Wodya njuchi - mbalame yokongola kwambiri ku Europe, ndipo amatchedwa motero. Mumitundu yonse yazithunzi za mbalameyi, mutha kuwona kuwala kwake kosiyanasiyana. Kambalame kakang'ono kokongola kameneka sikangasokonezeke ndi inzake, ndipo kulira kwake kochititsa chidwi "schurr schurr" komweko kumanena yemwe ali patsogolo panu. Dzina lina odya njuchi.
Wodya njuchi wagolide
Habitat ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame yaying'ono iyi ndi ya Raksha-like, banja lodya njuchi. Anthu ambiri amakhala kumadera otentha komanso otentha ku Africa; Mitunduyi imapezekanso kumwera kwa Europe, Asia, Madagascar, New Guinea ndi Australia.
Gawani Wodya njuchi wagolide, yomwe ndi mbalame yosamuka, ndipo imawulukira ku Africa kapena India nthawi yachisanu. Malire akumpoto amagawidwe ku Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Iberia Peninsula, kumpoto kwa Italy. Amakhala pafupifupi konse ku Turkey, Iran, Northern Iraq ndi Afghanistan.
Mayiko ofunda a Mediterranean ali pafupifupi nyumba zonse zodyera njuchi. Amabereka ku Africa mpaka 30⁰ kumpoto. Kudera la Europe ku Russia, sakhala kumpoto kwa zigawo za Ryazan, Tambov, Tula. Malo okhalapo odyera njuchi agolide amapitilira ku zigwa za mitsinje ya Oka, Don, Sviyaga.
Amagawidwa mosiyanasiyana, foci. Zowonjezera kukhala m'mapululu ndi m'zipululu Wodya njuchi wobiriwira... Pali zingapo mitundu ya odyetsa njuchidzina lake makamaka kutengera mawonekedwe. Chofala kwambiri ndi golide. Ndi kambalame kakang'ono, kakang'ono kokhala ndi nyenyezi.
Thupi ndilotalika masentimita 26, mulomo ndi masentimita 3.5, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 53-56. Iye amawoneka, monga mamembala onse am'banjamo, wokongola kwambiri - wabuluu, wobiriwira, wachikasu m'mapiko amachititsa kuti njuchi zodya golide zikhale mbalame zokongola kwambiri ku Europe.
Pachithunzicho ndi wodya njuchi wobiriwira
Titha kukambirana kwa nthawi yayitali za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezi. Ali ndi chipewa pamutu, masaya, pakhosi, pamimba ndi pachifuwa, kumbuyo kwamitundu yambiri, mchira wapamwamba, kuwuluka ndi nthenga za mchira. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yamitundu imawonekera, mtundu wa nthenga umasinthanso ndi msinkhu. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, zimakhala zochepa. Monga zikuyembekezeredwa, amuna amakhala okongola kwambiri kuposa akazi.
Moyo
Masika, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, gulu la omwe amadya njuchi amasonkhana m'malo awo okhala. Makoloni amatha kuyambira 5 mpaka 1000 anthu. Atafika pamalo obisalira, omwe amadya njuchi amagawika pawiri, koma sataya mzimu wawo wonse - ngati awiriwa ali ndi vuto, asokoneza chisa, ndiye kuti otsalawo adzauluka modzipereka ndi kutonthoza kapena kuda nkhawa.
Pokhala kwawo mdera lonselo, odyetsa njuchi amasankha madera otseguka m'mphepete mwa miyala, dzenje kapena chigwa. Amatha kupanga chisa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu kapena m'zigwa za mitsinje. Amapewa mizinda yaphokoso, koma amatha kusankha malo okhala kuti akagwirizane ndi nyumba zakale, zowonongedwa, m'makoma akuluakulu omwe amatha kupanga chisa.
Wodya njuchi ndi mbalame yosamuka, ndipo pakasamuka imasonkhana m'magulu osakanikirana a anthu mazana angapo. Zinyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame zazikulu kwakanthawi zisanawuluke zimakhala pafupi ndi malo awo, kenako zimayamba kuuluka patali ndikutuluka patali.
Mpaka nthawi yophukira, kusamuka kumapitilira, komwe kumasintha kukhala kuwuluka kwa mbalame. Utsi wodya njuchi umatha kuwonedwa mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Omwe amadya njuchi amapita kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa ndi South Africa.
Chakudya
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku chodya njuchi chimakhala chofanana ndi kulemera kwake - chimafunikira pafupifupi 40 magalamu azakudya, ndipo izi ndi tizilombo tokha. Kwenikweni Wodya njuchi amadya tizilombo tomwe timauluka, koma timatha kunyamula ntchentcheyo ndikukwawa pamapazi ndi pamwamba paudzu.
Pogwira kachilombo kakang'ono, mbalameyo imapha mwa kumumenya pansi kapena panthambi zamitengo, nthawi yomweyo imadula mapiko ake olimba m'makumbu, ndipo njuchi imaphwanya mbola. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo agulugufe, udzudzu, agulugufe, kafadala wapamtunda, kafadala wamdima, kachilomboka.
Chofunikira mwa omwe amadya njuchi ndikuti amakonda kudya tizilombo tomwe tili ndi njira zowopsa zotetezera - mavu ndi njuchi, zomwe munthu wamkulu amatha kudya mpaka zidutswa 225 patsiku. Mbalame zimakonda kusaka mitundu ikuluikulu ya tizilombo tomwe tikuuluka, ndipo tating'onoting'ono tawo ndi njuchi za uchi.
Koma amathanso kudya Meyi kafadala ndi agulugufe olemera mpaka 1 gramu. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa kumadalira kuchuluka kwake. Ngati kuthengo palibe amene angamvetsere izi, ndiye kuti alimi sakonda wodya njuchi kwambiri pamtunduwu. Gulu la odyetsa njuchi zitha kuwononga malo owetera njuchi.
Wodya njuchi akuthawa
Mu 1941, nyuzipepala ya Khoperskaya Pravda idalamula kuti wodya njuchi awombedwe ngati mdani wa ulimi wa njuchi. M'mbuyomu, adalimbikitsidwa kuwathamangitsa kumalo owetera njuchi, kumangirira mabowo awo ndi zisa. Koma ziwerengero zidawonetsa kuti omwe amadya njuchi chaka chilichonse amawononga 0.45-0.9% yokha ya njuchi zomwe zikufa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Omwe amapeza njuchi omwe adadyera njuchi amayamba kukumba dzenje kapena dothi lamchenga. Ntchito yakuthupi imagwera makamaka pamapewa amphongo. Dzenje limakumbidwa ndi sitiroko ya 1-1.5 mita ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi masentimita 5. Pamapeto pa mink pamakhala chowonjezera chisa. Nthaka yomwe yatayidwa kuchokera kubowola limodzi ndi 6.5-7 kg.
Pafupi ndi bowo lalikulu, nthunzi imafukula zingapo zowonjezera. Mbalame zimagwira ntchito kwa maola 1-2, kenako zimapuma kwambiri. Zonse pamodzi, zimatenga masiku atatu mpaka masabata awiri kuti zimange zisa. Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, amuna amagwirira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, amawathandiza, kuwonetsa poyera ndi machitidwe awo kuti adzakhala abambo oyenerera ndipo azitha kudyetsa banja. Mkazi akakhala wotsimikiza kuti chisankho chake ndicholondola, kukwatira kumachitika.
Chisa chodya njuchi
Kumapeto kwa Meyi, mkazi amatayira mazira 4 mpaka 10 akulemera magalamu 6.5-7.5. Mazira ndi ovunda, ofiira pang'ono, omwe amatha nthawi. Mzimayi amawasakaniza, pomwe wamwamuna amamudyetsa. Koma nthawi zina amalowa m'malo mwa osankhidwa kuti azichita bizinesi yake. Makulitsidwe a mazira amatenga pafupifupi masabata 3-4.
Anapiye amawoneka pafupifupi amaliseche, ndi zidutswa zokha zokha zomwe zimatha kupezeka pa korona kapena pa rump. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 27-30, anapiye amakula bwino ndikusiya chisa. M'zaka zosavomerezeka, pakakhala chakudya chochepa, anapiye achichepere kwambiri amafa. Mbalame zodya nyama sizichita chidwi Wodya njuchi, koma zisa zake zimatha kukumbidwa ndi agalu kapena nkhandwe.
Ngakhale mbalamezi ndizofala, mu Red Books of the Republic of Belarus, Mari El, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia ndi maphunziro ena a Russian Federation, mutha kupeza tsamba lokhala ndi odyera njuchi wagolide. Tili m'manja mwathu kuonetsetsa kuti mbalameyi, ngati kuti idapangidwira mpikisano wokongola, idzakondweretsanso anthu ndi mawonekedwe ake owala.
