Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar, yemwenso ndi kamba woyenda ndi zikopa ku Madagascar (Erymnochelys madagascariensis) ndi wa gulu la kamba, gulu la zokwawa. Ndi imodzi mwazamoyo zakale kwambiri zokwawa zomwe zidapezeka pafupifupi zaka 250 miliyoni zapitazo. Kuphatikiza apo, kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar ndi imodzi mw akamba zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar amakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba chakuda ngati mawonekedwe apansi omwe amateteza ziwalo zofewa za thupi. Mutu wake ndi waukulu, wabulauni wonyezimira ndi mbali zachikasu. Kukula kwa kamba kumaposa masentimita 50. Ili ndi chinthu chosangalatsa: mutu pakhosi sunasunthidwe kwathunthu ndikupita chammbali mkati mwa carapace, osati molunjika ndi chammbuyo, monga mitundu ina ya akamba. Mu akamba akale, keel yosazindikirika imayenda motsatira chipolopolocho.
Palibe zolemba m'mphepete mwake. Plastron ndi utoto wowala. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, zala zili ndi zikhadabo zolimba, ndipo zapanga nembanemba zosambira. Khosi lalitali, limakweza mutu wake ndikulola kamba kupuma pamwamba pamadzi popanda kuwonetsa thupi lonse kwa omwe angathe kuwononga. Akamba achichepere amakhala ndi mtundu wokongola wamizere yakuda pachikopacho, koma mawonekedwewo amatha zaka.
Kufalitsa kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar amapezeka ku chilumba cha Madagascar. Imayambira kumitsinje yakumadzulo yakumadzulo kwa Madagascar: kuchokera ku Mangoky kumwera mpaka kudera la Sambirano kumpoto. Mtundu wa zokwawa izi umakwera m'malo okwera mpaka 500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.
Malo okhala kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar amakonda madambo osatha, ndipo amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja ndi madambo. Nthawi zina amatentha pamiyala, zilumba zazing'ono zozunguliridwa ndi madzi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Monga mitundu ina yambiri ya akamba, imamatira kufupi ndi madzi ndipo samakonda kulowa zigawo zikuluzikulu. Amasankhidwa pamtunda pokhapokha oviposition.
Chakudya cha kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar makamaka ndi chokwawa chosadya bwino. Amadyetsa zipatso, maluwa ndi masamba a zomera atapachikidwa pamadzi. Nthawi zina, imadya zinyama zazing'ono (molluscs) ndi nyama zakufa. Akamba achichepere amadya nyama zopanda mafinya zam'madzi.
Kubalana kwa kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar.
Akamba omwe amakhala ndi mutu waukulu ku Madagascar amabereka pakati pa Seputembara mpaka Januware (miyezi yomwe imakonda kwambiri ndi Okutobala-Disembala). Akazi ali ndi zaka ziwiri zamchiberekero. Amatha kupanga mikanda iwiri kapena itatu, iliyonse imakhala ndi mazira 13 (6 mpaka 29) munthawi yobereka. Mazira ndi ozungulira, otambasuka pang'ono, okutidwa ndi chipolopolo chachikopa.
Amayi amatha kubereka akakula mpaka masentimita 25-30. Chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana kuyambira 1: 2 mpaka 1.7: 1.
Zaka zoyambira kukhwima pogonana komanso chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo m'chilengedwe sichidziwika, koma zitsanzo zina zimapulumuka mu ukapolo zaka 25.
Chiwerengero cha kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar.
Akamba amutu waukulu ku Madagascar amagawidwa m'malo opitilira ma kilomita lalikulu 20,000, koma malo ogawawo ndi ochepera 500 zikwi ma kilomita. Malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, pafupifupi zokwawa 10,000 zimakhala, zomwe zimapanga anthu 20. Akamba omwe ali ndi mutu waukulu ku Madagascar akumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziwerengero zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 80% pazaka 75 zapitazi (mibadwo itatu) ndipo kutsikaku akuti kukupitilirabe chimodzimodzi mtsogolomo. Mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo kutengera zomwe zalandiridwa.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Akamba okhala ndi mutu waukulu ku Madagascar amakodwa mosavuta muukonde, misampha ya nsomba ndi mbedza, ndipo amagwidwa ngati nsomba zaposachedwa mwausodzi wamba. Nyama ndi mazira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ku Madagascar. Akamba akuda kwambiri ku Madagascar amagwidwa ndikuwazembetsa pachilumbachi kuti akagulitsidwe m'misika yaku Asia, komwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochiritsira. Kuphatikiza apo, boma la Madagascar limapereka gawo laling'ono pachaka lotumizira nyama zingapo kunja. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu ochokera pagulu lamseri chimagulitsidwa pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, kuwonjezera pa akamba amtchire omwe amapezeka ku Madagascar.
Zopseza kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar akukumana ndi ziwopsezo ku kuchuluka kwake chifukwa chakukula kwa malo olimapo mbewu.
Kuchotsa nkhalango zaulimi ndi kupanga matabwa kukuwononga chilengedwe chachilengedwe cha Madagascar ndikupangitsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
Kuumbika kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja pambuyo pake kumabweretsa mavuto, ndikusintha malo okhala kamba wamutu waukulu ku Madagascar mopitirira kuzindikira.
Malo ogawanika kwambiri amabweretsa mavuto ena pakuberekanso kwa zokwawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuthirira minda ya mpunga kumasintha kayendedwe ka madzi m'nyanja ndi mitsinje ya Madagascar, kumanga madamu, mayiwe, madamu kumabweretsa kusintha kwa nyengo.
Anthu ambiri ali kunja kwa malo otetezedwa, koma ngakhale omwe amakhala mkati mwa malo otetezedwa amakhala ndi mavuto a anthropogenic.
Njira zotetezera kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar.
Ntchito zazikulu zotetezera kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar zikuphatikiza: kuwunika, ntchito zophunzitsira asodzi, ntchito zoweta, ndi kukhazikitsa madera ena otetezedwa.
Kuteteza kamba wamkulu wamutu wa Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu wa ku Madagascar amatetezedwa ndi Annex II ya Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES, 1978), yomwe imaletsa kugulitsa kwa mitundu iyi kumayiko ena.
Mitunduyi imatetezedwanso kwathunthu ndi malamulo aku Madagascar.
Ambiri mwa anthuwa amagawidwa kunja kwa malo otetezedwa. Anthu ochepa amakhala m'malo achilengedwe otetezedwa mwapadera.
Mu Meyi 2003, Tortoise Foundation idasindikiza mndandanda woyamba wa akamba 25 omwe ali pangozi, omwe amaphatikizanso kamba ya mutu wa Madagascar. Bungweli lili ndi pulani yazaka zisanu yapadziko lonse lapansi yophatikizira kuweta kwaukapolo ndikubwezeretsanso mitundu ya zamoyo, kuletsa malonda, ndikukhazikitsa malo opulumutsira, ntchito zosamalira mdera lawo ndi mapulogalamu othandizira anthu.
Ndalama ya Durrell Wildlife imathandizanso kuteteza kamba wamkulu wamutu ku Madagascar. Tikuyembekeza kuti zochita zolumikizana izi zithandizira kuti mitundu iyi ipulumuke m'malo ake achilengedwe.
