Kutsitsimutsidwa kwa masika kwa chilengedwe ndikosatheka kulingalira popanda mbalame zokoma za mbalame zazing'ono, kukula kwa mpheta yayikulu. Mbalame ya Greenfinch amakopa ndi nthenga zowala, kuyimba kwaphokoso. Sizidachitika mwangozi kuti mbalamezi zidatchedwa kuti nkhalangozi za m'nkhalango.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe osazolowereka adapatsa dzinali mitundu. Nthenga za masamba obiriwira ndimtundu wobiriwira wachikasu wobiriwira wokhala ndi utoto wa azitona. Mchira ndiwopanda komanso wokongoletsedwa ndi malire a mandimu. Masaya akuda, maso amdima wakuda, milomo imvi zimapereka chithunzi chowonekera kwa cholengedwa chanthenga chochokera kubanja lakumaloko. Greenfinch pachithunzichi - kukongola kwenikweni kwa nkhalango.
Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 16, kulemera kwa mbalame imodzi ndi 25-35 g, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 30-35. Thupi la greenfinch ndilolimba, litalitali pang'ono. Mutu ndi waukulu, mlomo ndi wamphamvu, wowoneka bwino, mchira ndi wolunjika, wamfupi. Akatswiri a mbalame amavomereza ubale wa mbalame ndi kubangula ndi mpheta, zomwe zimawoneka mofanana.
Maganizo azakugonana ndiwofatsa. Pamaso pa molt woyamba, zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, ndiye kuti mtundu wamphongowo umakhala wakuda kuposa wa akazi. Mbalamezi zimamveka bwino kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene ntchito imakula m'nyengo yoswana. Pambuyo pake chilimwe, nthawi zina kuyimba greenfinch zimalumikizananso ndi polyphony ya mbalame zam'nkhalango, zikamayimbanso ndi muluzu wodekha uku zikudya.
Kuopa kwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumakakamiza mbalame zazing'ono kukhala chete, osati kuti ziwonetse kupezeka kwawo, koma m'malo abwino, mbalamezo zikakhala kuti zili zotetezeka, mutha kusangalala ndi mawu achilendo a okhala m'nkhalango.
Poimba, kumveka kwamphamvu kwamamveka, komwe ma greenfinches wamba amadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, wolemba nyimboyo amakhala wamwamuna atakhala pamwamba pamtengo m'mawa. Kwa akazi, amaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito ndi chiwonetsero cha kuthawa.
Mverani kuyimba kwa greenfinch
Tiyi wamba wamba yogawidwa ku Eurasia konse. Malingana ndi malo amene amakhala, mbalame zimasamuka kuti zikapulumutse chimfine m'nyengo yozizira m'malo awo. Maulendo obiriwira obiriwira m'magulu ochepa ochokera kumpoto chakumpoto amayamba mu Seputembara - Okutobala, mbalame zimathamangira kumalo otentha ndi chakudya chochuluka - Central Asia, Africa. Molting imachitika pakusamuka.
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zazing'ono, zopanda mbalame zambiri zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe pakati pa mbalame ndi nyama zodya nyama. Greenfinches ndizosavuta kudya nyama zodya nyama, akhwangwala am'mizinda, amphaka am'misewu, ma ferrets. Ngakhale njoka, zomwe zimagwira mbalame pansi zikudya, zimadyanso mbalame.
Zisa za mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka, pomwe zolusa zopanda pake sizimalola anapiye kuti amenye kapena kukula paulendo wawo woyamba. Kutengeka kwa mbalame kumapangitsa kuti nthawi zambiri igwere pazomwe zakhazikitsidwa kuti zigwire mbalame zazikulu.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimaŵetedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zapakhomo. Amasanduka owuma, amasangalatsa eni ake ndi nthenga zokongola, ma trous sonorous. Chofunikira ndikutengera kusintha, kudzichepetsa kwa mbalame, zomwe zimasungidwa ngati ma budgies kapena canaries.
Mitundu
Malo achilengedwe a greenfinches, kuphatikiza Europe, North Africa, akula chifukwa chobweretsa mbalame ku New Zealand, South America, Australia. Mitundu yaying'ono ya mbalame imasiyana kukula, mtundu wa nthenga, mawonekedwe a milomo, kusamuka, chikhalidwe.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yaku Europe, palinso:
- Chitchaina;
- wamutu wakuda;
- tiyi wobiriwira wachikasu (Himalayan) wobiriwira.
Mbalamezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika masana, mawonekedwe amawu, zosokoneza chakudya, machitidwe. Tiyi wobiriwira waku China amagawidwa makamaka ku Asia. Ku Russia, imapezeka pazilumba za Kuril, Sakhalin, ku Primorye.
Kuphatikiza pa ma subspecies omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe, amateurs aku Western Europe amachita nawo mtundu wobiriwira wa greenfinch. Anthu osakanizidwa odziwika powoloka ndi ma canaries, linnet, siskin, goldfinches. Ndikofunika kuti mbeu isungebe chonde.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Greenfinch amakhala ponseponse. Ku Russia, amapezeka kumpoto chakumpoto kwa Kola Peninsula, kumalire akumwera - m'chigawo cha Stavropol. Mbalame zimatha kuwona ku Kaliningrad kumadzulo kwa dzikolo, zigawo za Far East mdzikolo. Mbalame zachete zimakhazikika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zina zimakumana muwiri, zimatha kukhala m'modzi m'modzi.
Amakonda kusonkhana m'magulu pamitengo m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, apolisi, malo opaka ndi nkhalango zochepa. Nkhalango sizimakopa zobiriwira zobiriwira, koma mitengo iliyonse yokhala ndi korona wandiweyani imafunika kuti mbalame zisale. Malo omwe mumawakonda ndi malo opepuka ndi apolisi, nkhalango zazing'ono zosakanikirana, malo okulirapo, minda yokumba m'minda.
Greenfinches amakhala mwamtendere ndi mbalame zina, nthawi zina amapanga gulu losakanikirana pakudya kwambiri. Ndi nthenga zawo zobiriwira, mbalame zimatha kuwonedwa pakati pa mpheta, mbalame zazingwe. Mbalame zimakhala m'madera omwe ali pafupi ndi malo olimapo - minda ya mpendadzuwa, hemp, ndi mbewu zina.
Madera akumidzi ndi kunja kwa mzinda amakopa mbalame ndi chakudya chawo. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimadya pansi, pomwe zimayenda molimba mtima, zimalumpha pofunafuna chakudya. Mbalame zosamukasamuka zimabwerera kumadera osamanga, kuyambira koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka koyambirira kwa Epulo, zimangothyola awiriwo.
Maulendo apano a greenfinches achimuna amafanana ndi maulendo a mileme. Mbalameyi imawuluka mwachangu, ndikupanga ma arcs, ndiye, ikufutukula mapiko ake, imauluka isanafike. Kuwonetsera kwa kupindika kumatha kuwonedwa mukamathamanga mbalame. Amanyamuka mwamphamvu, amachita ma pirouette angapo kumtunda, ndikudina mapiko awo ndikuthamangira pansi.
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mbalame zobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amayenda kukafunafuna chakudya. Mbalame zimakopeka kunja kwa minda, minda yamasamba, malamba a m'nkhalango, zitsamba. Greenfinches amapanga forays pa mbewu za hemp, mpendadzuwa, amakhala m'minda yamphesa. Mbalame sizimapanga gulu lalikulu; kuchuluka kwa anthu m'magulu ang'onoang'ono sikupitilira khumi ndi atatu.
Greenfinch - mbalame yochenjera m'malo achilengedwe. Koma ali mu ukapolo, amayamba kuzolowera zikhalidwe zatsopano, chifukwa chongokhala. Anthu ena amayamba kuyimba mu khola kuyambira tsiku loyamba, ena amafunika kuzolowera mkati mwa miyezi 2-3. Kukhala panyumba ndizotheka limodzi ndi mbalame zina zamtendere.
Zelenushka amaloleza kuti atengeredwe m'manja, chifukwa chake amangokhalira kunyengerera. Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zinthu, chisamaliro chofewa, ochita masewera nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza zobiriwira, samazigwiritsa ntchito pokonza nyumba. Akatswiri azachipembedzo amawona ngati nyimbo yongomveka ngati ukwati.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za mbalame ndizosiyanasiyana. Greenfinches amatha kuonedwa kuti ndi omnivorous, chifukwa chakudyacho chimakhala ndi chomera, chakudya cha nyama. M'chilimwe, mbalame zimakonda tizilombo, mphutsi zawo. Greenfinches amadya kafadala kakang'ono, ntchentche, nyerere, mbozi. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, m'dzinja, chakudya chimakhala chachikulu.
Mbewu, zipatso, mtedza wa paini zipse. Mbalame zimadya mphatso zam'minda - mapira, tirigu, mpendadzuwa, musazengereze ku manyuchi, kugwiriridwa, sipinachi. Mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana, namsongole, mitundu yonse ya zitsamba, masamba a mitengo, ndi zipatso za rowan zimakhala chakudya.
Mbewu zazikulu za mbalame zimathamangitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mulomo, zimamezedwa pambuyo poyeretsa kuchokera ku zipolopolo zolimba. Zimazindikira kuti zipatso zakupsa za mlombwa zimakhala zokoma mwapadera za greenfinches. M'nyumba zazing'ono zanyengo yotentha, mbalame zimadya mbewu za irgi kuchokera ku zipatso zomwe sizinathenso, nthawi zambiri zimawononga minda yamphesa.
Mbalame zazikulu, mosiyana ndi ana, zimadyetsa nthawi zambiri pansi. Anapiye nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa chakudya chamasamba monga amadyera, tirigu ndi njere zothiramo mbewu. Zipatso zobiriwira zopangidwa kunyumba zimadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku, nthawi zambiri m'mawa.
Zakudyazo zimachokera ku mbewu ndi chimanga, zosakaniza za canaries, zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'madipatimenti azinyama. Mutha kuyamwa nkhuku ndi zidutswa za zipatso, zipatso, mtedza, ndipo nthawi zina mumapereka mphutsi zodyeramo. Ndikofunika kupatsa mbalame madzi akumwa oyera mwaulere.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mbalame zimayamba kuberekana pakatikati pa masika. Nthawi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Nyimbo za amuna munthawi imeneyi zimamveka bwino. Ma trills omwe amalowetsedwa ndi kulira, akuphatikizanso mawonekedwe ena.
Phokoso lomwe limatulutsidwa limafanana ndi kugogoda mikanda ing'onoing'ono, yomwe imawoneka kuti ikugubuduza m'khosi mwa mbalame pogogoda mwamphamvu. Greenfinch wamwamuna Kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito ndi kupindika mlengalenga kuti akope wamkazi wabwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo pawiri, gawo lachilengedwe lachilengedwe limayamba. Amapanga dongosolo kuchokera ku nthambi zowonda, moss, udzu, masamba, mizu greenfinch wamkazi. Malowa, monga lamulo, amasankhidwa ndi mbalame mu mphanda m'mitengo yomwe ili kutalika kwa mita 2 kuchokera pansi. Pali zisa pamwamba penipeni pa korona wandiweyani wa mitengo.
Ngati kusinthana kwa nthambi kulola, pamtengo umodzi zisa zingapo zimakhala nthawi imodzi m'malo obisika. Mbale zokhala ndi mipanda yolimba yoberekera ana sizimawoneka bwino kunja, koma mkatikati mwa thireyi mumadzaza ndi masamba, ubweya, nthenga, nthawi zina tsitsi la mahatchi, ndi masamba ofunda.
Mazira oyamba oyera otuwa okhala ndi mabala akuda amapezeka kumapeto kwa Epulo. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala clutch. Ndi mkazi yekhayo amene amakulitsa anawo kwa masiku 12-14, koma makolo onsewo amachita nawo ntchito yolera anapiye. Yaimuna, pomwe yaikazi ili kalikiliki kufesa, imampatsa chakudya.
Aliyense greenfinch mwana wankhuku amatuluka dzira maliseche, akhungu, opanda thandizo. Makolo amabweretsa chakudya kwa ana awo mpaka maulendo 50 patsiku, nthawi yomweyo kukhutitsa zinyenyeswazi zonse zomwe zikukula mofulumira. Anapiye amadyetsa mbewu zofewa, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, achichepere amakhala okonzeka kuti atulukemo pachisa ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Anawo akafuna kuuluka koyamba, chilimbikitso cha makolo, makamaka chachimuna, posamalira ana chimasungidwa.
Pomwe yamphongo ikubweretsabe nsikidzi zazing'ono zomwe zikukula, yaikazi yayamba kale kupanga mbale yatsopano yothira mazira. Ntchito zapanja yachiwiri zatha, mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayanjana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono osamukasamuka.
Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbalame zimapeza nyonga, kukonzekera ndege. Pakati pa nyengoyi, mbalamezi zimatha kuikira mazira katatu komanso zimaweta anapiye atsopano. Kuswana kwa mbalame zogwidwa ndikosowa. Ngakhale tikulimbikitsidwa kuti azisunga zobiriwira zobiriwira awiriawiri, mantha awo achilengedwe salola kuti mbalame zomwe zili mchikwere ziziberekana.
Kutalika kwa moyo m'chilengedwe cha greenfinches sikupitilira zaka 13, ngati mbalameyo isanakhale cholusa. Pazinthu zabwino zapanyumba, nthawi yamoyo imakulira mpaka zaka 15-17.
Zosangalatsa
Mbalame yochezeka, yolengeza zakubwera kwa masiku ofunda, idadziwika kalekale. M'masiku akale amatchedwa ryadovka, kapena grubby. Ngati m'mbuyomu dera la greenfinch silidapitirire malire a Europe, zilumba za Nyanja ya Mediterranean, ndiye pang'ono ndi pang'ono birdie amadziwa malo am'mayiko ena, ngakhale samapanga ndege zazikulu zosamukira.
Mitundu ya greenfinch yokhazikika yomwe imasamukira kumadera ofunda siyimasiya zisa zawo konse, koma kuchokera kumadera ozizira imawulukira nthawi yachisanu kumalire akumwera kwa malowo. Chifukwa chake, mchaka, mbalame zimapezeka m'malo omwe zimakonda kumayambiriro, chimodzi mwazoyamba. Mitengo ya nkhalango, momwe amatchulidwira, imadziwitsani ndi ma sonorous trill pakubwera kwa masika.
Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amavomereza kuti m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi kukaikira mazira koyambirira, zomangamanga zisagwa pa nthambi za conifers (spruce, fir), cedar elfin. Ntchito yomangidwanso pambuyo pake imachitika pakati pa nsalu za elderberry, zomwe nthawi imeneyo nthambi zake zimakhala ndi masamba, pamaluwa akutchire, msondodzi, thundu, birch.
Zimadziwika kuti nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za mbalame zimatha kumveka mchaka. Nthawi yolumikiza, amuna mwaluso amawonetsa maluso achilengedwe kuti akope akazi achikazi oyenera kwambiri. Zikagwidwa ukapolo, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala chete.
Greenfinches amalira mnyumba momwemo, osunga chibadwa chachilengedwe, amasangalatsa eni ake ndikusefukira kwamawu. Kuyankhulana ndi mbalame ya m'nkhalango kumakweza mzimu wanu, kumabweretsa makanema ojambula masika ngakhale kumapeto kwamasabata.
