Nyama yokongola yomwe imakhala ku Southeast Asia, imadziwika, choyambirira, kwa okonda khofi ngati "wopanga" wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma nyamayo ndi yotchuka, kuwonjezera pa "talente" yapadera, chifukwa chamtendere komanso kufulumira. Sizangochitika mwangozi kuti ma musangs, kapena, monga amatchulanso, ma palm martens, monga momwe zinyama zimatchulidwira, amawetedwa ndikusungidwa ngati ziweto.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyama yokongolayo ili ndi thupi lowonda komanso lalitali pamiyendo yayifupi. Musang pachithunzichi imapereka chithunzi cha wosakanizidwa wa mphaka ndi ferret. Chovala chotuwa ndichokhuthala, cholimba pamwamba, ndi chovala chamkati chofewa mkati.
Kumbuyo kumakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, m'mbali mwake ubweya umadziwika ndi mawanga akuda. Makutu, zikhomo nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda, pamutu wakuda wakuda muli chigoba choyera kapena mawanga oyera. Kusiyanasiyana kwakang'ono kwamtundu kumawoneka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chinyama chili ndi mutu wokulira, chopanikiza chopapatiza, pomwe pali maso akulu, otuluka pang'ono, mphuno yayikulu. Makapu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira amakhala osiyana. Nkhalango yeniyeni musang mlenjeyo ali ndi mano akuthwa, zikhadabo za miyendo yolimba, zomwe nyamayo imabisa mu ziyangoyango ngati zosafunikira, monga mphaka woweta. Nyama yothamanga komanso yosinthasintha imadziwa kukwera bwino kwambiri, imakhala makamaka mumitengo.
Kutalika msinkhu wogonana musanga pafupifupi masentimita 120 kuchokera pamphuno mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira, womwe umaposa theka la mita kukula kwake. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pakati pa 2.5 mpaka 4 kg. Malongosoledwe asayansi amtunduwu akuphatikizaponso lingaliro la hermaphroditus, lomwe molakwika limadziwika kuti ndi Musang chifukwa chamatope omwe amatuluka mwa amuna ndi akazi, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a gonads achimuna.
Musang amakhala m'mitengo nthawi zambiri.
Pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti cholinga cha limba ndikulemba madera akunyumba ndichinsinsi, kapena zonunkhira ndi fungo la musk. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Mitundu
M'banja la Vivver, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya musangs kutengera kusiyana kwa utoto waubweya:
- Asia musang imasiyanitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imamveka paubweya wakuda mthupi lonse. Pamimba pa nyama, mikwingwirima imasanduka mawanga owala;
- Sri—Lankan musang chifukwa cha mitundu yosawerengeka yokhala ndi mitundu kuyambira bulauni yakuda mpaka kufiyira, kuchokera ku golide wowala mpaka kufiyira kofiira. Nthawi zina anthu amtundu wowala wa beige amawoneka;
- South musang musang utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mdima pang'ono pamutu, pachifuwa, pamiyendo, mchira ndi chibadidwe. Anthu ena amakongoletsedwa ndi imvi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubweya: kuyambira beige wotumbululuka mpaka bulauni wakuya. Mchira nthawi zambiri umadziwika ndi nsonga zachikasu kapena zoyera.
Pali ma subspecies ambiri, alipo pafupifupi 30. Mitundu ina yaing'onoting'ono yomwe imakhala pazilumba za Indonesia, mwachitsanzo, P.h. philippensis, asayansi amatchula mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Palm martens amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, zotentha kwambiri m'chigawo chachikulu cha Indochina, zilumba zambiri ku South Asia. M'madera amapiri, nyamayi imakhala kumtunda mpaka mamita 2500. Malo achilengedwe a nyama ali ku Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand. M'malo ambiri musang nyama ndi mtundu womwe udayambitsidwa. Nyamazo zinali zodziwika bwino ku Japan, Java, Sulawesi.
Palm martens amagwira ntchito usiku. Masana, nyama zimagona m'maenje, pamafoloko a nthambi. Palm martens amakhala okha, m'nyengo yokha yoswana kumene kulumikizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumayamba.
Nyama ndizofala, zimawoneka m'mapaki, minda yam'munda, minda, pomwe ma martens amakopeka ndi mitengo yazipatso. Ngati munthu ali wamtendere kwa alendo akunkhalango, ndiye musangi makola, madenga, denga la nyumba zimakhala.
M'mayiko ena, a Musangs amasungidwa ngati ziweto.
Amapereka mawonekedwe awo ndi zochitika usiku, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakwiyitsa eni ake. Nyumba zomwe Musangs amakhala ngati ziweto, mulibe makoswe, mbewa, zomwe oimira ma viverrids amachita bwino. Ponena za eni ake, ma palm martens ndi achikondi, abwino, odekha.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyama zodya nyama ndi zamphongo - zakudyazo zimaphatikizira zakudya za nyama ndi zomera. Anthu okhala m'nkhalango ku Malay amasaka mbalame zazing'ono, kuwononga zisa, kugwira tizilombo, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ochokera kubanja la agologolo.
Palm martens ndi okonda zipatso zokoma za zomera, zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Chizoloŵezi cha zinyama ndi madzi a mgwalangwa wothira chadziwika. Anthu akomweko amadziwa bwino kukoma uku - kuchokera mumadzi omwe amapanga Toddy vinyo, wofanana ndi mowa. Mu ukapolo, ziweto zimadyetsedwa nyama, mazira a nkhuku, kanyumba kochepa mafuta, masamba osiyanasiyana, zipatso.
Chakudya chachikulu chomwe a Musang adatchuka ndi chipatso cha mtengo wa khofi. Nyama, ngakhale amakonda nyemba za khofi, amasankha. Nyama zimangodya zipatso zakupsa zokha.
Kuphatikiza pa nyemba za khofi, musangs amakonda kudya zipatso zokoma za mitengo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Musang nyama Amakhala yekhayekha, amakumana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo pafupipafupi 1-2 pachaka kokha kuti abereke. Achinyamata a palm palm martens amakula msinkhu pakadutsa miyezi 11 mpaka 12. Pachimake pa chonde m'madera otentha amagwera nthawi kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Disembala. Kudera lotentha, kuswana kumatenga chaka chonse.
Kulumikizana kwa nyama kumachitika panthambi zamitengo. Amuna ndi akazi samakhala pamodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Zovuta zakubala, kulera ana zili kwathunthu kwa amayi a Musang. Mimba imatenga masiku 86-90, m'mitundu ina masiku 60, m'ngalande ya ana 2-5, iliyonse imabadwa yolemera pafupifupi 90 g.
Asanawonekere ana, mkazi amakonzekera chisa chake chapadera mdzenje lakuya. Mayi amadyetsa zinyenyeswazi zatsopano ndi mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri, kenako mkazi amaphunzitsa ana kusaka, kupeza chakudya chawo, koma pang'onopang'ono amadyetsa anawo.
Kujambula ndi mwana wa musang
Mu mitundu ina, nthawi yakudya mkaka imafikira chaka. Mwambiri, kudziphatika kwa mayi nthawi zina kumakhala kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, mpaka, usiku, ma Musang achichepere amakhala ndi chidaliro pakupeza chakudya.
Pambuyo pake amapita kukasaka malo awoawo. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wanyama m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi zaka 7-10. Ziweto zomwe zili mu ukapolo, zosamalidwa bwino, zimakhala zaka 20-25.
Mu "Red Book" musang wamba subspecies P. hermaphroditus lignicolor adatchulidwa kuti ndi mitundu yovuta. Chimodzi mwazifukwa ndikusaka nyama nthawi zonse chifukwa chakumwa kwawo ndi khofi komanso nayonso mphamvu, chifukwa amamwa zakumwa zabwino kwambiri.
Zosangalatsa
Pali minda yonse momwe amalima marten a ku Malay kuti apeze nyemba za khofi zopangidwa ndi nyama. Mtundu wapadera wa khofi umatchedwa Kopy Luwak. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Indonesia, kuphatikiza mawu kumatanthauza:
- "Koperani" - khofi;
- "Luwak" ndi dzina la musang pakati paomwe akukhalamo.
Pochita chimbudzi, mbewu zomwe zimameza m'matumbo zimayamba kuthira, zomwe zimapatsa kukoma kwapadera. Njerezo sizigayidwa, koma zimasintha pang'ono mankhwala. Kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa mbewu kumachitika popanda zinthu zina zam'mbali. Ndowe zimasonkhanitsidwa, zouma padzuwa, kutsukidwa bwino, ndikuumanso. Kenako kuwotcha nyemba kumachitika.
Opanga khofi amazindikira zakumwa ngati zoyengedwa, zomwe zimafotokozera kufunikira kwa chinthu chapadera. Kutchuka, kukwera mtengo kwa khofi kudapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azisunga misangayi kuti apeze ndalama.
Sangalalani ndi khofi "musang luwak»Ku Vietnam kumawononga $ 5, ku Japan, America, Europe - kuchokera $ 100, ku Russia mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi 2.5-3,000 rubles. Khofi "Kopi Luwak" mu nyemba, zopangidwa ku Indonesia, pansi pa chizindikiro cha "Kofesko", cholemera 250 g, zimawononga ma ruble 5480.
Mtengo wokwera umachitika chifukwa choti kuberekana kwa nyama kumachitika kuthengo kokha, mwachilengedwe. Alimi amayenera kubwereranso nthawi zonse "opanga" zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zimapanga enzyme yofunikira miyezi 6 yokha pachaka. Kuti mupeze 50 g wa nyemba zosinthidwa, nyama zimayenera kudyetsa pafupifupi 1 kg ya zipatso za khofi patsiku.
Khofi wabwino amapezeka kuchokera kuzinyama zomwe zimakhala mwachilengedwe
Nsomba zomwe zimayikidwa pamtsinje zimatsogolera ku nyama zomwe zimasungidwa m'malo opanda ukhondo, zamphamvu. Chakumwa chomwe chimatsatiracho sichimakhalanso ndi fungo lenileni komanso zikhalidwe zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zizitchuka. Chifukwa chake, chakumwa chenicheni "Kopi Luvak" chimapezeka kokha kuchokera ku musangs wamtchire, omwe amangodya zipatso zakupsa zokha.
Khofi ndi wakuda kuposa Arabica wamba, kukoma kwake kumafanana ndi chokoleti, ndipo ukamamweka umatha kumva fungo la caramel. Zinachitika kuti khofi ndi musangi idakhala yathunthu, nyamayo mwanjira yapadera "zikomo" anthu chifukwa cha ufulu wawo komanso mwayi wopeza minda ya khofi.
