Unicorn alipo, koma samakhala m'nkhalango, koma m'madzi achisanu aku Arctic, ndipo dzina lake ndi narwhal. Namgumi waminoyu ali ndi nyanga yowongoka (mano), nthawi zambiri ofanana ndi theka la kutalika kwa thupi lake lamphamvu.
Kufotokozera kwa Narwhal
Monodon monoceros ndi membala wa banja la narwhal, pokhala mtundu wokhawo wamtundu wa narwhals... Kuphatikiza pa izi, banja la narwhals (Monodontidae) limangokhala ndi anamgumi okhawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a morphological and immunological.
Maonekedwe
Narwhal amafanana ndi namgumi wa beluga osati kukula / mawonekedwe a thupi lokha - anamgumi onse alibe zipsepse zakuthambo, zipsepse zofanana za pectoral ndi ... ana (beluga whale amabala ana amdima amdima omwe amasanduka oyera akamakula). Narwhal wamkulu amakula mpaka 4.5 m ndikulemera kwa matani 2-3. Ma Ketologists akutsimikizira kuti siwo malire - ngati muli ndi mwayi, mutha kupeza zitsanzo za mita 6.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake ndi mafuta, ndipo mafutawo (omwe amateteza nyama ku chimfine) ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10. Mutu wawung'ono wosasunthika umakhala pakhosi lofooka: pilo ya spermaceous, yopachika pang'ono pamwamba pa nsagwada, ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuzungulira kwa autilainiyo. Pakamwa pa narwhal ndi kocheperako, ndipo mlomo wakumtunda umakwirana pang'ono mlomo wapansi, womwe ulibe mano.
Zofunika! Narwhal amatha kuonedwa ngati wopanda mano, ngati sangakhale ndi mano achikale omwe amapezeka pachibwano chapamwamba. Yoyenera amadulidwa mopyola muyeso, ndipo kumanzere kumatembenukira kumtunda wotchuka wa 2-3 mita, wopindika kulowa kumanzere.
Ngakhale kuti imawoneka bwino komanso kulemera (mpaka makilogalamu 10), mkombowo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso umasinthasintha - mathero ake amatha kupindika mita 0,3 popanda kuwopsezedwa kuti athyoledwa. Komabe, ziwetozo nthawi zina zimathyola ndipo sizimathanso kukula, ndipo ngalande zawo zamano zimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi mafupa odzaza. Udindo wa dorsal fin umaseweredwa ndi khola lachikopa laling'ono (mpaka 5 cm) (0.75 mita m'litali) lomwe limangokhala kumbuyo kwenikweni. Zipsepse za pectoral za narwhal ndizotakata, koma zazifupi.
Narwhal wokhwima pogonana amasiyana ndi wachibale wake wapafupi kwambiri (beluga whale) ndimitundu yake yodziwika bwino. Pamalo owala kwambiri amthupi (pamutu, mbali ndi kumbuyo), pali malo ambiri amdima osakhazikika mpaka 5 cm m'mimba mwake. Mawanga nthawi zambiri amalumikizana, makamaka kumtunda / khosi komanso ma caudal peduncles, ndikupanga malo amdima ofanana. Ma narwhal achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala a monochrome - abuluu-imvi, wakuda imvi kapena slate.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Narwhals ndi nyama zachilengedwe zomwe zimapanga gulu lalikulu. Madera ambiri amakhala ndi amuna okhwima msinkhu, nyama zazing'ono ndi zazimayi, ndi zazing'ono - zazimayi ndi ana amphongo kapena amuna okhwima ogonana. Malinga ndi akatswiri a ketologists, pamaso pa narwhals adakhazikika m'magulu akulu, mpaka zikwi zingapo, koma tsopano kuchuluka kwa gululi sikupitilira mazana.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'chilimwe, ma narwhal (mosiyana ndi ma belugas) amakonda kukhala m'madzi akuya, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala ku polynyas. Zomalizazi zikakutidwa ndi ayezi, amuna amakhala ndi misana yolimba ndi mano, akumaphwanya kutsetsereka kwa madzi oundana (mpaka 5 cm).
Kuchokera kumbali, ma narwhal osambira mwachangu amawoneka osangalatsa - amapitilizana, ndikupanga njira yolumikizirana. Anangumi amenewa amakhalanso okongola kwambiri panthawi yopuma: amagona pamwamba pa nyanja, akutsogolera nyanga zawo zochititsa chidwi kutsogolo kapena kumwamba. Ma Narwhal amakhala m'madzi ozizira m'malire mwa madzi oundana a Arctic ndipo amatembenukira kosunthika kwakanthawi kokhazikika potengera kuyenda kwa madzi oundana.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, anamgumi amasamukira kumwera, ndipo nthawi yotentha amasamukira kumpoto.... Kupitilira malire a madzi apansi ochepera 70 ° C. sh., narwhals amatuluka m'nyengo yozizira yokha ndipo ndi osowa kwambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amuna amadutsa nyanga zawo, zomwe ma ketologists amawona ngati njira yotulutsira ming'oma kuchokera kumatenda akunja. Ma Narwhal amatha kuyankhula ndikuchita mofunitsitsa, kutulutsa (kutengera mwambowu), kulira, kutsika, kudina, mluzu komanso kubuula.
Kodi narwhal amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti ma narwhal amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe kwazaka zosachepera makumi asanu (mpaka zaka 55). Mu ukapolo, mtunduwo sukuzika mizu ndipo sukubala: narwhal yomwe idagwidwa sinakhale ngakhale miyezi 4 ali mu ukapolo. Kusunga narwhal m'madamu opangira, sikokwanira kokha, komanso kosankhika mokwanira, chifukwa imafunikira magawo apadera amadzi.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumatha kutsatiridwa, choyambirira, kukula - akazi ndi ocheperako ndipo samakonda kufikira kulemera, kufika pafupifupi 900 kg. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu kumagona m'mano, kapena m'malo mwake, kumtunda wakumanzere wakumanzere, komwe kumaboola mlomo wapamwamba wamwamuna ndikukula 2-3 m, kupotoza nkukhala kolimba.
Zofunika! Mankhusu oyenera (mwa amuna ndi akazi) amabisika m'kamwa, ndikukula kwambiri - pafupifupi 1 mwa 500. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina mkombero wautali umadutsa mwa akazi. Alenje adakumana ndi narwhal wamkazi atanyamula mano awiri (kumanja ndi kumanzere).
Komabe, akatswiri a ketologists amati nyamayo imachokera kuzikhalidwe zachiwerewere za amuna, komabe pali kutsutsana pazomwe zimachitika. Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti amuna amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zawo pamasewera olimbirana, kukopa anzawo kapena kuyeza mphamvu ndi omwe akupikisana nawo (mu nkhani yachiwiri, narwhals amapaka zipsera zawo).
Ntchito zina zazingwe zimaphatikizapo:
- kukhazikika kwa thupi (kuteteza kuti lisasinthike pamizere) pakusambira ndikoyenda kozungulira kwa caudal fin;
- kupereka mpweya kwa otsala a gulu, osalandidwa nyanga - mothandizidwa ndi ming'oma, amuna amathyola ayezi, ndikupanga maenje a abale;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mkombero ngati chida chosakira, chomwe chinajambulidwa ndi kujambula kanema kochitidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku WWF Polar Research department ku 2017;
- chitetezo kwa adani achilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2005, chifukwa chofufuza kwa gulu lotsogozedwa ndi a Martin Nweeia, zidapezeka kuti mng'oma wa narwhal ndi mtundu wa luntha. Minofu ya minyanga ya njovu inayesedwa ndi maikulosikopu ya elektroni ndipo inapezeka kuti inalowetsedwa ndi ngalande zazing'ono mamiliyoni ambiri zokhala ndi mitsempha. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amaganiza kuti nyanga ya narwhal imayankha kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuthamanga, komanso imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa m'madzi am'nyanja.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Narwhal amakhala ku North Atlantic, komanso ku Kara, Chukchi ndi Barents Seas, omwe amadziwika kuti Arctic Ocean. Amapezeka makamaka pafupi ndi Greenland, zilumba zaku Canada ndi Spitsbergen, komanso kumpoto kwa Northern Island ya Novaya Zemlya komanso pagombe la Franz Josef Land.
Ma Narwhal amadziwika kuti ndi akumpoto kwambiri kwamtundu uliwonse wa cetaceans, chifukwa amakhala pakati pa 70 ° ndi 80 ° kumpoto. M'chilimwe, kusamukira kwakumpoto kwambiri kwa narwhal kumafikira 85 ° N. sh., m'nyengo yozizira pali maulendo akumwera - ku Netherlands ndi Great Britain, Bering Island, White Sea ndi gombe la Murmansk.
Malo okhala amtunduwu ndi ma polynyas osazizira kwambiri pakatikati pa Arctic, omwe nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi ayezi ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri.... Oases awa pakati pa ayezi amakhalabe osasinthika chaka ndi chaka, ndipo chodabwitsa kwambiri cha iwo amapatsidwa mayina awo. Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri, Great Siberian Polynya, chili pafupi ndi zilumba za New Siberia. Ma polynyas awo okhazikika adadziwika pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Taimyr, Franz Josef Land ndi Novaya Zemlya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mphete ya moyo ku Arctic ndilo dzina la unyolo wa magawo amadzi osazizira omwe amalumikiza polynyas yokhazikika (malo azikhalidwe za narwhals).
Kusuntha kwa nyama kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyamba / kubwerera kwa madzi oundana. Mwambiri, anamgumi akumpoto amenewa amakhala ndi malire ochepa, chifukwa amasankha kwambiri malo okhala. Amakonda madzi akuya, amalowa ma bays / fjords mchilimwe ndipo samayenda kwambiri ndi ayezi. Ma narwhal ambiri tsopano amakhala mumtsinje wa Davis, Nyanja ya Greenland ndi Nyanja ya Baffin, koma anthu ochulukirapo amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Greenland komanso m'madzi akum'mawa kwa Canada Arctic.
Zakudya za Narwhal
Ngati nyamayo (nsomba yapansi) idabisalira pansi, narwhal imayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mkombero kuti iwopseze ndikupangitsa kuti iwuke.
Zakudya za narwhal zimaphatikizapo zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi:
- cephalopods (kuphatikizapo squid);
- nkhanu;
- Salimoni;
- kodula;
- hering'i;
- chofufumitsa ndi halibut;
- kunyezimira ndi gobies.
Narwhal yasintha kukhala kwakanthawi pansi pamadzi, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito posaka, kuyenda pansi kwakanthawi kwakutali mpaka kilomita.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zambiri sizikudziwika pazobereka za narwhals chifukwa chokhazikika. Akatswiri a Ketologists amakhulupirira kuti akazi amabereka zaka zitatu zilizonse, amanyamula ana kwa miyezi yoposa 15. Nyengo yokwatirana imayamba kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi, ndipo kugonana kumachitika bwino, pomwe maubwenziwo amatembenukira mimba yawo kwa wina ndi mnzake. Anawo amabadwa mu Julayi - Ogasiti chaka chamawa.
Mkazi amabereka imodzi, kawirikawiri - ana angapo, omwe amasiya mchira wa amayi woyamba... Mwana wakhanda amalemera makilogalamu 80 ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-1.7 m ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mafuta osanjikiza a 25 mm. Mwana wamwamuna amadya mkaka wa mayi kwa miyezi pafupifupi 20, monganso mwana wa namgumi wa beluga. Kutha msinkhu kwa nyama zazing'ono kumachitika zaka 4 mpaka 7, pomwe mkazi amakula mpaka 4 mita yolemera matani 0.9, ndipo yamwamuna imafikira mpaka 4.7 m yolemera matani 1.6.
Adani achilengedwe
Kumtchire, ndi anamgumi achikulire akulu okha ndi zimbalangondo zakumtunda zomwe zitha kuthana ndi narwhal yayikulu. Kukula kwa narwhals kumayesedwa ndi polar shark. Kuphatikiza apo, thanzi la narwhals likuwopsezedwa ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, nematode ndi nsabwe za whale. Mndandanda wa adani achilengedwe uyeneranso kuphatikiza munthu yemwe adasaka anamgumi akumpoto pazinyama zawo zodabwitsa. Amalonda ankachita malonda okhwima a ufa kuchokera ku nyanga yauzimu, yomwe anthuwo ankati ndi zozizwitsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makolo athu anali otsimikiza kuti mkaka wa ufa umachiritsa mabala aliwonse, komanso umathetsa malungo, kufooka kwakuda, kuwonongeka, malungo, miliri ndi kulumidwa ndi njoka.
Mtengo wa narwhal udali wokwera mtengo kuposa golidi, ndichifukwa chake udagulitsidwa. Mng'oma wonse ukhoza kupezeka ndi anthu olemera kwambiri, monga Elizabeth I waku England, yemwe adapereka mapaundi 10 zikwi. Ndipo oyang'anira nyumba zachifumu zaku France adagwiritsa ntchito mkombero, kuyang'ana chakudya chomwe chaperekedwa ngati kuli poizoni.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ngakhale Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN, womwe umanena za anamgumi 170 zikwi (kupatula anthu aku Russia Arctic ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Greenland), sichipereka chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu padziko lapansi a narwhals. Zotsatirazi zadziwika kuti ndizowopseza nyama zam'madzi izi:
- migodi yamakampani;
- kuchepa kwa chakudya;
- kuipitsa nyanja;
- kutha kwa madzi oundana;
- matenda.
Ngakhale kuti narwhal sanakhalepo nsomba yayikulu kwambiri (kupatula zaka makumi angapo mzaka za zana la 20, pomwe idakololedwa mwamphamvu ku Canada Arctic), boma la Canada lidakhazikitsa njira zoletsa m'zaka zapitazi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akuluakulu aku Canada aletsa kupha akazi (limodzi ndi ana amphongo), akhazikitsa gawo loti agwire narwhal m'malo ofunikira, ndikulamula opha mahatchi kutaya nyama zomwe zagwidwa.
Masiku ano, ma narwhals amasakidwa ndi madera ena ku Greenland ndi Canada.... Kuno nyama amadyera kapena kudyetsedwa kwa agalu, nyali zimadzazidwa ndi mafuta, matumbo amaikidwa pazingwe, ndipo zikopa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumbukira zokumbidwa. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha mitunduyi kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo kumadera omwewo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe ma narwhal amabwerera chilimwe chilichonse. Narwhal adalembedwa mu Zowonjezera II za Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
