Agouti (Dasyprocta) kapena kalulu wagolide waku South America ndi nyama yaying'ono kuchokera pagulu la makoswe. Izi zimachitika kuti nyama chifukwa cha utoto wachitsulo komanso kuthamanga kwake imachedwa humpback hare, koma, ngakhale ili ndi dzina, agouti amawoneka ngati nkhumba yayitali ndi miyendo. Nyama imasambira bwino ndipo imakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mutha kudziwa zina zosangalatsa za mbewa kuchokera patsamba lino.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Agouti
Mawu oti "aguti" omwewo amachokera ku Spanish: agutí - amatanthauza mitundu ingapo ya makoswe amtundu wa Dasyprocta. Nyama izi zimapezeka ku Central America, kumpoto ndi pakati ku South America, komanso kumwera kwa Lesser Antilles. Amafanana ndi nkhumba zazing'ono ndipo amawoneka ofanana kwambiri, koma okulirapo komanso amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali.
Chosangalatsa: Ku West Africa (makamaka ku Côte d'Ivoire), dzina loti "agouti" limatanthauza khoswe wamkulu wa nzimbe, yemwe, ngati tizilombo taulimi, amadyedwa ngati nyama yamtchire yokoma.
Dzinalo la Chisipanishi "agouti" latengedwa kuchokera kuzilankhulo zaku South America zaku Tupi Guarani, momwe dzinalo limalembedwera mosiyana ndi agutí, agoutí kapena acutí. Mawu odziwika bwino achi Portuguese ku Brazil okhudza nyama izi, cutia, amachokera ku dzina loyambirira. Ku Mexico, agouti amatchedwa sereque. Ku Panama, amadziwika kuti eeque komanso kum'mawa kwa Ecuador ngati guatusa.
Pali mitundu 11 yamtunduwu:
- D. azarae - Agouti Azara;
- D. coibae - Coiban;
- D. cristata - Crested;
- D. fuliginosa - Wakuda
- D. guamara - Orinoco;
- D. kalinowskii - Aguti Kalinovsky;
- D. leporina - waku Brazil;
- D. mexicana - Mexico;
- D. prymnolopha - Wothandizidwa wakuda;
- D. punctata - Central America;
- D. ruatanica - Roatan.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal agouti
Maonekedwe a mbewa ndiosayerekezeka - amaphatikiza mawonekedwe a hares yaifupi ndi nkhumba. Kumbuyo kwa chinyama kuli kozungulira (kumanikizidwa), mutu wake ndi wolitali, makutu ozungulira ndi ang'ono, michira yayifupi yopanda tsitsi imabisika kuseri kwa tsitsi lalitali ndipo pafupifupi sakuwoneka. Nyama ili ndi makutu amaliseche, ozunguliridwa, yopanda mapazi, yotambalala, misomali yofanana ndi nsapato komanso 4 molars kumtunda ndi pansi.
Kanema: Agouti
Mitundu yonse imasiyanasiyana mitundu: bulauni, pabuka, lalanje, wakuda kapena wakuda, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi ndi mbali zopepuka. Matupi awo amakhala okutidwa ndi ubweya, wokhuthala womwe umatuluka nyama ikachita mantha. Amalemera makilogalamu 2.4-6 ndipo amatalika masentimita 40.5-76.
Chosangalatsa: Miyendo yakutsogolo ya agouti ili ndi zala zisanu, koma miyendo yakumbuyo ili ndi zala zitatu zokha zokhala ndi zikhadabo zonga ziboda.
Pogwidwa muubwana wawo, ndiosavuta kuweta, koma amasakidwa, ngati hares. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yofiirira kumbuyo komanso yoyera pamimba. Ubweya ungaoneke wonyezimira kenako wonyezimira. Akazi ali ndi awiriawiri a zotupa zam'mimba zam'mimba. Zosintha zazing'ono m'mawonekedwe zimatha kuwonedwa m'mitundu yomweyo. Achinyamata ndi ofanana ndi achikulire ang'onoang'ono.
Kodi agouti amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Rodent agouti
Nyama ya Dasyprocta punctata, yomwe imadziwika kuti Central American agouti, imapezeka kumwera kwa Mexico mpaka kumpoto kwa Argentina. Mbali yayikuluyi imachokera kuchigawo cha Chiapas ndi Peninsula Yucatan (kumwera kwa Mexico) kudutsa Central America mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ecuador, Colombia komanso kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Venezuela. Anthu ogawanika kwambiri amapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Peru, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Brazil, Bolivia, kumadzulo kwa Paraguay, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Argentina. Mitundu ingapo yapezekanso kwina ku West Indies. Agouti yadziwitsidwanso ku Cuba, Bahamas, Jamaica, Hispaniola ndi zilumba za Cayman.
Makoswewa amapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango zam'madzi ndi madera ena onyowa monga madambo. Sipezeka kawirikawiri pamampampu otseguka. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira. Central American agouti amapezeka m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango zam'mapiri, komanso m'malo obzala mbewu. Ku Peru, amangokhala kudera la Amazon, komwe amapezeka m'malo onse am'mapiri a nkhalango zochepa komanso madera ambiri azigawo zazitali (mpaka 2000 mita).
Agouti ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amamanga mapanga ndi malo ambiri ogona muzitsulo, pakati pa miyala yamiyala, pansi pa mizu yamitengo kapena zomera zina. Mitundu yochulukirapo imayimiriridwa ku Guiana, Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Peru.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe agouti nyama amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi agouti amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Agouti mwachilengedwe
Nyamazo zimadya zipatso makamaka ndipo zimayang'ana mitengo yobala zipatso paulendo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, amasinkhasinkha bwino mbewu kuti akagwiritse ntchito ngati chakudya chikasowa. Khalidweli limathandiza mukamabzala mbewu zamitengo yambiri yamnkhalango. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimatsata magulu anyani ndipo amatola zipatso zomwe zagwetsedwa pamtengo.
Chosangalatsa: Kwalembedwa kuti agouti amatha kumva zipatso zikugwa m'mitengo kuchokera kutali ndipo amakopeka ndi phokoso la zipatso zakupsa zikugwa pansi. Chifukwa chake, osaka makoswe apeza njira yothandiza kutulutsa nyama. Kuti achite izi, amaponya mwala pansi, kutsanzira kugwa kwa zipatso.
Nyama nthawi zina zimadya nkhanu, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zomera zina zokoma. Amatha kuthyola mtedza wolimba waku Brazil, motero nyamazo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugawana mitundu yazomera m'deralo.
Chakudya chachikulu cha agouti ndi:
- mtedza;
- mbewu;
- zipatso;
- mizu;
- masamba;
- tubers.
Makoswe amenewa amathandiza kusinthanso nkhalango, monga agologolo am'deralo. Koma zitha kuwononganso kwambiri minda ya nzimbe ndi minda ya nthochi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popanga chakudya. Popeza nkhalango zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, agouti akudya kwambiri mbewu za alimi akumaloko. Agouti amadya atakhala pa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikugwira chakudya m'miyendo yawo yakutsogolo. Kenako amatembenuza zipatso kangapo, kutsuka ndi mano. Ngati pali zipatso zotsala zomwe sizidyedwa kumapeto kwa chakudya, agouti azibisa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Guinea pig pig
Gulu lalikulu la agouti limakhala ndi anthu awiri omwe amakhala okwatirana moyo wonse. Magulu awiriwa amakhala m'malo amodzi a mahekitala 1-2, omwe amakhala ndi mitengo yazipatso komanso madzi. Kukula kwa gawo kumadalira chakudya chomwe chimakhalapo. Akazi ena agout akapezeka kuti ali m'deralo, monga wamwamuna, amawathamangitsa. Kudziteteza kumadera nthawi zina kumaphatikizapo ndewu zachiwawa zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Zikakhala zaukali, makoswe nthawi zina amanyamula tsitsi lawo lalitali lakumbuyo, kugunda pansi ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kapena kumveka mawu osiyanasiyana, omwe amamveka kwambiri ngati kukuwa kwa galu wamng'ono.
Makoswewa nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zamasana, koma amatha kusintha zochita zawo usiku ngati amasakidwa kapena kusokonezedwa ndi anthu. Amatha kudumpha molunjika. Atakhala moimirira, agouti amatha kugwedezeka mwachangu ngati kuli kofunikira. Agouti amatha kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwachangu modabwitsa.
Amamanga nyumba pansi pa miyala kapena mitengo. Agouti ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali kuti zisamalirane. Nyama zimathera nthawi yambiri kukonzekeretsa ubweya wawo kuti zichotse utitiri, nkhupakupa ndi tiziromboti tina. Miyendo yakutsogolo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira tsitsi ndikulikoka kunja kwa zotsekemera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisa. Agout wopanda mantha amayenda pamtunda kapena kudumpha pang'ono. Amathanso kusambira ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi madzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Khoswe agouti
Agouti amakhala awiriawiri okhazikika omwe amakhala limodzi mpaka m'modzi wa awiriwa atamwalira. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Nthawi zambiri munthu m'modzi yekha amatha kuwoneka popeza mamembala a awiriwa samalumikizana kwambiri. Nyama zimaswana chaka chonse, koma ana ambiri amabadwa m'nyengo yobala zipatso kuyambira Marichi mpaka Julayi. Mitundu ina imatha kuswana kangapo pachaka mu Meyi ndi Okutobala, pomwe ina imaswana chaka chonse.
Chosangalatsa: Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, wamwamuna amawaza mkaziyo ndi mkodzo, zomwe zimamukakamiza kuti alowe "kuvina kopenga". Pambuyo pazowaza kangapo, amalola kuti imfikire.
Nthawi yobereka ndi masiku 104-120. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ana awiri, ngakhale nthawi zina pamatha kukhala atatu kapena anayi. Zazimayi zimakumba maenje a ana awo kapena kuwatengera kumaenje akale omwe amamanga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pazitsulo zopanda kanthu, pakati pa mizu yamitengo kapena pansi pazomera zolukana. Achichepere amabadwira m'manda okhala ndi masamba, mizu ndi tsitsi. Amakula bwino atabadwa ndipo amatha kuyamba kudya pasanathe ola limodzi. Abambo amachotsedwa pachisa. Phanga likufanana ndendende kukula kwa mbeu. Pamene anawo akukula, amayi amasuntha ndowezo ku dzenje lalikulu. Akazi ali ndi zipika zingapo.
Ana obadwa kumene amakhala okutidwa kwathunthu ndi tsitsi, maso awo ndi otseguka, ndipo amatha kuthamanga mu ola loyamba la moyo. Mayi nthawi zambiri amayamwitsa kwa milungu 20. Anawo amalekanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi mayi pambuyo pa zinyalala zatsopano. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chankhanza za makolo kapena kusowa kwa chakudya. Ana obadwa munthawi ya zipatso amakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka kwambiri kuposa omwe amabadwa nthawi yopanda nyengo.
Adani achilengedwe a agouti
Chithunzi: Rodent agouti
Agouti amasakidwa ndi nyama zolusa zapakati mpaka zikuluzikulu m'magulu awo onse, kuphatikizapo anthu. Amapewa kudya nyama zamtchire chifukwa chokhala tcheru komanso othana ndi nkhalango zowirira, mitundu yawo imathandizanso kubisala kwa omwe angadye. Kumtchire, izi ndi nyama zamanyazi zomwe zimathawa anthu, pomwe zili mu ukapolo zimatha kukhala zopanda pake. Nyamazi zimadziwika kuti ndizothamanga kwambiri, zokhoza kusunga agalu osaka akuwathamangitsa kwa maola ambiri. Amakhalanso ndi kumva kwabwino, komwe kumatha kuwapulumutsa kwa adani.
Agouti ali ndi mabowo othawira m'mitengo yakugwa. Mabowowa amatuluka kawiri, zomwe zimaloleza mbewa kuti ituluke potuluka kamodzi, pomwe nyamayo imayidikirira potuluka kwinako. Ngati kuli kotheka, amagwiritsanso ntchito ngalande pakati pa miyala yolumikizana kwambiri ndi zibowo zina zachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha mantha, adathawa, ndikupanga zodabwitsa.
Adani a agouti ndi awa:
- boa;
- galu wamtchire (S. venaticus);
- ocelot (L. pardalis);
- puma (Puma concolor);
- jaguar (Panthera onca).
Ngati chiweto chili pachiwopsezo, amasiya kuyimilira atakweza mwendo wakutsogolo ndikudikirira kuti chiwopsezo chiwonongeke. Agouti amatha kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwachangu modabwitsa. Ndi gawo lofunikira lachilengedwe popeza amakhala nyama zodya nyama zapakatikati mpaka zazikulu monga ziwombankhanga ndi nyamazi. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kusinthika kwa mitengo yobala zipatso yotentha kudzera mwa kufalitsa mbewu.
Komabe, monga nyama zina zambiri, chiwopsezo chachikulu ku nyama chimachokera kwa anthu. Ndikowononga malo awo achilengedwe ndikusaka mnofu wawo. Pakachitika chiwembucho, nyamayo imadzipha kapena kuyesera kubisala mozungulira, ndikusintha mayendedwe ake.
Fungo limathandiza kwambiri pakulankhulana pakati pa anthu. Amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala ndi zotsekemera zamafungo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'deralo. Agouti ali ndi maso abwino komanso kumva. Amagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwamphamvu kudzera kudzikongoletsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mexico Agouti
M'madera ena, manambala a agouti atsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusaka ndi kuwononga malo. Koma makoswewa afala masiku ano ndipo ndi amodzi mwamitundu yofala kwambiri m'mitundu yawo. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yopanda chiopsezo potengera kutalika kwa kutalika, kuchuluka kwambiri, komanso kupezeka m'malo angapo otetezedwa.
Chinyamachi chimagwidwa ndi anthu, mbali imodzi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imalowa m'minda ndikuwononga, mbali inayo, chifukwa cha nyama yokoma yomwe amasakidwa ndi anthu amtunduwu, omwe amakonda kuzidya. Darwin adalongosola nyama ya agouti ngati "yowawa kwambiri kuposa monsemo m'moyo wake." Nyama imadyedwa ku Guiana, Trinidad, Brazil. Ndi yoyera, yowutsa mudyo, yofewa komanso yonenepa.
Mwa mitundu 11 ya agouti, anayi otsatirawa akuwoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo:
- Orinoco agouti (D. guamara) - chiopsezo chochepa;
- Coiban Agouti (D. coibae) - ali pangozi;
- Roatan Agouti (D. ruatanica) - chiopsezo chachikulu;
- Mexico agouti (D. mexicana) - ali pangozi.
Nyama izi zimakonda kwambiri malo awo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati agalu ndi nyama zina zolanda. Kutha msanga kwa malo okhala, mwina, kungakhale chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mbewa posachedwa. Mitundu ina yakhala ikuchepa pazaka 10 zapitazi popeza malo okhala asinthidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zaulimi komanso chifukwa chakukula kwamizinda. Kusaka nyama zolanda kapena zobalalitsa mbewu kungasinthe njira zina ndi zina kugawa nkhalango.
Panopa sanatchulepo zinthu zina zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga agout... Zowopseza zina zimaphatikizapo ulimi wamadzi ndi nkhalango, ndipo makamaka malo ake achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala ng'ombe. Pali zochepa zochepa zomwe zasinthidwa kukhala khofi, koko, zipatso za zipatso, nthochi, kapena allspice.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/25/2019 pa 20:24
