidwa mtolo.
Nkhaka za Holothuria
Mbali yapadera nkhaka zam'nyanja ginseng ndi njira yawo yama hydraulic. Mapapu am'madzi a nyama zodabwitsa izi amatseguka kutsogolo kwa anus kupita ku cloaca, zomwe sizachilendo kuzinthu zina zamoyo.
Mtundu wa nyama izi ndi wowala kwambiri. Amabwera akuda, ofiira, abuluu komanso obiriwira. Mtundu wa khungu umadalira komwe nkhaka zam'nyanja zimakhala... Mitundu yawo nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi mtundu wa mawonekedwe am'madzi. Kukula kwa "nyongolotsi zam'madzi" zotere kulibe malire omveka. Zitha kukhala kuyambira 5 mm mpaka 5 m.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhaka zam'nyanja
Moyo wa Holothurian - osagwira ntchito. Sachita changu, ndipo akukwawa pang'onopang'ono kuposa akamba. Amayenda mmbali mwa nyanja mbali yawo, popeza ndipamene pamapezeka miyendo yawo.
Pachithunzicho, nyanja yam'madzi yam'madzi ginseng
Mutha kuwona njira yachilendo yozungulira chithunzi cha nkhaka zam'nyanja... Pakayenda koteroko, amatenga tinthu todyera tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala pansi.
Amamva bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake mozama 8 km, ginseng yamadzi imadziona ngati mwini wathunthu, ndipo izi sizangozi. Amakhala 90% ya onse okhala pansi kwambiri.
Koma ngakhale "eni pansi" awa ali ndi adani awo. A Holothuri amayenera kudziteteza ku nsomba, starfish, crustaceans ndi mitundu ina ya molluscs. Pofuna kuteteza, nkhaka zam'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito "chida chapadera". Ngati pangozi, amatha kuchepa ndikuponya ziwalo zawo zam'madzi m'madzi.
Monga lamulo, awa ndi matumbo ndi maliseche. Chifukwa chake, mdani watayika kapena maphwando pa "ballast" iyi, ndipo mbali yakutsogolo ya nkhakayo, ipulumuka pankhondo. Ziwalo zonse za thupi zomwe zikusowa zimabwezeretsedwa m'masabata 1.5-5 ndipo nkhaka zam'nyanja zimapitilizabe kukhala monga kale.
Mitundu ina imatetezedwa mwanjira ina. Pakamenyana ndi adani, amapanga michere ya poizoni yomwe imapha nsomba zambiri.
Kwa anthu, izi sizowopsa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti sichifika m'maso. Anthu asintha kuti agwiritse ntchito izi pazolinga zawo: kusodza ndi kuthamangitsa nsombazi.
Kuphatikiza pa adani, ginseng wanyanja ali ndi abwenzi. Pafupifupi mitundu 27 ya nsomba zamtundu wa carapace imagwiritsa ntchito holothurians ngati nyumba. Amakhala mkati mwa nyama zachilendozi, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati pogona pakagwa ngozi.
Nthawi zina "nsomba za nkhaka" izi zimadya ziwalo zoberekera komanso zopumira za nkhaka za m'nyanja, koma chifukwa chobwezeretsanso, izi sizimabweretsa mavuto kwa "eni".
Zakudya za Holothuria lingalirani osati okhala pansi pamadzi okha, komanso anthu. Trepangi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zakudya zokoma, komanso mankhwala. Alibiretu kukoma koma athanzi labwino kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mukafika nkhaka panyanja, muyenera kuziwaza ndi mchere kuti zikhale zolimba. Kupanda kutero, ikakumana ndi mpweya, nkhono imafewa ndikufanana ndi odzola.
Chakudya cha Holothurian
Nkhaka zam'nyanja zimawerengedwa kuti ndi dongosolo la nyanja ndi nyanja. Amadyetsa zotsalira za nyama zakufa. Pakamwa pawo nthawi zonse amakwezedwa kuti agwire chakudya mothandizidwa ndi mahema.
Chiwerengero cha mahemawa chimasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu. Chiwerengero chawo chachikulu ndi 30, ndipo onse amafunafuna chakudya mosalekeza. Chimodzi mwazinthu zokomera nkhaka zam'madzi mosiyanasiyana chimanyambita.
Mitundu ina imadya ndere, ina pamatumba ndi nyama zazing'ono. Ali ngati oyeretsa, akusonkhanitsa chakudya chosakanizidwa ndi silt ndi mchenga kuchokera pansi. Matumbo a nyama izi amasinthidwa kuti azisankha michere yokha, ndikutumiza zowonjezerazo kunja.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nkhaka za m'nyanja
Ma Holothuri amadziwika ndi njira ziwiri zoberekera: zogonana komanso zogonana. Nthawi yobereka, mkazi amatulutsa mazira m'madzi. Kuno, kunja, mazira amapatsidwa umuna.
Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zidzawonekera m'mazira. Pakukula kwawo, ana awa amadutsa magawo atatu: dipleurula, auricularia ndi dololaria. M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo wawo, mphutsi zimangodya zachilengedwe zokha.
Njira yachiwiri yobereketsa ndiyo kubereka. Poterepa, ma holothuri, monga zomera, amagawika m'magawo angapo. Popita nthawi, anthu atsopano amakula kuchokera mgawoli. Zilombozi zimatha kukhala zaka 5 mpaka 10.
