M'dziko lathu lalikulu mumakhala nyama zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana. Makoswe amatenga gawo lofunikira m'chilengedwe, ndipo ena a iwo ali Nyama zam'madzi ku Mongolia – zikhomo.
Maonekedwe a Tarbagan
Nyama imeneyi ndi ya mtundu wa mbulu. Thupi ndi lolemera, lalikulu. Kukula kwa amuna pafupifupi 60-63 cm, akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono - masentimita 55-58. Pafupifupi kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 5-7.
Mutu wake ndi wapakatikati, wofanana ndi kalulu wooneka bwino. Maso ndi akulu, akuda, ndi mphuno yakuda yakuda. Khosi ndi lalifupi. Maso, kununkhiza ndi kumva zimapangidwa bwino.
Miyendo ndi yaifupi, mchira ndi wautali, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi lonse mumitundu ina. Ziphuphu zakuthwa komanso zamphamvu. Monga makoswe onse, mano akutsogolo ndi atali.
Odula tarbagana koma wokongola, wamchenga kapena wabulauni, wonyezimira nthawi yamasika kuposa nthawi yophukira. Chovalacho ndi chofewa, koma cholimba, chamkati, chovala chofewa chamkati chimakhala chakuda kuposa mtundu waukulu.
Paws tsitsi limakhala lofiira, kumutu ndi kumapeto kwa mchira - wakuda. Makutu ozungulira, ngati makoko, okhala ndi utoto wofiyira. Ku Talassky ubweya wa tarbagan ofiira okhala ndi mawanga owala m'mbali. Uwu ndiye mtundu wawung'ono kwambiri.
Anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo pali phulusa-imvi, mchenga wachikasu kapena wakuda-ofiira. Nyamazo ziyenera kuwoneka zoyenera kutchire kuti zibise malo awo kwa adani ambiri.
Malo okhala Tarbagan
Tarbagan amakhala mdera lamapiri la Russia, ku Transbaikalia ndi Tuva. Nyamayi ya bobak imakhala ku Kazakhstan ndi Trans-Urals. Madera akum'mawa ndi apakatikati a Kyrgyzstan, komanso mapiri a Altai, adasankhidwa ndi mitundu ya Altai.
Mtundu wa Yakut umakhala kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Yakutia, kumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia ndi kumpoto kwa Far East. Mtundu wina, Fergana tarbagan, ukufalikira ku Central Asia.
Mapiri a Tien Shan akhala kwawo kwa Talas tarbagan. Ku Kamchatka, mbalame yakuda kwambiri, yomwe imatchedwanso tarbagan. Madambo a Alpine, zigwa za steppe, steppe, mapiri ndi mitsinje ndi malo abwino oti azikhalamo. Amakhala mumtunda mamita 0.6-3 zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma Tarbagans amakhala m'midzi. Koma, banja lirilonse liri ndi netiweki yake ya minks, yomwe imaphatikizapo dzenje lodyera, malo okhala "nthawi yozizira" ndi chilimwe, zimbudzi ndi makonde amitunda yambiri omwe amatuluka m'malo angapo.
Chifukwa chake, nyama yosathamanga kwambiri ingadziganizire yotetezeka - ikawopsezedwa, imatha kubisala. Bowolo nthawi zambiri limakhala lakuya kwamamita 3-4, ndipo kutalika kwa maulendowa ndi pafupifupi 30 mita.
Kuzama kwa kabowo ka tarbagan ndi mamita 3-4, ndipo kutalika ndi pafupifupi 30 m.
Banja ndi kagulu kakang'ono mkati mwa gulu komwe kumakhala makolo ndi ana osapitilira zaka ziwiri. Mlengalenga momwe akukhalamo ndi ochezeka, koma ngati alendo abwera m'derali, amathamangitsidwa.
Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, njuchi zimakhala pafupifupi anthu 16-18, koma ngati kupulumuka kumakhala kovuta, ndiye kuti anthu akhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala anthu 2-3.
Nyamazi zimakhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana, zimatuluka m'manda awo pafupifupi 9 koloko m'mawa, komanso pafupifupi 6 koloko madzulo. Pomwe banjali lili kalikiliki kukumba dzenje kapena kudyetsa, wina amaima paphiri ndipo, ngati pakhala zoopsa, achenjeza oyandikana nawo ndi mluzu wobaya.
Mwambiri, nyamazi ndizamanyazi komanso osamala, asanatuluke mumtambo, amayang'ana mozungulira ndikununkhiza kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka atatsimikiza kuti mapulani awo ndi otetezeka.
Mverani mawu a marmot wa tarbagan
Pakufika nthawi yophukira, mu Seputembala, nyamazo zimabisala, kubisala pansi pamabowo awo kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yayitali (m'malo ofunda, matenthedwe ochepa, m'malo ozizira motalikirapo).
Amatseka chitseko ndi ndowe, nthaka, udzu. Chifukwa cha nthaka ndi chipale chofewa pamwamba pawo, komanso kutentha kwawo, ma tarbagans adalimbikitsana wina ndi mzake kuti azitentha.
Chakudya
Masika, nyama zikatuluka m'makona awo, nthawi idzafika yoti zisawonongeke mchilimwe komanso gawo lotsatira lobereka ndi kudyetsa. Kupatula apo, ma tarbagans amafunika kukhala ndi nthawi yodziunjikira mafuta nyengo yozizira isanakwane.
Nyama izi zimadyetsa mitundu yambiri ya udzu, zitsamba, zomerapo. Nthawi zambiri samadya mbewu, chifukwa samakhazikika m'minda. Amadyetsedwa ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, mizu, zipatso. Nthawi zambiri amadya atakhala pansi, atagwira chakudya ndi miyendo yakutsogolo.
Masika, pakadali udzu wochepa, ma tarbagan amadya makamaka mababu azomera ndi ma rhizomes awo. Pakati pa kukula kwa maluwa ndi udzu chilimwe, nyama zimasankha mphukira zazing'ono, komanso masamba omwe ali ndi mapuloteni oyenera.
Zipatso ndi zipatso za zomera sizimakumbidwa kwathunthu mthupi la nyama izi, koma zimatuluka panja, motero zimafalikira m'minda. Tarbagan imatha kumeza mpaka 1.5 kg patsiku. zomera.
Kuphatikiza pa zomera, tizilombo tina timaloŵanso mkamwa - njenjete, ziwala, mbozi, nkhono, ziphuphu. Nyama sizimasankha chakudya choterocho, koma zimapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azakudya zilizonse masiku ena.
Ma tarbagans akamasungidwa kundende, amadyetsedwa ndi nyama, yomwe amawadya mosavuta. Ndikudya kotereku, nyamazo zimapeza pafupifupi kilogalamu ya mafuta nyengo iliyonse. Sakusowa madzi, samamwa pang'ono.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kutha tulo, ma tarbagans amakumana. Mimba imachitika masiku 40-42. Nthawi zambiri ana amakhala 4-6, nthawi zina 8. Makanda akhanda amakhala amaliseche, akhungu komanso osowa chochita.
Pakatha masiku 21 okha maso awo adzatseguka. Kwa mwezi woyamba ndi theka, makanda amadya mkaka wa amayi, ndipo amapindula nawo kukula ndi kulemera - mpaka 35 cm ndi 2.5 kg.
Pachithunzicho nyamayi ya Tarbagan yokhala ndi ana
Pakakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, anawo amatuluka pang'onopang'ono ndikukayang'ana kuwala koyera. Monga ana aliwonse, amakonda kusewera, chidwi komanso kuchita zoipa. Achinyamata amakumana ndi tchuthi choyamba kubowo, ndipo chaka chotsatira, kapena chaka chotsatira, amayamba mabanja awo.
Mwachilengedwe, ma tarbagans amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10, ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala zaka 20. Anthu amayamikira mafuta a tarbaganndi katundu wothandiza. Amatha kuchiza TB, kutentha ndi chisanu, kuchepa magazi.
Chifukwa chakufunika koyamba kwamafuta, ubweya ndi nyama nyama, chithu tsopano atchulidwa mu Buku Lofiira Russia ndipo ili m'bukuli pansi paudindo 1 (yowopsezedwa kuti ikutha).
