Maonekedwe a nkhukuzi amasokoneza aliyense amene amawawona koyamba kwa mphindi zochepa. Munthu akuyesera kumvetsetsa yemwe ali patsogolo pake - nkhuku yaying'ono kapena nkhuku yayikulu, yodulidwa pang'ono?
Nkhuku holosheyki ngakhale pachithunzichi odabwitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo, ndipo mayiko angapo, kuphatikiza Romania ndi Spain, akuti ali ndi ufulu kudzitcha kwawo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wa Holosheyka
Chodziwikiratu kwambiri cha mbalamezi ndi kusapezeka kwa nthenga pakhosi, mbewu, pansi pa mapiko komanso mkati mwamiyendo. Malowa amatchedwa malo ogulitsira mankhwala ndipo ali ndi miyezo yomveka. Nthenga za mbalame sizimataya, mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu amakhala nawo, amabadwa kale ali ndi ma follicles omwe sakutukuka mbali izi za thupi.
Koma kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo ali ndi uta kapena chipewa cha nthenga, ndipo kutsogolo, nthengazo zimapinda khola lolimba. Chikhalidwe chobadwa "chopanda pakhosi" ndichikhalidwe chachikulu, chomwe chimasamutsidwira ku anapiye, potengera kuyera kwa mtunduwo.
Ponena za mtunduwu, ziyenera kudziwika kuti pamawonetsero a nkhuku, nkhukuzi nthawi zonse zimasonkhanitsa owonera mwachidwi owazungulira, ndipo m'malo mwake amafunikiranso zovuta zawo, oweruza amatha kukana nkhuku pazifukwa izi:
- maso akuda kwambiri, osakhala ndi iris yowonekera - akuwoneka ngati chizindikiro cha kuchepa;
- mawanga akuda pakhungu, "nkhope" yakuda, ndolo zoyera - zimalankhula za kusakanikirana kwa mtundu wina;
- kupezeka kwa nthenga zonse ndi kansalu kanthenga m'malo ophulika ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri;
- Kukhazikitsa mchira mopitirira muyeso ndi mfundo yovuta yomwe alimi a nkhuku nthawi zambiri amatsutsana;
- thupi lofooka, lopanda bwino, losatchulidwa kuti ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa;
- chikasu chachikopa m'malo ophulika ndi chizindikiro cha kupezeka kwa zovuta zamatenda ndi matenda obadwa nawo.
Ponena za mchira, miyezo imalongosola komwe amakhala ngati "pakona pa madigiri 15-20", koma zolakwika pakadali pano ndizofala kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, akatswiri oweta nkhuku komanso alimi adakumana ndi chiwonetserochi ku Vienna mu 1875, ndipo pofika 1930 nkhukuzi zidafalikira ku Europe konse, kuphatikizapo gawo la USSR.
Zachidziwikire, utsogoleri udakhalabe wopanda nkhuku zosowa, zowoneka bwino, komabe, kale panthawiyo, makosi a polo anali ndi mafani ozungulira, omwe kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20 anali kukulira. Zifukwa zokonda kwambiri alimi ambiri za mbalameyi sizowoneka konse, koma mawonekedwe amtunduwu monga:
- kupanga mazira okwera kwambiri;
- Kudzichepetsa kwathunthu pakukonza - mbalameyo imapulumuka ngakhale pakalibe nyumba yankhuku;
- chiwerewere chathunthu pachakudya - golosheyk idyani zonse zomwe zikupezeka pakamwa pawo;
- imalekerera mosavuta nyengo iliyonse, kuphatikizapo chisanu - golosheyki sadzakana konse kuyenda mu chisanu, koma nthawi yomweyo amamva bwino kwambiri kumadera otentha.
Kuphatikiza apo, nkhuku ndizazikulu kwambiri ndipo nyama yake ili ndi mikhalidwe yonse yomwe imatha kukhutiritsa ngakhale zopatsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, ndi nkhuku izi zomwe zidayamba kuperekedwa ku khothi lachifumu ku Russia mu 1911.
Zotere makhalidwe nkhuku, tikunena zakusinthana kwathunthu kwamtunduwu, komanso mawonekedwe awo achilendo, momwe. Kuphatikiza pa khosi lopanda kanthu, mitundu yowala bwino ya nthenga yomwe ilipo imathandizanso kwambiri, ndikupangitsa mbalameyi kukhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa oweta nkhuku omwe amaswana komanso pakati pa mabizinesi wamba. Ponena za mtundu wa zokolola za mtunduwo, ndiye nkhuku kusiyana:
- kulemera bwino, tambala kuyambira 3 mpaka 4 kg, nkhuku kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 kg;
- kupanga mazira koyambirira komanso mosasunthika, pafupifupi mazira 160 mpaka 200 pachaka;
- unyinji wa mazira ndi zakudya zilizonse, kuyambira magalamu 57 mpaka 62;
- "Kutulutsa" woyamba "wamkulu" kumayamba pakatha masabata 24-25.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza mawu
Mbalamezi zinali zofala nthawi ya USSR m'minda yamagulu, minda yaboma ndi nkhuku ku Moldova ndi kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, ndiye kuti mtunduwo unkatchedwa Transylvanian. Poyambirira, nkhondo isanayambe, nkhukuzi zinkatchedwa Semigradskaya holosheynaya.
Tsopano alimi a nkhuku ndi alimi omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi izi mtundu wa nkhuku, adzakhala ndi mbalame yotchedwa - Mkazi waku Spain... Mosasamala kanthu kuti amatchedwa chiyani, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zosunga ndi kusamalira mbalame sizisintha ndipo zimadalira nyengo yomwe mbalamezo zimakhala.
Kuti musunge nkhuku ku Russia, muyenera kukhala ndi nyumba ya nkhuku yotetezedwa m'nyumba, ndipo ku Spain, mwachitsanzo, mbalame zimakhutira ndi zokopa pansi pa denga. Malangizo wamba okhutira nkhuku za mtundu wa Holochek:
- kutentha kokwanira mchipinda chankhuku nkhuku kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 madigiri Celsius, ndizotheka komanso kupitirira;
- kupezeka kwa mwayi waufulu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito peat zofunda, peat nthawi chinyezi, ndiye kukula kwa mabakiteriya;
- kulamulira kudyetsa mbalame, golosheyki ndi omnivores mwangwiro kuthamanga ndi kukula, kudya okonzeka zopangidwa;
- kupezeka kwa chofungatira ndicholinga chofuna kuswana.
Popeza mitu yambiri yamaliseche imabadwa chifukwa cha kupanga dzira lokwanira komanso mazira abwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti posunga iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti dzira limapangidwa nkhuku zoweta nkhuku molunjika zimatengera kutalika kwa maola masana.
Pachithunzicho pali tambala wamaliseche
Chifukwa chake, masiku ochepa achisanu amafunika kuwonjezeredwa ndikulipira kusowa kwa kuyatsa, ndiye kuti, ntchito za nkhuku. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi motere:
- m'mawa, kuyatsa kuunikira yokumba 5 koloko mpaka nthawi pamene m'bandakucha;
- madzulo, kuyatsa magetsi kwa mbalameyo kwa theka la ola kapena ola limodzi dzuwa lisanalowe, mpaka nthawi yomwe iwonso ayamba kugona mpaka nthawi yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri ku nyumba ya nkhuku.
- masana kuti apange dzira lopindulitsa kwambiri ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 14 osapitirira 16.
Ponena za kudyetsa mbalame, samapitilira chakudyacho, ndikungolanda chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, anthu akuyenera kusamala kuti pamakhala zosakaniza zabwino za tirigu kapena chakudya chokonzedwa bwino mwa odyetsa.
Mbalamezi sizifunikira chisamaliro china chowonjezera kapena chisamaliro chapadera, koma malinga ndi ndemanga iwo amene amawasunga pa famu, nkhuku khalani ochezeka komanso odekha ndipo mumakhala bwino ndi anthu ena onse okhala m'nyumba ya nkhuku.
Kuswana ndi kudyetsa ma voles
Ponena za chakudya cha nkhuku, ziyenera kudziwikanso kuti golosheyka sangasankhe "mbewu" zothandiza pawokha, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mbalameyo ili ndi zonse zomwe ikufuna. Monga nkhuku zonse, mbalamezi zimafunikira izi:
- dzinthu;
- masamba;
- calcium;
- ufa wa clover;
- yisiti;
- chimanga (zosankha, koma zofunika).
Komabe, simungadabwe ndi kukonzekera zosakaniza, koma gulani chakudya chopangidwa kale. Alimi ambiri sagwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zomwe zakonzedwa kale chifukwa chaphindu lawo, koma ngati pali ma golos pafamupo, nkhaniyi imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa chobala zipatso zambiri.
Pogulitsa mazira a mbalamezi, ndizotheka kusunga nzika zonse zachuma. Mwambiri, mbalame imodzi yayikulu imadya kuchokera magalamu 130 mpaka 150 a chakudya patsiku, zomwe sizambiri. Amadyetsa ma golos mofanana ndi nkhuku zina zilizonse - m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kugula nkhuku ndi zingwe, mlimi aliyense posakhalitsa amasankha kuyamba kuwabalalitsa. Apa mlimi wa nkhuku wagwidwa ndi mtundu wina wamtunduwu monga "kusafuna" kutulutsa mazira. Golosheyk ndi makolo osamala komanso osamala, koma modabwitsa, nkhuku zonyansa. Chifukwa chake, pakuswana mukufunikira chofungatira.
Koma uku ndiye kuvuta kokha. Kupulumuka kwa ana mu voles ndikokwera kwambiri - 95-98%. Kusamalira anapiye oswedwa sikusiyana ndi kusamalira mwana wina aliyense.
Nkhuku, nkhuku ndi ana abwino kwambiri
Pachiyambi pa moyo wawo, nkhuku zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, makanda amayenera kuyikidwa mchipinda chouma, chopuma mpweya wabwino, koma chopanda kukonzekera chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 26 mpaka 30 madigiri Celsius.
Pamene anapiye akukula, kutentha kumayenera kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pofika tsiku la 30 la moyo wawo liyenera kukhala kuti lakhala kale madigiri 18-20. Ponena za kudyetsa, sikusiyana konse ndi kudyetsa nkhuku zanthawi zonse, zopanda khosi.
Mtengo ndi ndemanga za holosheyk
Ndemanga za alimi a nkhuku za mtundu uwu wa nkhuku zimangokhala zokopa. Kuphatikiza apo, izi sizimangogwira ntchito popanga dzira lawo, komanso nyama. Kuphatikiza apo. mukamadula, simuyenera kubudula khosi la mbalameyi, zomwe zimathandizanso kuposa ena.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yankhuku ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi nyama ya Turkey, yomwe imalola kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika mbale zomwe zimafuna nyama ya Turkey malinga ndi zomwe zimapangidwazo, motero, zimachepetsa mtengo wawo, koma sizitsitsa kukoma.
Ku Europe, opanda khosi ndiwodziwika kwambiri m'mafamu ang'onoang'ono apadziko lonse lapansi, akugulitsa zinthu m'malesitilanti angapo komanso m'masitolo ogulitsa nyama. Ku Russia, kulumikizana koteroko sikunakule bwino, koma kukuyamba kale.
Mwachitsanzo, malo odyera m'mbali mwa msewu ndi malo ogulitsira mahotelo asankha kugwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi alimi akumaloko kwa zaka zingapo. Mutha kugula mbalame pafamu yanu m'njira zingapo - kugula nkhuku kapena mazira pachofungatira. Mtengo wapakati wa nkhuku ya holoshey umachokera pa ma ruble 59 mpaka 74 pa dzira lililonse kuti athyole ndi ma ruble 80 mpaka 290 a nkhuku.
Mutha kugula nkhuku pogwiritsa ntchito mabwalo apadera a alimi, zotsatsa kapena paulimi, yayikulu kwambiri imachitika m'dziko lathu ku Sergiev Posad kawiri pachaka.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhuku holosheyki Zingakhale zosakwanira osanenapo kuti mtunduwo wakhala wotchuka kwambiri mzaka khumi zapitazi ndi oweta, onse ochita masewera ndi makampani akulu.
Pachithunzicho, nkhuku zamtundu wopanda khosi
Mwachitsanzo, kampani yopanga nkhuku zaku France, Zachikuda Zobala SASSO, yakhazikitsa mitundu ingapo ya ziweto odziwika kwa alimi ndi oweta nkhuku ngati aku France opanda khosi.
Mwambiri, mbalameyi siyabwino kokha kuti isungidwe komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri, komanso ikulonjezanso kuswana, komwe kumakopa chidwi kwa oyang'anira mabizinesi ambiri. Onse oyamba kumene komanso omwe akudziwa zambiri.
