Watsopano kapena yosalala newt ndi gulu la amphibians tailed. Ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri yamatenda ang'onoang'ono. Wachilengedwe komanso wofufuza malo Karl Linnaeus adalongosola koyamba za amphibian mu 1758.
Kufotokozera kwa newt wamba
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza newt ndi abuluzi kapena achule.... Koma chinyama ichi, chokhoza kukhala m'madzi ndi pamtunda, chili ndi mawonekedwe ena akunja.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwake, kukula kwazinthu zatsopano kumayambira masentimita 8 mpaka 9. Khungu la thupi limakhala lophulika pang'ono. Mimba ndi yosalala. Mtundu umadalira mtunduwo, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala bulauni-azitona. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu limatha kusintha m'moyo. Newts molt sabata iliyonse.
Mutu ndi waukulu komanso wolimba. Amalumikizidwa ndi thupi la fusiform ndi khosi lalifupi. Mchira ndiwofanana kutalika ndi thupi. Miyendo iwiri yamiyendo yofanana. Kutsogolo, zala zitatu kapena zinayi zimawoneka bwino. Miyendo yakumbuyo ili ndi zala zisanu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma triton amalipira masomphenya osauka kwambiri ndikumva kununkhira.
Akazi ndi amuna ndi osiyana kunja. Otsatirawa ali ndi mawanga akuda m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amatenga zisa zowala nthawi yokolola. Atsopano ali ndi luso lodabwitsa lobadwanso mwatsopano. Amatha kubwezeretsa osati ziwalo za thupi zokha, komanso ziwalo zamkati.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu angapo m'matupi amadzi osayenda. Amatha kukhala m'mayiwe ang'onoang'ono, ngalande. Chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti dziwe ndilokhazikika. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira pansi pamadzi. Imagwira m'madzi usana ndi usiku. Amakhala akuya osapitirira masentimita 50. Amayandama mpweya mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri zilizonse. Koma kwa zatsopano, kupezeka kwa mpweya m'madzi momwemonso ndikofunikira. Amayenda usiku, chifukwa sangathe kupirira kutentha ndi masana owala. Komabe, nthawi yamvula, nthawi yamasana imawoneka.
Ma Newts amatulutsa mawu amfupipafupi pafupipafupi 3000-4000 Hz. M'dzinja, chimfine chikangobwera, nyerere zimasunthira kumtunda ndikubisala pamulu wa masamba. Amatha kukwawa m'mabowo opanda kanthu amakoswe. Kutentha kwa Zero kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka nyongolotsi, mpaka kuzimiririka. Nyama zimabisala.
Panali milandu pomwe gulu lalikulu la anthu limakumana muzipinda zapansi ndi mosungira. Iwo adapeza makumi khumi ndi mazana a zatsopano, onse nyengo yachisanu motere. Pavuli paki anguluta kuchisere. Poterepa, kutentha kwamadzi kumatha kukhala kuchokera pa madigiri 4 mpaka 12.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ziwombankhanga zazikulu zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wam'madzi komanso wapadziko lapansi. Amapuma ndiminyewa komanso mapapu. Ngati dziwe limauma, ndiye kuti kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, ma newt amatha kukhala, kubisala munthawi yayitali ya algae wonyowa.
Zovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma m'madzi amawonetsa kuthamanga kwakukulu komanso kusunthika kwa mayendedwe.
Ndi angati newts amakhala
Zimatanthawuza za ziwindi zazitali munyama... Zaka zapakati pazomwe amakhala m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 10-14. Ali mu ukapolo akhoza kukhala zaka 28-30. Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri am'madzi amadzipangira zochitika zapadera pamoyo wopambana wa amphibian.
Mwachitsanzo, malo osungiramo zinthu akumangidwa akuya masentimita 10. An aquaterrarium for 30-40 litres ndi oyenera. Kawirikawiri danga limagawika nthaka ndi madzi. Kufikira kumtunda kumapangidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala. Misasa iyenera kupangidwa mkati. M'mbali mwa dziwe mulimonsemo lakuthwa, apo ayi nyama imavulala mosavuta. Nyumbayi ili ndi zomera zambiri. Chifukwa chake, newt imamva bwino komanso yotetezeka. Fyuluta yamadzi imafunika.
Khola limayikidwa bwino kuchokera kuzowunikira mwachindunji. Atsopano salola kutentha ndi kuyatsa kwaulere, kuyamba kudwala ndipo mwina kufa. Kutentha kwakukulu sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 25. Momwemo 15-17 madigiri Celsius. Onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba chivundikirocho ndi chivindikiro, chifukwa nthawi zambiri nyama imathawa. Kamodzi mukakhala munyumba, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira. Mu ukapolo, kusunga amuna awiri kumabweretsa zovuta nthawi zonse. Ndi bwino kusunga amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Ma subspecies wamba a newt
Pakati pa subspecies za newt wamba pali:
- Newt yatsopano. Kusankha, ma subspecies ofala kwambiri. Zimapezeka kuchokera ku Ireland kupita ku Western Siberia. Mwa mawonekedwe, ili ndi lokwera kwa mano akulu kumbuyo.
- Mphesa kapena ampherous newt. Amakhala ku Romania. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili pakatikati kakang'ono, kokha 2-4 mm.
- Aretic yatsopano. Kugawidwa ku Greece, Macedonia.
- Triton ya Cosswig. Amakhala ku Turkey.
- Triton Lanza. Habitat: kumwera kwa Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, kumpoto kwa Armenia. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango za coniferous komanso zosakanikirana. Kutalika kwa thupi 6-8 mm.
- Kumwera newt. Amapezeka kumpoto kwa Italy, kumwera kwa Switzerland.
- Triton wa Schmidtler. Kugawidwa kudera lakumadzulo kwa Turkey.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Newt wamba amakhala kumene kuli zomera zambiri. Kugawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala ku Western Europe, South ndi North America, Asia, Western Siberia. Amapezeka mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zokhala ndi zitsamba zambiri. Pewani malo owuma owuma. Komabe, ngati pamalo ouma pali malo osasunthika, osatha, ndiye kuti atsopanowo amakhazikika m'menemo.
Zakudya za newt wamba
Maziko azakudya mosungiramo amapangidwa ndi ma crustaceans, mphutsi za tizilombo ndi zina zopanda mafupa... Samakana caviar, komanso tadpoles. Pa nthaka - slugs, mavuwomba, mphutsi. Amawonetsa chakudya chabwino m'madzi. Komanso pamtunda, chakudya cha newt wamba chimatha kukhala centipedes, nthata za chipolopolo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kutha msinkhu kumayamba pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Ntchito imayamba atangotha nthawi yozizira, kuyambira mu Marichi. M'nyengo yokhwima, amuna amasintha. Amapanga chisa ndi mzere wama buluu ndi edging lalanje. Pamalopo pamadzaza mitsempha yambiri, yomwe imapatsa munthu mpweya wowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amapanga lobes pakati pa zala.
Amuna ndi akazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a cloaca. Amuna ndi akulu komanso ozungulira, ndipo mwa akazi amaloza. Amuna, kukhala m'madzi, akuyang'ana akazi. Kuti tichite izi, powona munthu amene angakhalepo, amasambira ndikusuta, ndikukhudza kummero. Atazindikira kuti uyu ndi wamkazi, amayamba kuvina.
Kuvina kosakanikirana kwa newt kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kosazolowereka. Kanemayo amayamba ndi wamwamuna pang'onopang'ono akusunthira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, akusambira mpaka wamkazi. Kenako amayimirira ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Mphindi zochepa pambuyo pake, ndi kupindika mwamphamvu mchirawo, umakankhira mtsinje wamphamvu wamadzi molunjika kwa mkaziyo. Pambuyo pake, yamphongo imadzimenya ndi mchira wake ndi mphamvu zake zonse, kwinaku ikuwona momwe zimakhalira. Komanso, ngati mkaziyo amakonda mayendedwe ake, amasiya ndikumulola kuti amutsatire.
Njira yokwatirana yokha ndiyachilendo. Amuna amaika ma spermatophores ake pamsampha, ndipo wamkazi amawatenga ndi cloaca. Amamatirira m'mbali mwake mwa ma clouca spermatophores, omwe amalowa mu spermotheca - mtundu wamavuto ngati thumba.
Kuchokera pamenepo, umuna umathamangira m'mazira omwe akutuluka ndikuwadzala manyowa. Kenako kubereka kumayamba. Amakhala nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu. Pali mazira okwanira 700 m'ng'onoting'ono, ndipo iliyonse, yaikazi mosamalitsa komanso mwachidwi, imakutidwa ndikumamatira tsamba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akazi ang'onoang'ono amakonda amuna ang'onoang'ono. Komanso, amuna akuluakulu amatha kusonyeza chidwi ndi akazi akuluakulu.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mphutsi zatsopano zimawonekera. Thupi lawo ndi lofooka, 6mm yokha, mtundu wowala wokhala ndi mawanga ozungulira mbali. Msana ukhoza kukhala wachikaso kapena wachikaso chofiira. Koma mitunduyo ndi yopepuka, yopepuka. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakula bwino ndi mchira. Kuthamanga kwachangu ndiye tikiti yopulumuka. Koma mphamvu ya fungo imangowonekera patatha masiku 9-10.
Koma, pambuyo pa maola 48, mkamwa umadulidwapo, ndipo makanda a atsopanowo amayamba kugwira nyama zawo pawokha. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa mphutsi za udzudzu. Poyamba, kupuma ndi gill, pofika nthawi yokhwima, kupuma kwamapapu kumawonekera. Pakatikati pa mphutsi, mithenga yakunja kwa nthenga imatulutsidwa mu newt. Miyendo yakumbuyo imayamba kuwonekera masiku 21-22 amoyo.
Kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, nyongolotsiyo ikukula ndikukula, kenako ndikuyesa kudziwa malowa koyamba... Pofika pamtunda, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 4 mpaka 5. Pambuyo pobereka koyamba, amphibiyawa amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Khungu la newt limatulutsa poizoni wotetezedwa kwathunthu kwa anthu, koma lowononga nyama zing'onozing'ono.
Adani achilengedwe
Newt wamba ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Anthu ambiri sasamala kuyesera iwo nkhomaliro. Kuyambira anzawo - crested newt ndi achule m'nyanja, kutha ndi nsomba, njoka, njoka. Mbalame ndi nyama zina zimadyetsanso nyerere zosakhazikika pamtunda nthawi zina. Ku Russia, pike, carp ndi nsomba amakonda kwambiri nsomba za nsomba. Mwa mbalame, adaniwo ndi mbewa yakuda, mallard, teal. Nyama zawo ndizomwe zimayendera madzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu, zalembedwa mu Red Book ku Russia, Azerbaijan. Amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yachilendo ku UK ndi Switzerland. Imatetezedwa ndi Msonkhano wa Berne. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kutsekeka kwathunthu kwamadzi - malo okhala njerewere.
Ku Russia, amatetezedwa mwalamulo ndi malamulo aboma a Russian Federation "Pa Zinyama Padziko Lonse", "M'madera Otetezedwa Mwachilengedwe", komanso mwalamulo la Unduna wa Zoteteza Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe za Russian Federation No. 126 ya Meyi 4, 1994 No.
