Bingu lamanyanja, imfa yoyera, wakupha wankhanza - atangomutcha cholengedwa champhamvu komanso chakalechi chomwe chidapulumuka ma dinosaurs. Dzina lake ndi nsombazi zazikulu zoyera... Thupi labwino kwambiri kulibe m'chilengedwe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a shark yoyera yayikulu
Shark yoyera wamkulu (karcharodon) Ndi chimodzi mwazilombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iyenera kudziwika kuti ndi shark yodyera anthu kumanja: pali milandu yambiri yolembetsa kuzunzidwa kwa anthu.
Chilankhulo sichimayerekeza kuyitcha nsomba, koma ndichoncho: shark yoyera ndi ya gulu la nsomba zamatenda. Mawu oti "shark" amachokera kuchinenero cha ma Vikings, ndi mawu oti "hakall" amatcha nsomba iliyonse.
Chilengedwe chapatsa mowolowa manja shark yoyera wamkulu: mawonekedwe ake sanasinthe pazaka mamiliyoni ambiri zomwe akhala padziko lapansi. Kukula kwa mega-nsomba kumapitilira ngakhale anamgumi opha, omwe nthawi zina amafika 10 m. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa shark woyera, malinga ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists, amatha kupitilira mamita 12.
Komabe, pali zongopeka zokha zasayansi zakupezeka kwa zimphona zoterezi, Shaki yoyera yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe inagwidwa mu 1945, inali 6.4 m kutalika ndipo inali yolemera matani atatu. Mwina, chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ya kukula kopitilira muyeso, sanagwidwepo, ndikudula malo owonekera amadzi mwakuya komwe anthu sangathe kufikako.
Kumapeto kwa maphunziro apamwamba, komanso malinga ndi miyezo ya Dziko lapansi posachedwapa, makolo a shark woyera wamkulu - megalodons - amakhala m'madzi akuya kwambiri. Zinyamazi zidafika kutalika kwa 30 m (kutalika kwa nyumba yanyumba 10), ndipo amuna akulu 8 amatha kukhala okwanira pakamwa pawo.
Masiku ano, shark woyera wamkulu ndiye yekhayo amene ali ndi mitundu yamoyo. Zina zinazimiririka pamodzi ndi ma dinosaurs, mammoth ndi nyama zina zakale.
Gawo lakumtunda la chilombochi chosaposedwa ndi lojambulidwa ndi mtundu wa imvi, ndipo machulukitsidwe amatha kukhala osiyana: kuyambira loyera mpaka pafupifupi lakuda.
Shark yoyera yayikulu imatha kukhala yayitali kuposa 6 mita
Zimatengera malo okhala. Mimba ndi yoyera, ndichifukwa chake nsombayi idadziwika. Mzere pakati pa imvi kumbuyo ndi mimba yoyera siosalala komanso yosalala. Ndi wosweka kapena wong'ambika.
Mtundu uwu umaphimba nsombazi bwino lomwe m'madzi: kuchokera mbali, mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalala komanso osawoneka, akawonedwa kuchokera kumwamba, mdima wakuda umasakanikirana ndi mithunzi ndi malo apansi.
Mafupa a shark woyera wamkulu alibe mafupa, koma onse amakhala ndi khungu. Thupi losungunuka lokhala ndi mutu woboola pakati limakhala ndi mamba yodalirika komanso yolimba, yofanana kapangidwe kake ndi kuuma kwa nsomba za shark.
Masikelo amenewa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mano a khungu". Nthawi zina, chipolopolo cha shark sichingabooledwe ngakhale ndi mpeni, ndipo mukachiphulitsa "pa njere", mabala akulu amakhalabe.
Mawonekedwe a shaki yoyera ndiyabwino kusambira ndikuthamangitsa nyama. Mafuta obisalapo mafuta obisalidwa ndi khungu la shark amathandizanso kuchepetsa kukana. Ikhoza kufika msanga wa 40 km / h, ndipo izi sizili mlengalenga, koma pakulimba kwa madzi amchere!
Mayendedwe ake ndiabwino komanso owoneka bwino, amawoneka ngati akuyenda pamadzi, osachita chilichonse. Mbalameyi imatha kulumpha mamita atatu pamwamba pamadzi, zowonetserako ziyenera kuti ndizosangalatsa.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu ilibe mpweya woti iziyenda, ndipo kuti isamire, imayenera kugwira ntchito ndi zipsepse zake.
Kuchuluka kwa chiwindi komanso kuchepa kwa chichereŵechereŵe kumathandiza kuyandama bwino. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa chilombocho ndi kofooka ndipo pofuna kutulutsa magazi, kuyeneranso kusunthira nthawi zonse, potero kumathandizira minofu yamtima.
Kuyang'ana chithunzi cha shark woyera wamkulumutatsegula pakamwa pake, mumakhala ndi mantha komanso mantha, ndipo ziphuphu zimathamangira khungu lanu. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndizovuta kulingalira chida changwiro chophera.
Mano anakonza mizere 3-5, ndipo nsombazi zoyera iwo akusinthidwa nthawi zonse. M'malo mwa dzino losweka kapena lotayika, latsopano limakula nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pamzere wosungidwa. Chiwerengero cha mano m'kamwa ndi pafupifupi 300, kutalika ndi kupitirira 5 cm.
Kapangidwe ka mano kamaganiziridwanso, monga china chilichonse. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza omwe amapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kutulutsa nyama zikuluzikulu kuchokera kwa wovulalayo.
Mano a shark alibe mizu ndipo amatuluka mosavuta. Ayi, uku sikulakwitsa kwachilengedwe, koma mosemphana ndi izi: Dzino lokhazikika mthupi la wovulalayo limachotsera nyamayo mwayi wotsegula pakamwa pake kuti alowetse zida za gill, nsomba imangowopsa.
Zikatero, ndi bwino kutaya dzino kusiyana ndi moyo. Mwa njira, panthawi ya moyo wake, nsomba yayikulu yoyera imalowa m'malo mwa mano 30,000. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nsagwada za shaki yoyera, yomwe imafinya nyama, imapanikiza mpaka matani 2 pa cm².
Pali mano pafupifupi 300 pakamwa pa shaki yoyera.
Moyo wabwino kwambiri wa shark yoyera komanso malo okhala
Nsombazi zoyera zimakhala zosungulumwa nthawi zambiri. Ali ndi gawo, komabe, amalemekeza abale awo akulu powalola kuti azisaka m'madzi awo. Khalidwe la anthu mu shark ndi nkhani yovuta komanso yosaphunzira bwino.
Nthawi zina amakhala okhulupirika poti ena amadya nawo, nthawi zina mosiyana. Njira yachiwiri, amawonetsa kusakondwa kwawo powonetsa nsagwada zawo, koma nthawi zambiri samalanga wobisalira.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imapezeka m'malo osungira alumali pafupi ndi magombe pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto. Mtundu uwu ndi thermophilic: kutentha kwa madzi kwa iwo ndi 12-24 ° C. Kuchuluka kwa mchere ndikofunikanso, chifukwa sikokwanira ku Black Sea ndipo nsombazi sizipezekamo.
Shark yoyera wamkulu amakhala kuchokera kugombe, Mexico, California, New Zealand. Anthu ambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi Mauritius, Kenya, Madagascar, Seychelles, Australia, Guadeloupe. Zoyambazi zimakonda kusamuka nyengo zina ndipo zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Kudyetsa nsomba zazikulu zoyera
Shaki yoyera yayikulu ndimagazi ozizira, owerengera. Amalimbana ndi mikango yam'nyanja, zisindikizo, zisindikizo zaubweya, akamba. Kuphatikiza pa nyama zazikulu, nsombazi zimadya nsomba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka.
Shark woyera wamkulu samazengereza kusaka mitundu ina ing'onoing'ono yamtundu wake, komanso anamgumi. Pamapeto pake, amabisalira ndikuukira kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wophunzitsira.
Chilengedwe chapangitsa sharku kukhala wakupha woyenera: maso ake amapitilira ka 10 kuposa munthu, khutu lamkati limanyamula ma frequency otsika ndikumveka kwa infrared range.
Mphamvu ya kununkhiza nyama yolusa ndiyapadera: nsombazi zimatha kununkhiza magazi pophatikiza 1: 1,000,000, yomwe imafanana ndi supuni 1 mu dziwe lalikulu losambira. Kuukira kwa nsomba yoyera ndikowala mwachangu: pasanathe mphindi imodzi kuchokera pakamwa pakatseguka mpaka kumapeto kwa nsagwada.
Atalowetsa mano ake ngati lumo m'thupi la womenyedwayo, shark amapukusa mutu wake, ndikung'amba zidutswa zazikulu za mnofu. Amatha kumeza makilogalamu 13 a nyama nthawi imodzi. Nsagwada za wolusa wokhetsa magazi ndizolimba kwambiri kotero kuti zimatha kuluma mosavuta kudzera m'mafupa akulu, kapena ngakhale nyama zonse zomwe zili pakati.
Mimba ya sharki ndi yayikulu komanso yotanuka, imatha kukhala ndi chakudya chochuluka kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kuti asidi okwanira a hydrochloric osagaya chakudya, ndiye kuti nsomba imazitembenuzira mkati, ndikuchotsa zochulukazo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti makoma am'mimba sanavulazidwe ndi mano akuthwa amakona atatu a cholengedwa champhamvu ichi.
Nkhondo Yaikulu Ya Shark Yoyera munthu aliyense zimachitika, makamaka osiyanasiyana ndi ma surfers amavutika nazo. Anthu sali mbali ya chakudya chawo; m'malo mwake, chilombo chimagunda mwangozi, ndikusokoneza bolodi lapamadzi ngati chisindikizo cha njovu kapena chisindikizo.
Kufotokozera kwina kwa nkhanza zotere ndikuwukira kwa malo a shark, gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, samadya mnofu wa munthu kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri amawulavulira, podziwa kuti anali wolakwitsa.
Makulidwe ndipo zikhalidwe za thupi sizimapereka ozunzidwa nsombazi zazikulu zoyera osati mwayi wochepa wopulumutsidwa. M'malo mwake, ilibe mpikisano woyenera pakati panyanja.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Anthu ochepera 4 m kutalika, omwe mwina ndi ana osakhwima. Shark wamkazi amatha kutenga pakati asanakwanitse zaka 12-14. Amuna amakula msanga - ali ndi zaka 10. Shaki zoyera zimaberekana popanga mazira.
Njirayi imapezeka mumtundu wa nsomba zamatenda okhaokha. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 11, kenako ana angapo amatuluka m'mimba mwa mayi. Amphamvu kwambiri amadya ofooka akadali mkati.
2-3 shark odziyimira pawokha amabadwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 2/3 mwa iwo samakhala ndi chaka chimodzi, kukhala nyama ya nsomba zazikulu ngakhale amayi awo omwe.
Chifukwa chokhala ndi pakati kwanthawi yayitali, zokolola zochepa komanso kukhwima mochedwa, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zoyera kumachepa. Nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi zimakhala ndi anthu osapitilira 4500.
