Thanthwe la buzzard (Buteo rufofuscus) ndi la banja la nkhandwe, dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa thanthwe
Khwala la miyala ndi pafupifupi masentimita 55 kukula ndipo lili ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 127-143.
Kulemera - 790 - 1370 magalamu. Thupi ndilolimba, lokhazikika, lokutidwa ndi nthenga zofiira. Mutu ndi wocheperako komanso wocheperako kuposa mamembala ena ambiri amtundu wa Buteo. Khungubwe wamatanthwe amakhala ndi mapiko ataliatali otumphuka kupitilira mchira waufupi kwambiri mbalame ikakhala. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa nthenga, akazi ali pafupifupi 10% okulirapo ndipo pafupifupi 40% amalemera.
Khungubwe ali ndi nthenga zakuda, kuphatikiza pamutu ndi pakhosi. Kupatula kwake ndi rump ndi mchira wa utoto wofiyira. Nthenga zonse zakumbuyo zimakhala ndi zowoneka bwino zoyera mosiyanasiyana. Mbali yakumunsi ya mmero ndi yakuda. Mzere wofiira wonse umadutsa pachifuwa. Mimba yakuda ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Pali nthenga zofiira kuthengo.
Khungubwe wa miyala amawonetsa ma polymorphism mumitundu ya nthenga. Anthu ena ali ndi malire oyera oyera kumbuyo. Mbalame zina m'munsimu ndi zofiirira kupatulapo malonjezano, omwe ndi ofiira kwambiri. Pali ma buzzards amwala okhala ndi nthenga zomwe zalembedwa pansipa mumayendedwe akuda, akuda ndi oyera. Ena mwa akhungubwe ali ndi mabere oyera pafupifupi kwathunthu. Mchira ndi wakuda. Mapikowo m'munsimu ndi ofiira kwambiri a suede kapena oyera oyera.
Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalame zazing'ono ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi utoto wa nthenga za akhungubwe akuluakulu.
Ali ndi mchira wofiira, wogawanika m'mizere ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima, omwe nthawi zina amakhalabe atakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Mtundu womaliza wa nthenga mu mbalame zazing'ono umakhazikitsidwa zaka zitatu. Khungubwe wa thanthwe ali ndi utoto wofiira kwambiri. Sera ndi mawoko ndi achikasu.
Malo okhala Rock Buzzard
Khungubwe wamatanthwe amakhala kumapiri kapena kumapiri kudera louma, madambo, malo olima, makamaka kumadera omwe kuli miyala ya miyala. Amakonda malo okhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu ndi malo odyetserako ziweto. Malo okhalamo amaphatikizapo mapiri komanso miyala ikuluikulu.
Mbalamezi zimasaka makamaka m'mapiri a mapiri, komanso m'nkhalango zazing'ono zomwe zimadutsa gombe la Namibia. Mphutsi yamwala imachokera kunyanja kufikira mamita 3500. Ndizosowa kwambiri pansi pamamita 1000.
Kugawa kwa Rock Buzzard
Rock buzzard ndi nyama zodziwika bwino ku South Africa. Malo ake amakhala pafupifupi dera lonse la South Africa, kupatula Limpopo ndi gawo la Mpuma Leng. Amakhalanso kum'mwera kwenikweni, Botswana ndi kumadzulo kwa Namibia. Zotheka kuti zimayendayenda mpaka ku Zimbabwe ndi Mozambique. Amawonekera ku Central ndi Southern Namibia, Lesotho, Swziland, kumwera kwa South Africa (Eastern Cape). Mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama sizimapanga subspecies.
Zodziwika pamakhalidwe a thanthwe
Rock Buzzards amakhala osadalira kapena awiriawiri. Nthawi yakumasirana, samachita ziboliboli zozungulira mlengalenga. Yamphongo imangowonetsa ma dive angapo okhala ndi miyendo yopendekeka. Amapita kwa mkaziyo ndikulira kwambiri. Kuuluka kwa thanthwe losiyanasiyanako kumasiyana ndi mapiko okweza a mapiko, omwe mbalameyi imagwedezeka uku ndi uku.
Ambiri mwa awiriawiri amakhala mdera lawo, amakhala moyo wokhazikika ndipo samachoka pachisacho chaka chonse.
Mbalame zina zimayenda pa mtunda wautali woposa makilomita 300. Tumpheta tonse tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenda tikayerekezera ndi mbalame zazikulu. Zina zimaulukira kumpoto ndikulowa ku Zimbabwe, komwe nthawi zina zimacheza ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zodya nyama.
Kuswana kwa Buzzard
Chisa cha Rock Buzzards kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mpaka koyambirira kwa chilimwe kudera lonselo, ndimaswana kwambiri koyambirira kwa Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. Mbalame zodya nyama zimamanga chisa chachikulu cha nthambi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala pathanthwe lotsetsereka, nthawi zambiri pamtchire kapena pamtengo. Makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60 - 70 ndipo kuya kwake ndi 35. Masamba obiriwira amakhala ngati akalowa. Zisa zagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa zaka zingapo.
Pali mazira awiri mu clutch. Nthawi zina anapiye onse amakhala ndi moyo, koma nthawi zambiri amatsalira m'modzi. Yaikazi ndi yamphongo imakola zowalamulira mozungulira pafupifupi milungu 6, koma yaikazi imakhala nthawi yayitali. Achinyamata a buzzards amatenga masabata pafupifupi 7-8. Pambuyo masiku 70, amasiya chisa, koma amakhala pafupi ndi mbalame zazikulu kwakanthawi.
Kudyetsa Rock Buzzard
Akhungubwe amatanthwe amadyetsa tizilombo (chiswe ndi dzombe), zokwawa zazing'ono, zinyama ndi mbalame zapakatikati monga gangas ndi turachi. Amakonda kudya makoswe ndi mbewa. Zanyama zakufa, kuphatikiza nyama zophedwa mumisewu, mongooses, hares ndi nkhosa zakufa zimapanganso gawo lalikulu la chakudya chake. Amadya zotsalira za mitembo ya antelope, monga mbawala ndi benteboks, zomwe zimatsalira pambuyo pa phwando la zikopa zazikulu.
Rock Buzzards amasaka nthawi zonse kuchokera kumapiko, kufunafuna nyama yomwe ikuuluka.
Kenako amakonzekera mwatsatanetsatane kuti agwire nyama. Mbalame zodya nyama nthawi ndi nthawi zimakhala pamakoma, nsanamira, zomwe zili pafupi ndi misewu, kufunafuna chakudya choyenera. Amatola anapiye omwe agwa pachisa. Koma zolusa izi sizimayandama mlengalenga nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri zimakonda kugwira nyama zomwe zikuyenda.
Mkhalidwe Wosungira Rock Buzzard
Kuchuluka kwa anthu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa South Africa (Transvaal) akuyerekeza 1 kapena 2 awiriawiri pamakilomita 30 kilomita. Mphekesera za miyala zimayerekezeredwa kukhala pafupifupi ma peyala 50,000 pa ma kilomita 1,600,000. Komabe, khungubwe kaamba ka mwala kamapezeka kawirikawiri m’malo otsika ndi minda yobzala mbewu.
Chiwerengero cha mbalame sichili pafupi ndi chiwopsezo cha mitundu yosatetezeka, magawidwe ake ndi ochulukirapo. Pazifukwa izi, thanthwe la buzzard limawerengedwa kuti ndi lochepa kwambiri ndipo silikuwopseza manambala ake.
