Mbalame za Red Book of Russia

Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa USSR mu 1991, funso lokonzanso zolemba zina, poganizira kusintha kwa madera (osati kokha), lidayamba kukhala lovuta. Nkhaniyi sinadutsidwe ndi Red Book la RSFSR.

Ndipo, ngakhale mu 1992 mtundu wapitawo udatengedwa ngati maziko, zinali zakusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zatsopano komanso zowona, osaganizira kusintha kwa madera okha, komanso kusintha ndi kusintha kwa mitundu yazomera, nyama ndi mbalame.

Bukhu Lofiira la Russia

Buku Lofiira la Russia ndi buku logawidwa m'magulu angapo:

• Nyama;
• Mbalame;
• Tizilombo

Gawo lililonse lili ndi mndandanda wofotokozedwa, monga buku lokhalo, logawika m'magulu kuyambira 0 mpaka 5:

• Mitundu yopanda kanthu (gulu 0);
• Wowopsa Kwambiri (Gulu 1);
• Kuchepetsa manambala mwachangu (gulu 2);
• Kawirikawiri (gulu 3);
• Udindo wosasankhidwa (gulu 4);
• Kubwezeretsa (gulu 5).

Pamaziko a Red Book of the Russian Federation, mzaka zingapo zapitazi, ambiri am'magawo adapezeka, ndiye kuti, omwe ali ndi mndandanda wazinthu zosowa kapena zowopsa mdera lina la Russia (ku Moscow, Leningrad, Kaluga zigawo, ndi zina zambiri). Mpaka pano, chidziwitso cha Red Book of the Russian Federation, chofalitsidwa mu 2001, ndichachidziwikire.

Mbalame za Red Book of Russia

Mitundu ingapo ya nyama, zomera ndi bowa zimasowa padziko lapansi chaka chilichonse. Ziwerengerozi ndizokhumudwitsa ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti mzaka 100 zapitazi, Dziko lapansi lataya:

• Mitundu 90 yazinyama (chimayang'ana kwambiri zinyama);
• Mitundu 130 ya mbalame;
• Mitundu 90 ya nsomba.

Mbalame za Red Book of Russia, yofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu kope la 2001, ndi gawo limodzi mwazinyama zomwe zikukhala mdziko lathu lalikulu.

Russian Federation ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri komanso zimapezeka paliponse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mitundu yonse ya mitundu ndi mitundu (ndiye kuti, kukhala mitundu ina yamtundu uliwonse) ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'dziko lathu ndi yofanana ndi 1334.

Mwa izi, mitundu 111 idalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Ambiri a iwo amakhala m'malo osungidwa kapena malo osungira ana, aliyense amayang'aniridwa ndi ofufuza, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumayang'aniridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa.

Pa Epulo 1, 2016, ngati gawo la chikondwerero cha oyang'anira mbalame cha Tsiku la Mbalame, mndandanda udasindikizidwamayina a mbalame mu Red Book of Russia, omwe adatchuka kwambiri ndipo ndiotchuka chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo kwapadera.

Mu nthenga za mbalame zosowa, mutha kupeza mitundu yonse ya utawaleza (osati kokha): ofiira, lalanje, achikaso, obiriwira, buluu, buluu, wofiirira. Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha mbalame za Red Book of Russia akuperekedwa pansipa.

Chimandarini bakha

Woimira Red Data Book la Russia ali ndi dzina lowala komanso losazolowereka - bakha la chimandarini. Mbalameyi ndi ya gulu lachitatu losowa, lomwe limafala kwambiri kumadera a Amur ndi Sakhalin.

Pokhala pake, imakonda mitsinje ndi nyanja zosiyidwa, zobisika pamaso pa anthu ndi nyama zolusa m'nkhalango zowirira. Lero, kuchuluka kwa anthuwa sikupitilira 25,000 awiriawiri, ku Russia pali ma 15 zikwi ziwiri zokha za bakha za Chimandarini, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera chaka chilichonse.

Yankovsky bunting mbalame

Kuphimba kwa Yankovsky ndi mitundu ya mbalame zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha osati ku Russian Federation kokha, koma padziko lonse lapansi. Mbalame yosamuka, yomwe imakonda kusonkhana m'magulu osaka tizilombo m'malo ouma, mapiri mdzikolo, zisa m'mitengo ya mitengo, ndikupanga chisa chake chowoneka chowulungika.

Mbalame ya Avdotka

Ndi mbalame yosangalatsa yokhala ndi maso akulu otakata komanso miyendo yayitali. Avdotka imachoka nthawi zambiri, pokhapokha pakawopsa, nthawi yochulukirapo imayenda pang'ono.

Masana, mbalameyi imagona mumthunzi, ikudzibisa yokha mu udzu, avdotka mwina silingazindikire koyamba, imawonetsa ntchito yayikulu usiku ikusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi abuluzi.

Mbalame ya Bustard

Ndikosowa kwambiri masiku ano kupeza mbalame yokongola modabwitsa m'malo ake, yomwe dzina lake ndi bustard. Kulowa kwa mbalame zamtundu uwu mu Red Book of Russia kunayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zosasangalatsa kwa anthu awa: kulima minda yamamwali ndikusintha kwawo kuminda yolima, kuwombera osaka nyama, kufa kwakanthawi kanthawi kanthenga ndi ndege.

Malo a oimira Red Book ndi steppe, ndiye mfumukazi. Chokulirapo, cholemera makilogalamu 21, ndi kamutu kakang'ono pamutu pake, bustard amadyetsa maluwa ndi mababu obzala, ndipo samanyoza tizilombo tating'ono, mbozi, ndi nkhono.

Kulemera kwake kokwanira mbalameyo kwakhala chifukwa cha ulesi wa mbalameyo, ma bustards amakonda kuthamanga mwachangu, koma zinthu sizili bwino kwenikweni ndi ndege, zimauluka pansi pamtunda ndipo, kuti inyamuke, imayenera kumwazikana bwino.

Mbalame yakuda yakuda

Ma loon amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi akulu, oyera komanso ozizira. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi nyanja ndi nyanja. Thupi la mbalameyo limakhala losalala komanso lophwatalala pang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti likhale ndi moyo wam'madzi. Ma loon amapanga mawiri amoyo wonse, pokhapokha mnzake atamwalira, mbalameyo imafuna wina.

Albatross yoyera yoyera

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma albatross ambiri zidathandizidwa ndi nthenga zawo zokongola. Mu 1949, mtundu wa albatross yoyera yoyera udalengezedwa kuti wathetsedwa. Koma chosangalatsa kwambiri, patatha chaka chimodzi, gulu laling'ono la mbalamezi lidapezeka pachilumba cha Torishima. Mtundu wa ma albatross oyera oyera udayambiranso kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri yokha.

Chiwombankhanga cha pinki

Imodzi mwa mbalame zochepa, nkhanu zapinki zimatha kusaka limodzi. Nyama yawo yaikulu ndi nsomba. Komanso zinkhanira zimauluka kupita kumalo osungira ziweto m'gulu, kenako zimakhazikika m'magulu awiri okhaokha ndikuyamba kukhalira limodzi.

Mbalame yotchedwa crestor cormorant

Crested cormorants ndi osambira abwino, amasambira kwambiri kuti akagwire nsomba. Koma kuwuluka kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa cormorants, kuti inyamuke mbalameyo imayenera kudumpha kuchokera pamwamba kapena pamwamba. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nthenga zokongola zakuda ndi chobiriwira chachitsulo chobiriwira; chowoneka chowonekera chimawoneka pamutu nthawi yachisangalalo. Mapiko, monga amayenera mbalame yamadzi, ali ndi nembanemba.

Mbalame ya Spoonbill

Spoonbill ndi mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi nthenga zoyera. Chodziwika ndi mulomo wake womwe umakula kumapeto. Koposa zonse, imafanana ndi nthiti za shuga. Spoonbill ndiye mbalame yosowa kwambiri masiku ano, nambala yake lero siyodutsa awiriawiri 60.

Kutha kwa mitunduyi kumalumikizidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo: ndikuti mchaka choyamba chamoyo kuyambira 60 mpaka 70% ya anapiye amamwalira komanso kuti spoonbill, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, imayamba kuzala mochedwa - pazaka 6.5, ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wonse 10-12.

Kumtchire (ngakhale sizikupezeka pano), spoonbill imakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja zamadzi ndi mitsinje kumwera kwa dzikolo, ndikusankha magombe okhala ndi ziboda, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuti ikasake, kufikira milomo yayitali komanso yosalala ya nsomba, tizilombo ndi achule.

Mukakhala patali, sipuni imawoneka ngati mphalapala, koma mukayang'anitsitsa, kusiyana kumawonekera: mawonekedwe achilendo a milomo, miyendo ndiyofupikirapo pang'ono kuposa ya mphalapala kapena crane. Masiku ano Spoonbill amakhala m'malo osungira madera a Rostov, Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Kalmykia ndi Adygea, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumachepa chaka chilichonse.

Dokowe wakuda

Dokowe wakuda ndi mbalame yokhazikika yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya. Nthenga zake zakuda, zakuda zamkuwa ndi zamaridi zobiriwira. Thupi lakumunsi ndiloyera. Mlomo, miyendo ndi mphete yamaso ndizofiyira.

Mbalame ya Flamingo

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mbalamezi zimabadwa imvi. Kudya chakudya chomwe chili ndi beta-carotene (krill, shrimp) pakapita nthawi, mtundu wawo umakhala wofiira komanso pinki. Mbali yakumtunda ya flamingo ndi yoyenda, ndichifukwa chake amapinda khosi lawo modabwitsa.

Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, chala chilichonse chili ndi zala zinayi zolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Chiwerengero chawo akupitirizabe kuchepa ngakhale lero, chifukwa cha ntchito yogwira zachuma ndi ndende ya zinthu zoipa m'madzi.

Mbalame Yoyera Yoyera Yoyera Yoyera

Mbalameyi inadzitcha dzina lodzichepetsa chifukwa cha mawu ake osisita. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa tsekwe zazing'ono zoyera kumachepa kwambiri, chifukwa chouma kwa malo osungira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera atsopano ndi anthu, kufa kwamatumba a dzira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, komanso m'manja mwa anthu osaka nyama.

Mbalame ya Sukhonos

Itha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi atsekwe ena chifukwa chouluka kwambiri komanso mapangidwe ake. Madzi ndi chinthu chachilengedwe cha mbalameyi, imasambira komanso imamira bwino. Pakulira, tsekwe ikataya nthenga zouluka ndikulephera kukwera phiko, imakhala nyama yodya nyama.

Koma munthawi zoopsa, woyamwa amalowetsa thupi m'madzi kuti mutu umodzi wokha ukhale pamwamba, kapena ulowerere pansi pamadzi ndikuyandama pamalo otetezeka.

Nkhumba yaying'ono

Poyamba, malo omwe ankakonda kwambiri mbalamezi anali Nyanja ya Aral, koma lero yakhala malo owononga zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake samangokhala swans zazing'ono zokha, komanso mbalame zina zimapewa.

Mbalame ya Osprey

Pakadali pano, osprey si nyama yomwe ili pangozi, koma chifukwa choti ndioyimira banja lawo lokha, adatchulidwa mu Red Book of Russia.

Komanso, chiwerengero chake anachira osati kale kwambiri, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 zinthu zinali zovuta. Panthawiyo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo anali akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochizira minda, yomwe idatsala pang'ono kupha mbalameyo.

Njoka ya njoka

Wodya njoka (krachun) ndi mbalame yokongola, yosowa komanso yomwe ili pachiwopsezo kuchokera kumtundu wa ziwombankhanga. Chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi dzina losazolowereka chifukwa chakumwa kwawo kosazolowereka; mbalameyi imangodya njoka zokha. Zodabwitsazi ndizosowa kwambiri pakati pa mbalame.

Njira yosavuta yopangira chiwombankhanga cha njoka kuti ipeze chakudya kumapiri ndi mapiri, chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi mwayi, amapezeka ku Urals, Central and Northern region of the country. Chiwombankhanga chimasiyana ndi chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi zikhadabo zazifupi, mutu wozungulira komanso kamangidwe kabwino kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zamphongo, ngakhale sizimasiyana pang'ono.

Mbalame yamphongo yamphongo

Ziwombankhanga zagolidi zimaona kwambiri, koma sizitha kuona usiku. Masomphenya awo ndiwofunika kwambiri kuti pamalo olimba a mtundu umodzi chiwombankhanga chagolide chimasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chilengedwe chinawapatsa kuthekera uku kuti athe kuwona nyama kuchokera kutalika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kusiyanitsa kalulu wothamanga, kukhala mlengalenga kuchokera pansi makilomita awiri.

Mphungu yamphongo

Masiku ano, ziwombankhanga zambiri sizili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Pokhala m'modzi woyimira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mbalameyi, limodzi ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide, zimathandiza kwambiri pachikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu akumaloko. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ziwombankhanga, imadziwika ndi nthenga zoyera.

Crane ya Daursky

Zochita zandale ndi zaulimi zomwe anthu amachita zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero za Daurian. Anthu akukhetsa madambo, akumanga madamu, ndikuyatsa nkhalango. Kuphatikiza apo, mdera lomwe ma crane a Daurian amapezeka, pali mikangano yankhondo, zomwe zimathandizanso kuchepa kwa mbalame.

Mbalame yokhazikika

Miyendo yayitali ya mbalameyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imalola kuti isunthire kutali ndi gombe posaka phindu. Mbali iyi ya kapangidwe ka khomalo sinasankhidwe mwangozi, chifukwa mbalameyo imayenera kuyenda m'madzi osaya nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, kufunafuna chakudya chokha mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wochepa thupi.

Mbalame ya Avocet

Ndizosangalatsa kuti pakubadwa komanso khanda, mlomo wa ana ang'onoang'ono umakhala wofanana ndipo umangowerama kumtunda ndi msinkhu. Chifukwa choti ku Russia shiloklyuv amakhala mdera laling'ono kwambiri ndipo mbalame ndizochepa, shiloklyuv adalembedwa mu Red Book la dziko lathu motero amatetezedwa ndi lamulo.

Tern yaying'ono

Tern ang'onoang'ono ali pangozi. Zifukwa zavutoli zinali zakusowa kwa malo oyenera kukaikira mazira ndi kusefukira kwamadzi m'malo obisalako ndi kusefukira kwamadzi.

Mbalame ya Owl

Kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yodya nyama, yomwe imadziwika ndi aliyense, koma ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti kuthekera kotheratu kwa mbalameyi ndi kwakukulu. Mbali yapadera ya akadzidzi ena ndi makutu achilendo, okutidwa ndi nthenga zofewa ndi kukula kwakukulu.

Ziwombankhanga zimakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, zimawopa anthu ndipo zimakonda kusaka zokha. Ndi steppe ndi mapiri omwe amawalola kuti apeze chakudya chochuluka: achule, makoswe ang'ono ndi apakatikati, ndipo nthawi zina tizilombo.

Maso achikasu ndi ambulu achikasu owoneka bwino amapangitsa mbalameyi kukhala ngati kadzidzi wamba. Kadzidzi wa chiombankhanga chachikazi amakhala wokulirapo kuposa wamphongo, apo ayi kunjaku siosiyana kwenikweni.

Mbalame ya Bustard

Mbalameyi ili ndi dzina losangalatsa chifukwa cha kalembedwe kake kouluka. Asananyamuke, kamphaka kakang'ono kameneka kamagwedezeka ndikufuula kenako kanyamuka pansi ndikutambasula mapiko ake.

Great piebald kingfisher

Mbalame yayikulu ya piebald kingfisher imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 43. Crest imawoneka pamutu. Nthenga zokhala ndi zotuwa zoyera. Chifuwa ndi khosi ndi zoyera. Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri othamanga.

Mbalame ya ku Japan yotchedwa warbler

Kuchulukako ndikotsika kwambiri, koma nkutheka kuti ena mwa mitundu yomwe imaswana sanadziwikebe. Malo okhala zamoyo m'dera linalake zimadalira nyengo ya chaka, makamaka pamadzi m'madzi otsika, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa zisa zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Mbalame ya flycatcher

Chiwerengero cha osaka mbalame za paradiso sichikudziwika, koma kuchuluka kwa anthu kumachepa kulikonse. Zifukwa zikuluzikulu ndikuwonongedwa kwa nkhalango chifukwa cha moto wamnkhalango, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa m'nkhalango, ndikuzula mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Malo okhala mitundu imeneyi m'malo ena asintha kwathunthu ndikusintha kukhala mbewu zaulimi, zokhala ndi msipu. Kubereka kwa mbalame kumakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimasokoneza; osoka omwe asokonezeka amatha kuchoka pachisa ndi mazira oyikira.

Mbalame ya Shaggy nuthatch

Chifukwa chodula, malo obzala otsekedwa komanso otsika kwambiri adachepetsedwa, gawo lina la thirakitilo lidawomberedwa kawiri ndi moto. Zakudya zamtunduwu zatha kukhala m'malo omwe sanasinthe mwakuthupi.

"Nzika" zambiri zamabuku a Red Book of Russia zitha kuwerengedwa kwenikweni kumodzi. Ndikothekanso kuti funso loti ngati mbalame zomwe zili mu Red Book of Russia posachedwa adzakonzedwanso ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi mndandanda watsopano wa omwe akupikisana kuti atheretu ndi kutha.

Mndandanda wathunthu wa mbalame wophatikizidwa mu Red Book of Russia

Onerani kanemayo: HEROES: 16 Elite Russian Soldiers Fought a Swarm of 300 Syrian Jihadists (April 2025).