Chisoti aha - m'modzi wa nthumwi zachilendo za achulewo. Choyamba, kukula kwake kwakukulu ndikodabwitsa - kumatha kulemera kuposa kilogalamu, chifukwa chake ndi cholengedwa chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Koma si zonse zomwe zimapangitsa agu toad kukhala wovuta amphibian.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Toad eya
Toad aha amatanthauza amphibiya opanda mchira ochokera kubanja la achule. Ndi banja lalikulu lokhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Gulu la banja ili ndizosokoneza, chifukwa sizinthu zonse zomwe zimatchedwa achule zomwe zitha kukhala m'gululi. Mwachitsanzo, pali zitsamba za azamba, zisoti zam'mphuno, zitsamba ngati achule, zomwe ndi za mabanja amiyazi yozungulira, limnodynastis ndi rhinoprinis. Maonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana amasiyana kwambiri.
Njira yosavuta yofotokozera momwe amasiyana ndi achule ndi:
- achule ali ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yocheperako. Chifukwa chake, zitsamba zimadumphirabe ndipo zimangoyenda pang'onopang'ono, kukwawa;
- nthawi zambiri, achule amakonda chinyezi, achule amatha kukhala pansi komanso m'malo ouma;
- matumbawa ndi achidule komanso onenepa kwambiri okhala ndi mapewa amfupi;
- Nthawi zambiri zitsamba zimakutidwa ndi ma tubercles, omwe amatchedwa njerewere, achule osalala;
- achule ali ndi mwana wopingasa;
- zotulutsa khutu kumbuyo kwa maso nthawi zambiri zimawoneka bwino.
Miphika ingakhale yamitundumitundu yosiyana: kuyambira 20 mm (Guiana harlequin) mpaka 220 mm (Bladerg toad). Zakudya zawo ndi moyo wawo umasiyananso, koma makamaka mimbulu imakhala usiku, chifukwa amakumana ndi odyetsa ambiri masana. Ngakhale kuti achule amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, amadziwika kuti ndi zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi kapena zapakatikati. Mitundu yambiri ya tozi imafuna madzi kuti aberekane, komwe amaikira mazira.
Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti zitsamba zimadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono - nyongolotsi, tizilombo, nkhono, ndi zina zotero. Koma makamaka oimira banja lalikulu amatha kudya nyama: mbewa, mbalame, njoka ndi zolengedwa zina zapakatikati. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'mimba mwa toads mwamsanga muzolowera kugaya chakudya chatsopano.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Toad Poizoni eya
Aha toad ndi nthumwi yokongola ya banja lake. Ndi m'modzi mwa achule akulu kwambiri komanso m'modzi mwa oimira amphibiya akuluakulu (zoseweretsa za Blomerg zokha ndi chule wa goliath ndi wamkulu). Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufikira masentimita 24, ngakhale kulinso anthu ochepa osowa kukula uku. Amphibiya amalemera kuposa kilogalamu, koma amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi.
Khungu la aga toad, monga zoseweretsa zina, limakutidwa ndi ziphuphu zakumaso ndi zophuka. Chifukwa chakukula kumeneku, khungu limakhala lolimba ndipo sizivuta kuluma kudzera mu mbalame monga adokowe kapena mphalapala. Pamaso pa zisoti pali zotupa zomwe zimagwira ntchito yoteteza - zimateteza maso ku fumbi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Kanema: Toad eya
Monga lamulo, mtundu wa tozi ndi yunifolomu - safuna kubisa mopitilira muyeso. Ndi mdima wobiriwira wokhala ndi bulauni kapena bulauni, womwe umakhala wopepuka pang'ono pamimba ndi pakamwa. Koma m'malo ena, achule amakhala ndi malo obisala. Khungu limatha kukhala loyera lamkaka ndikutuluka kobiriwira kofanana ndi mawanga akambuku. Kapena, m'malo mwake, mphwachi umakhala wakuda ndipo umapeza mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imachokera m'maso pamzere wakumbuyo.
Zilonda za parotid zili pambali pa maso, pafupi kumbuyo. Koma chule samva bwino, chifukwa tiziwalo timene timayang'ana kwambiri sikumva, koma pakupanga chinsinsi chakupha. Imawopseza adani ndipo imatha kupha adani ena apakatikati ikamezedwa. Mofanana ndi zisoti zambiri, aga toad ali ndi mwana wopingasa, koma ndi wokulirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa maso kuwoneka okulirapo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: The poison of the aga toad was mineed to kill predators-tizilombo.
Zilonda zake ndi zazifupi komanso zazikulu; zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Palibe zoluka kumiyendo yakutsogolo, koma kumbuyo kwake zimasungidwa osachepetsedwa. Komanso, tozi iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi mutu wawukulu komanso thupi lotakata kwambiri lomwe lili ndi mimba yotsekeka.
Tsopano mukudziwa ngati tozi ndi poyizoni, eya, kapena ayi. Tiyeni tiwone kumene amakhala.
Kodi chuleyu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Toad aha m'chilengedwe
Malo achilengedwe a aga toad ndi gawo lomwe lili pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Rio Grande (Texas), pakati pa Amazon, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Peru.
Koma kupha tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, aga toad adadziwitsidwa mwanjira izi:
- gombe lakum'mawa kwa Australia;
- kum'mawa Queenslead;
- gombe la New South Wales;
- kumwera kwa Florida;
- Papua New Guinea;
- Zilumba za Philippines;
- Zilumba za Ogasawara ku Japan;
- Zilumba za Ryukyu;
- Zilumba za Caribbean;
- zilumba za pacific, kuphatikiza Hawaii ndi Fiji.
Aha idakhazikika mosavuta m'maiko atsopano, chifukwa imatha kusintha kuzizira mpaka madigiri 5 mpaka 40 Celsius. Amatha kupezeka pakati pa mchenga kutali ndi matupi amadzi, komanso m'malo otentha, pagombe komanso pafupi ndi madambo. Komanso tozi aha imakhazikika bwino m'madzi amchere pang'ono, zomwe sizachilendo kwa zitsamba zambiri. Ku Hawaii, adatchedwa "toad toad" (Bufo marinus).
Chodziwika bwino cha aga ndikuti khungu lake lidakhala keratinized ndikulimba kotero kuti lidayamba kusinthanitsa gasi. Chifukwa chake, mapapo a agi amakula bwino kuposa ena am'banjamo, chifukwa chake, tozi imatha kutenga 50% ya kutayika kwa madzi mthupi. Ziwombankhanga za Agi sizimangira okha malo okhala, koma nthawi iliyonse zimapeza zatsopano - m'ming'alu, mabowo amtengo, pansi pamiyala, m'mabowo osiyidwa a makoswe, ndi zina zambiri. Masana amakhala pogona, ndipo usiku amapita kukasaka.
Nanga chuleyu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Toad yoopsa eya
Aga achule ndi achilendo chifukwa amakhala omnivorous. Zakudya zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo akangaude, nkhanu, mitundu yonse ya zouluka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikizapo njuchi zakupha ndi kafadala, mphutsi, mphemvu, dzombe, nkhono ndi nyerere.
Koma imatha kudyetsa nyama zakufa komanso nyama zoyamwitsa:
- achule ang'ono ndi achule;
- mbewa ndi makoswe ena;
- njoka, kuphatikizapo zoyizoni;
- abuluzi;
- mbalame ndi mazira a mbalame, amphibiya, zokwawa;
- zovunda ndi zinyalala;
- nkhanu, nsomba zam'madzi, cephalopods;
- nthawi zina agi achule amatha kudya ena amitundu yawo. Kudya anthu wamba si kwachilendo pakati pa zisoti.
Chosangalatsa: Toads sangathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amadya ndipo samatha kuluma chakudya - nthawi zonse amameza chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina mitu yakufa imapezeka ndi theka la njoka m'mimba ndipo theka lina kunja; achule amangobanika, osatha kudya nyama yayikulu chonchi.
Ana a toad amadya nyongolotsi zazing'ono ndi nkhanu, daphnia, cyclops ndi chakudya chomera. Amathanso kudya ana ena ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina agu toad amasungidwa ngati chiweto. Poterepa, amadyetsedwa moyenera kuti mphamba ikhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo:
- mapuloteni tizilombo - crickets, dzombe, mphutsi;
- mbewa zakufa ana, hamsters. Akhozanso kukhala omwera;
- zakudya zowonjezera ndi mavitamini, makamaka calcium;
- Ntchentche za zipatso ndi tiziromboti tating'onoting'ono tamagazi tomwe timakula toles
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chidebe chachikulu eya
Toad eya, monga achule ena - amphibian usiku. Masana amayang'ana nyama, ndipo popeza amadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chikwana mkamwa mwake, samakhala ndi vuto la chakudya. Pobisalira aga toad ndi dzenje, dzenje, ngalande kapena kukhumudwa komwe imabisala tsiku lonse.
Eya amasaka mobisa. Imabisala muudzu kapena imaphatikizana ndi mchenga kapena miyala, imazizira ndikuyembekezera china chodyera kuti chiwoneke mu radius yapafupi. Amagwira nyama mofanana ndi zisoti zina - kutaya lilime lalitali. Tizilombo kapena kanyama kakang'ono kamamatira ku lilime ndipo mwachangu kamapezeka pakamwa pa tozi yamatsenga.
Chimbalangondo chikakumana ndi chilombo chachikulu, chimakhala chodzitchinjiriza. Kuti atetezedwe, amayesetsa kutupa momwe angathere kukula, kudzaza matumba ake a m'mawere ndi mpweya, komanso kutuluka ndi miyendo yotambasulidwa. Ngati nyamayo, ikawona chule chachikulu chotere, sichichita mantha ndipo sichithawa, ndiye kuti yakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito poyizoni.
Mwa kuwulula zowawa zaukali kwa mdani, amawachepetsa msanga, ndikuwombera poyizoni pang'ono. Kuwombera koteroko nthawi zina kumafika mita imodzi - ndikokwanira kugunda chirombo. Ngati wafika pachilonda cha m'maso, poyizoniyo amatha khungu khungu nyama yaying'ono, kapenanso kupha yaying'ono. Aga akatulutsa poizoni, nsana wake umakutidwa ndi madzi oyera oyera, omwe amakhalanso ndi poizoni pang'ono.
Aga sadziwa kuthamangitsa nyama ndikusunthira pang'ono, ndipo pakangotsika pang'ono kutentha kumakhala kozizira komanso kumangoyenda ngati kuli kofunikira. M'nyengo youma, agi achule amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala achinyezi - nthawi imeneyi amafa ndi njala ndipo amakonda kudya anzawo. Nthawi zina aha toad amatha kudzikwilira panthaka yonyowa kuti atenge chinyezi - kotero kuti pamwamba pake pamamamatira.
Chosangalatsa: Toads molt ndipo eya siimodzimodzi. Amakwera kubisalako, amakula ndikudikirira khungu lakumbuyo kuti liphulike. Kenako khungu lenileni limayamba kuyenda kuchokera mthupi kupita kumutu, kenako chidole cha aha chimadya chokha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Toad eya
Ziphuphu za agi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, koma zimatha kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono; Anthu 3-4 a kugonana kulikonse nthawi zina amakhala pabowo limodzi - umu ndi momwe zisoti zimasungira chinyezi. Koma pakakhala chilala, amakonda kugawa gawolo. Mwambiri, gawo limodzi la aca toad ndi pafupifupi 32 mita lalikulu, ngakhale limatha kufikira 2-3 zikwi mita. Samateteza malire awo ndipo amawoloka mwaulere alendo.
Nyengo yokwanira ilibe nthawi yokhwima: chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala kopitilira 25 digiri Celsius. Amuna amayamba kulira mokweza modandaulira, ndipo kulirako kumatha kupitilira masiku angapo. Nthawi zina amaiwala za chakudya, chomwe chimawasokoneza kwambiri.
Mkazi amabwera kwa wamwamuna usiku. Palibe masewera okwatirana kupatula kuyimba omwe amaperekedwa mu zitsamba, chifukwa chake umuna umachitika mwachangu: mkazi amatulutsa mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amamupatsa feteleza. Zikatere, yamphongo, yomwe ndi yocheperapo poyerekeza ndi yaikazi, imatha kukhala pa iye kwamasiku angapo mpaka itayamba kubala.
Mu nyengo imodzi, munthu wamkulu amatha kuikira mazira kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 35,000, ndipo ambiri amakhala ndi umuna. Nthawi zina chachikazi ndi chachimuna pachokha chimadya kwambiri. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kupatsidwa umuna ndi amuna angapo. Caviar amakhala m'magulumagulu ndipo amamangiriridwa ku zomera kapena mitengo pafupi ndi madzi, ndipo pambuyo pake wamwamuna ndi wamkazi sasamala za ana amtsogolo.
Chosangalatsa: M'madera ofunda a nyengo, akazi amatha kubala kangapo pachaka.
Mazira amaswa maola 24-72. Mphemvu zifika pokhwima pogonana chaka chimodzi, kutalika kwa miyoyo ya zitsamba zakutchire sikudziwika. Pansi pa chisamaliro chapanyumba, atha kukhala zaka 10-13.
Adani achilengedwe a aga toad
Chithunzi: Toad Poizoni eya
Aga toad ili ndi adani ambiri, ngakhale ndiyotetezedwa.
Zowononga zazikulu zomwe zimasaka achule ndi awa:
- ng'ona zapakatikati - amakopeka ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mphonje, kupatula apo, ali ndi poizoni wake. Nthawi zambiri, ana a ng’ona amadya ndi chule;
- nkhanu;
- madzi ndi makoswe apansi;
- akhwangwala;
- zitsamba zam'mimba, adokowe, ma cranes nawonso amakhala ndi poizoni;
- agulugufe nymphs amadya tiana tating'ono ta aga toad, popeza alibe poizoni;
- mbozi zam'madzi zimasakanso tadpoles;
- akamba;
- njoka zopanda poizoni.
Chosangalatsa: Osati nyama zonse zomwe zimafuna kudya aga toad zomwe zimapulumuka pakuwombana ndi amphibian. Chulechi chimadziteteza mothandizidwa ndi tiziwalo takupha, ndipo nthawi zina chilombo chodabwitsacho chokha chimakhala chovutikira komanso chakudya cha mphalapala.
Kwenikweni, odyetsa amangodya lilime lokha chifukwa cha thanzi lake, ndipo nyama yomweyi imawopsyeza ndi kununkhiza kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu lolimba silidyeredwa bwino ndi zilombo zambiri, ndipo ena sangathe kuluma. Ndikosavuta kudya mimba ya mphamba, chifukwa ndi yofewa komanso yosatetezedwa ndi njerewere zopangidwa ndi keratinized, koma ziwalo zake zamkati ndizowopsa, motero adani ambiri sangakwanitse kutero.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Toad yoopsa eya
Chifukwa cha ululu wawo, kukula kwake ndi njira zawo zodzitetezera, agi toad sanakhalepo pafupi kutha. Amaberekana momasuka ndipo amakhala omasuka m'maiko ambiri. Pamene kubalalikana kwa kachilomboka, komwe kumadya mbewu, kumayambira ku Australia, zidagamulidwa kuti zizipanga zitsamba kumeneko.
The toad adapirira bwino ndi kachilomboka ka bango ndipo adakula bwino ku Australia. Koma olanda ku Australia sanali okonzeka kukumana ndi aga, popeza analibe njira zoteteza ku poizoni. Chifukwa chake, toad kuswana aha idakhala tsoka lenileni kwa nyama zaku Australia: nyama zomwe zimafuna kudya ndi chulezi zinafa chifukwa cha poyizoni. Chifukwa chaichi, kuwonongedwa kwa mitu ndi kutumizira anthu ku Australia kudayamba pofuna kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa nyama zachilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa: Pofuna kuthana ndi poizoni mwa adani a Australia, asayansi adamwaza nyama ndi timiyeso tating'onoting'ono ta aga toad. Nyama zimalavulira zakudya zakupha kapena chitetezo chakuthupi.
Agi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi tanthauzo pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, Amwenye aku South America adadzoza mivi yawo ndi poizoni wa agi. Mitundu ya Amaya idagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni wa zisoti ngati poyambira mankhwala. Mu 2008, zidadziwika kuti ululu wa aga toad umawononga ma cell a khansa. Mpaka pano, kafukufuku akuchitika pankhaniyi, yomwe sinatulutse zotsatira: poyizoni amawononganso maselo a khansa ya mbewa zoyeserera, koma mbewa zomwe zimafa nawo.
Aga achule ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo sikunatheretu. Kuchulukaku kumathandizanso kuti mitu iyi imatha kusungidwa kunyumba.Chisoti aha - amphibian wapadera yemwe wathandizira miyoyo ya anthu. Amawonetsa kusinthasintha kwakutali ndimikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi m'modzi mwa oimira osangalatsa a banja lake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/24/2019 pa 21:58
