Poyamba tinkaganiza kuti akalulu ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zokongola, zotchulidwa m'nthano za ana. Zotupa zaubweya wokhala ndi makutu otalikirana, ofatsa komanso amanyazi, ndizosavuta komanso zosangalatsa kusamalira m'manja mwanu. Tiyeni tikudabwitseni - mtundu wa kalulu wa Flanders ndi wofanana mofanana ndi tiana tating'ono kapena galu wamkulu.
Amamutcha - chimphona cha ku Belgian kapena chimphona cha Flemish. Ndipo chifukwa chake ali ndi mayinawa, nyama yodabwitsa bwanji, chomwe amadya komanso momwe angachisamalire, tidzayesa kukuwuzani.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Chimphona cha ku Belgian chimachokera ku Flanders, dera lakumpoto kwa Belgium, komwe kumatchedwa Flemish. Ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri, chifukwa amadziwika kuti akalulu oyamba kukula kwambiri adabadwa m'zaka za zana la 16 pafupi ndi mzinda wa Ghent.
Amakhulupirira kuti flandre inachokera kwa anthu akuluakulu a Old Flemish magazi, omwe anapangidwa kale, ndipo pakali pano sanapulumuke. N'zotheka kuti magazi a akalulu a Patagonian ochokera ku Argentina adawonjezeredwa kwa mbadwa zawo.
Palinso mtundu wina wodabwitsa kwambiri kuti awa ndi mbadwa za miyala yakale yamiyala, yomwe inali yayikulu kukula ndikukhala m'mapanga. Ngakhale tsopano ndizovuta kumvetsetsa momwe adadutsa ndi nyama zoweta. Ngakhale zitakhala bwanji, ntchito yoswana idachitika kwa zaka mazana atatu, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 19, mphekesera zakuya kwamphamvu kwambiri izi zidachokera ku Belgium.
Zimadziwika kuti mbiri yoyamba ya kalulu wa Flemish idalembedwa mu 1860 zokha. Mwini wazambiri zakunja, ubweya wokongola komanso nyama yambiri sakanatha kuzindikirika. Komabe, chidwi chochepa chidaperekedwa kwa iye poyamba.
Miyezo yoyamba kubadwa inalembedwa mu 1893, chimphona cha Flemish chitatumizidwa ku England kenako ku America. Adawoloka ndi mitundu ina ndikulandila mitundu yatsopano, nthambi zoyambira zidayamba. Anayamba kuwonekera pazionetsero kuyambira 1910.
Flandre kalulu
Mu 1915, bungwe la National Federation of Flemish Rabbit Breeders lidapangidwa, lomwe likulimbikitsabe mtunduwu. Anabweretsedwanso kudera lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, koma sizinakhazikike chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta, koma zimathandizira kubzala ziweto imvi chimphona.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu
Kalulu flandre - woimira wamphamvu mdziko lake, mwina amatha kutchedwa kuti akalulu akulu kwambiri. Zimphona za Flemish zimadziwika chifukwa cha kumvera ndi kuleza mtima, motero ndizosangalala kukhala ziweto.
Sichachabe kuti amatchedwanso "zimphona zofatsa" komanso "akalulu apadziko lonse lapansi". Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana - monga chiweto, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuswana, komanso ngati ubweya ndi nyama.
Ngwazi izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi misa yayikulu komanso "zovuta" zina. "Khanda" limalemera makilogalamu 6 mpaka 10, zitsanzo zina zimakula mpaka makilogalamu 12. Ku Britain, zolemera zolemera 25 kg zinalembedwa. Thupi limakhala lalitali. Kumbuyo kuli kowongoka, koma nthawi zina kumawomba. Khosi ndi lalifupi, limawoneka "lolowa" m'thupi.
Makutu akulu ali ngati masamba a burdock. Mutu ndi wawukulu, wokhala ndi masaya okhwima komanso mphuno yayikulu. Ndevuzo ndi zazing'ono ndipo sizimawoneka kwambiri. Maso ali ndi mdima wakuda, wakuya pang'ono. Chifuwa cha nyama ndi masentimita 35 mpaka 45 mu girth, chomwe ndi chisonyezo chachikulu.
Mapazi ndi wandiweyani komanso olimba, miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yaifupi, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali. Mchira ndi wautali, wopindika. Chofunikira pamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa zikhadabo. Ayenera kukhala mthunzi wofanana ndi ubweya. Mtundu waubweya wovomerezeka ndi woyera, wamchenga, wamchenga wofiirira, wamdima wakuda komanso wakuda.
Kukula kwa mtundu wa Flanders ndikopatsa chidwi
Posachedwa, zitsanzo za siliva, phulusa, mchenga wofiyira, buluu komanso ngakhale lalanje zawoneka. Chovalacho ndi cholimba, chofewa komanso chokhuthala. Kutalika kwa tsitsilo mpaka 3.5 cm. Flandre pachithunzichi Zikuwoneka monga zikuyimira muyezo - wabwino komanso wosinthika. "Ubweya" wake umawonjezera mawonekedwe osangalatsa "akunyumba".
Pazochezera, chikondi ndiubwenzi, kalulu nthawi zambiri amagulidwa ngati chiweto, m'malo mwa galu kapena mphaka. Amakhulupirira mogwirizana ndi mwini wake, wanzeru, womvera, amakonda kusewera ndi ana. Kuphatikiza apo, sizowopsa kuti chimphona chikhale m'nyumba ndi nyama zina. Zimalimbikitsa kulemekeza kukula kwake.
Zizindikiro zamtundu wamtundu
Purebred Flanders ayenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- Makutu ndi otakata, owongoka, osindikizira, m'mphepete mwapamwamba ndi malire akuda, kuyambira 17 mpaka 25 cm;
- Masaya ake ndi akulu komanso olimba;
- Chifuwacho ndi chachikulu komanso chachikulu m'lifupi;
- Thupi limafika kutalika kwa 90 cm;
- Kulemera kwa kalulu wa miyezi isanu ndi itatu kumachokera ku 6 mpaka 7 kg;
Palibe kukanidwa ndi utoto, miyezo iliyonse yolandiridwa ndiolandilidwa.
Cholakwika chimaganiziridwa:
- Kulemera kwakuthupi kwa akalulu, anthu ang'onoang'ono amaphedwa;
- Kupanda kunenepa mukamakula;
- Kukula kosakhazikika pamutu, kusasunga kufanana kumatengedwa ngati ukwati;
- Kutalika khutu zosakwana 17 cm;
- Chizolowezi chankhanza, kusasunthika kwa nyama.
Mitundu
Monga tanenera kale, mtundu wa Flemish unalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa mitundu yambiri ya akalulu. Ali ndi dzina lodziwika kuti "zimphona", koma malo obadwira ndi osiyana. Kuphatikiza pa chimphona cha ku Belgian, mitundu iyi imadziwika:
- Chiphona choyera... Albino wamba wamaso ofiira. Amayambanso ku Belgium koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th. Obereketsawo adasankha nyama zokhala ndi khungu loyera lokha pakati pazomwe zimapangidwazo ndikukonzekera zotsatira zake. Ntchito yofananayo inachitika ku Germany. Amadziwika ndi mafupa awo owonda kwambiri, malamulo abwino komanso nyama yokoma.
- Vienna chimphona chamtambo... Komanso mbadwa ya chimphona cha ku Belgian, ili ndi chovala chokwanira chobiriwira cha buluu. Ali ndi thupi lamphamvu, kubereka komanso thanzi labwino. Kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. Adaphunzitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th ku Austria.
- Chiphona chaku Germany (mtundu wa Riesen). Inalandiridwa ku Germany kumapeto kwa 19th - koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th. Ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya utoto - imvi, buluu, wakuda, wachikaso, golide. Zimasiyana ndi Belgian ndikukula msanga, koma kutha msinkhu. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo.
- Imphona yakuda kapena chimphona cha Poltava. Wolembedwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi katswiri wa zootechnology ku Ukraine A.I. Kaplevsky. Ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, makutu atali komanso mawonekedwe abwino omwe adalandira kuchokera ku Belgian. Zimasiyana ndi kholo lokhala ndi ubweya wopepuka, wabuluu waimvi, kokha ndi msana wowongoka (kumbukirani kuti mu flandr imatha "kuwumbidwa"), khungu lotsika kwambiri, "wokhala ku Poltava" limayamba kunenepa mwachangu komanso amakhala ndi miyendo yayifupi.
- Chiphona chasiliva... Thupi ndi lalikulu, koma lophweka. Omera ku USSR wakale pafupi ndi Tula komanso mdera la Poltava. Tsopano imasindikizidwanso ku Tatarstan. Mtundu wa chivundikirocho ndi wachiwiri kwa mtundu wotchuka wa chinchilla komanso wakuda bulauni.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ingapo ya "ram-kalulu", yotchedwa mawonekedwe a chigaza. Zimaphatikizapo ma subspecies ambiri - French, Germany, English, Meissen. Ziwetozi zimalemera 5-8 kg, zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chofananira, makutu atali ndi ubweya wakuda. Kapangidwe kake kosakhala koyenera kwamakutu kwapangitsa kuti amve zoyipa, chifukwa chake alibe mantha.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtunduwo
Zabwino zake pamtunduwu ndi monga:
- Kudzichepetsa mu chakudya.
- Kubereka kwabwino.
- Kudya kwambiri akalulu obadwa kumene - akazi ali ndi mkaka wambiri, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri.
- Kupulumuka kwabwino kwa akalulu.
- Kukula msanga kwa ana.
- Khalidwe lomvera.
- Kukaniza matenda ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Kulemera kwa mtundu wa Flanders kumafikira 10kg
Makhalidwe oyipa:
- Kutha msinkhu kokwanira.
- Zokolola za nyama ndi 55-60%. Ngakhale kulingalira kukula kwa kalulu kumayimba, ndalamazo ndi zazikulu. Munthu wapakati amakhala ndi pafupifupi 4 kg ya nyama yoyera. Kalulu wamkulu, ndiye chinthu chothandiza kwambiri.
- Kupindika kobadwa kwa miyendo. Izi zimachitika kuti kalulu amakhala ndi ana okhala ndi miyendo yopanda chitukuko komanso yopindika.
- Avereji ya zikopa. Mafinya ambiri okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chivundikirocho chikhoza kukhala chosagwirizana.
- Dyera komanso njala nthawi zonse.
- Mtengo wokwera wa "zoperewera".
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Choyamba muyenera kusankha malo akalulu. Malo ofunda ndi owuma, opanda zojambula, amasankhidwa kuti khola likhale. Khola liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuti lifanane ndi ziweto. Makulidwe osachepera 170x80x60 cm. Ngati kalulu ali ndi ana mu khola, ndiye kuti - 170x110x60 cm.
Kukula kwa khola ndikofunikira kuteteza ana kuti asapondereredwe ndi amayi. Ndikofunikira kupereka osayenera ndi omwera ndi odyetsa. Omwe azimwa nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala wokhuta, makamaka kwa kalulu woyamwitsa. Panali milandu yomwe, chifukwa chosowa madzi, mkaziyo amadya anawo.
Ndikofunikira kuyeretsa malo nthawi zonse, akalulu ndi nyama zoyera kwambiri. Akalulu akuluakulu amadyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku mu khola lotetezedwa ku mphepo ndi dzuwa. Zida zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pansi - matabwa, zouma zouma. Palibe zida zopangira kapena maukonde. Izi zitha kubweretsa matenda komanso kuvulaza nyama.
Mitunduyi imakhala yosasamala, imapilira nyengo zonse, kupatula chisanu choopsa. A nsonga yaing'ono - kupereka kuunikira ndi Kutentha kwa osayenera, pa masiku yozizira yochepa alibe kuwala ndi kutentha.
Pafupifupi zaka 45, akalulu amatemera katemera wa myxomatosis (matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi kutentha kwambiri, mapangidwe a zotupa, zotupa pamutu komanso kutupa kwamaso). Nthawi yomweyo, katemerayu amapangidwira matenda otuluka magazi.
Nthawi zina katemera wovuta amachitika - jakisoni 2 pambuyo pa masiku 15. Koma njira zonse zimayendetsedwa motsogozedwa ndi a veterinarian. Mukawona kutopa, kusasamala, kukula kulikonse, kuyabwa kapena mawanga osayembekezereka pa thupi la nyama, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbali yaikulu ya zakudya za flands ndi kusakhutira kwawo. Amakonda kudya, koma amafunikira chakudya chambiri. M'mawa amapatsidwa chakudya chowutsa mudyo ndipo ena amalowerera (50-60 g), nthawi yamasana - udzu watsopano kapena udzu wouma, madzulo mutha kuwapatsa silage komanso 50-60 g wa concentrate. Muyenera kuwadyetsa nthawi yomweyo.
Zitsamba zatsopano zimafota kale padzuwa. Zakudya zatsopano zimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Sikuloledwa kupereka mizu yakuda kwa nyama yokongoletsa. Choyamba muyenera kutsuka bwino mankhwala ndikupera. Balere ndi keke zimaphwanyidwa, ndipo nyemba zimanyowa kwa maola 3-4.
Onetsetsani chakudya chatsopano, musagwiritse ntchito chakudya chonyowa kapena chowola. Ndipo musadyetse nsonga za nightshades (tomato, biringanya, mbatata), komanso nthambi za mitengo yazipatso zamiyala, ma elderberries ndi zitsamba zapoizoni. Musagwiritse ntchito zakudya zowuma. Nayi imodzi mwa maphikidwe a masamba a flandra:
- Dzungu kapena zukini - gawo limodzi;
- mbatata yophika - mtengo umodzi;
- Beet wodyetsa - magawo 5;
- Kaloti - 1 gawo.
Muthanso kuwonjezera chakudya chamagulu pamenepo. Phala lamphongo limapangidwa ndi barele kapena tirigu, oats - magawo awiri chilichonse, chimanga ndi keke - gawo limodzi. Ndiponso tikukumbutsani za madzi. Kwa nyama yayikulu, ndikofunikira.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kuyamba akalulu oswana a mtundu wa Flanders, muyenera kudziwa nuance yofunikira. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ziphona zazikulu zaku Belgian zimakhwima mochedwa, pasanathe miyezi 8. Koma ichi ndichinthu chowonjezera pakubereka ndikubereka ana athanzi. Mimba imatenga masiku 25-28 ndipo siyovuta.
Kubereka kumakhalanso kosavuta, pali akalulu osachepera 8 mu zinyalala. Iliyonse imalemera pafupifupi 80-100 g.Msabata zoyambirira amayi amasamalira tiana. Amawadyetsa mkaka wopatsa thanzi. Sinthani madzi pafupipafupi, osachepera katatu patsiku. Pakatha milungu itatu, anawo amatuluka m'chisa ndikuyesera kuyesa chakudya cha akalulu akuluakulu.
Mwiniwake akuyenera kuchotsa chakumwa choledzeretsa cha mayi ndikuthira mankhwala mchipinda chonse. Ana okulira amayenera kuyesedwa tsiku lililonse. Mukawona zovuta zilizonse, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Pafupifupi, akalulu amakhala zaka 5-6, koma mosamala, nthawi imatha kuwonjezeka mpaka zaka 8.
Mtengo ndi ndemanga
Mtengo wa kalulu wa Flandre imawerengedwa kuti ndi yayikulu. Kwa kalulu wa miyezi itatu, mutha kulipira kuchokera ku 800 mpaka 1200 rubles. Ndi bwino kugula nyama kuchokera kwa oweta odalirika m'minda yamakalulu yovomerezeka. Mukatero mudzakhala otsimikiza za ziweto zanu zonse komanso zowoneka bwino.
Musanagule, funsani eni ake odziwa zambiri za kuswana ndikusaka ndemanga pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, patsamba la otzovik mutha kuwerenga izi:
- Wokhala ku Lipetsk, Olga: "Ndidayamba kuweta mtunduwu zaka 3 zapitazo, izi sizinali zachilendo kwa ine. Ndinagula akalulu ndipo sindinadandaule. Mitundu yayikulu yopanda ulemu. Kuchepetsa ndalama kwakanthawi. Akazi ndi amayi abwino. Akalulu onse ali amoyo ... ".
- Rostov-on-Don, Emil: “Ndinakhala mwini wokondwa wa kalulu wakuda wakuda Flandre. Sindinayembekezere kuti munthu wabwino ngati kalulu. Wanzeru, womvera komanso wamkulu, ndikulota chabe ... ".
- Snezhnoe, Ukraine, Igor: "Ndakhala ndikuyesera kubzala akalulu kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu. Pali akalulu ambiri, koma amapsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Yaikulu, anakonza khola kangapo. Amadya kwambiri. Koma zotsalazo ndi mtundu wabwino komanso wodekha ... ".
