Kutentha kwa nayitrogeni m'chilengedwe

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Nitrogeni (kapena nayitrogeni "N") ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka mu biosphere, ndipo zimapanga kuzungulira. Pafupifupi 80% ya mpweya uli ndi chinthuchi, momwe ma atomu awiri amaphatikizidwa kuti apange molekyulu ya N2. Mgwirizano pakati pa ma atomuwa ndi wolimba kwambiri. Nayitrogeni, yomwe ili "yomangidwa", imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zamoyo zonse. Mamolekyu a nayitrogeni akagawanika, ma atomu a N amatenga nawo mbali pazosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma atomu azinthu zina. N nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya. Popeza muzinthu zotere kulumikizidwa kwa nayitrogeni ndi maatomu ena ndikofooka kwambiri, kumangoyamwa ndi zamoyo.

Kodi kayendedwe ka nayitrogeni kamagwira ntchito motani?

Nayitrogeni imazungulira m'chilengedwe kudzera munjira zotsekedwa komanso zolumikizana. Choyamba, N imamasulidwa pakuwonongeka kwa zinthu m'nthaka. Zomera zikamalowa m'nthaka, zinthu zamoyo zimatulutsa nayitrogeni mmenemo, motero zimazisintha kukhala mamolekyulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kagayidwe kachakudya. Ma atomu otsala amaphatikizana ndi ma atomu azinthu zina, pambuyo pake amamasulidwa ngati ammonium kapena ammonia ions. Kenako nayitrogeni amamangiriridwa ndi zinthu zina, pambuyo pake ma nitrate amapangidwa, omwe amalowa mmera. Zotsatira zake, N amatenga nawo gawo pakuwoneka kwama molekyulu. Udzu, zitsamba, mitengo ndi zomera zina zikafa, zimalowa pansi, nayitrogeni amabwerera pansi, pambuyo pake kuzungulira kumayambiranso. Nayitrogeni amatayika ngati ndi gawo la zinthu zosungunuka, amasandulika mchere ndi miyala, kapena panthawi yoletsa mabakiteriya.

Nayitrogeni m'chilengedwe

Mlengalenga mulibe matani 4 a quadrillion a N, koma matani pafupifupi 20 thililiyoni mu Nyanja Yadziko Lonse. matani. Gawo limenelo la nayitrogeni lomwe lilipo m'zinthu zamoyo ndi pafupifupi 100 miliyoni. Mwa awa, matani 4 miliyoni ali m'zinyama ndi zinyama, ndipo matani otsala a 96 miliyoni ali m'zinthu zazing'onozing'ono. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu la nayitrogeni limapezeka m'mabakiteriya, omwe N amamangidwa. Chaka chilichonse, pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana, matani 100-150 a nayitrogeni amamangidwa. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chinthuchi kumapezeka mu feteleza amchere omwe anthu amapanga.

Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira kwa N ndi gawo limodzi lachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha izi, kusintha kosiyanasiyana kumachitika. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya anthropogenic, kusintha kwa nayitrogeni kumasintha, koma pakadali pano izi sizowopsa pachiwopsezo cha chilengedwe.

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