Mbalame yotulutsa mawu siskin, yogwira, olimba mtima, wautali komanso mwamphamvu adapambana chifundo cha munthu. Dzina lachikondi la siskin, kusunga mbalame panyumba kumatsimikizira chidwi ndi chikondi kwa nzika zazing'ono za m'nkhalango za coniferous.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame yaying'ono kuchokera kwa odutsa, ndi ya banja la mbalame, wachibale wa goldfinch. Thupi lozungulira limatha kutalika kwa masentimita 12, kulemera kwa mbalame ndi 10-16 g Kukula kwa siskin ndikofanana ndi mpheta. Wingspan - masentimita 20. Mchira wautali. Miyendo yopyapyala ili ndi zala zakuthwa. Maso a mbalameyi ndi akuda wakuda. Mlomo wosazolowereka - wowonda, wocheperako, wowoneka bwino pang'ono, wosongoka bwino.
Nthenga zimapangidwa mochenjera, koma zokongola mlongo sataya. Msana ndi wobiriwira imvi ndikuwonjezera maolivi, achikasu, mithunzi ya bulauni. Pamutu pali chipewa chachikulu cha utoto, pamwamba pa maso pali mikwingwirima yachikasu yofanana ndi "nsidze". Mimba ndi yopepuka, yokongoletsedwa ndi timadontho ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mchira ndi wachikasu mandimu. Nthenga za mchira wokhala ndi malire oyera.
Amuna owala kwambiri kuposa akazi. Mu kasupe, zovala za mbalame zimasiyanasiyana makamaka, zodzaza ndi mitundu. Chowala siskin pachithunzichi - ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha kavalidwe ka Epulo ka mbalame wamkulu. Siskins amafikira nthenga zawo akatha msinkhu. Mtundu wa akazi ndi wamtundu wofiyira, palibe chipewa chakuda pamutu. Kuzolowera kugonana kumawonekera makamaka munthawi yogona. Akazi bulauni bulauni pamtundu simawonekera kwambiri pakuswa kwa ana chisa. Amuna a emarodi amawonekera patali.
Siskin - mbalame kulira, mawu. Gulu logwirizana limangokhalira kulira mosiyanasiyana. Kuimba siskin ali ndi machitidwe ake, koma amatha kutsanzira mbalame zina, makamaka mawere. Ndizosangalatsa kumvera ma siskins munkhalango. Amapanga chisangalalo, chisangalalo chabwino.
Mwachilengedwe, ma siskins amakhala osamala kwambiri, obisalamo korona wamitengo yayitali. Oyang'anira mbalame ambiri aona kuti nthawi zina mbalame imakulolani kuti muyandikire kwambiri, kuwonetsa chidwi komanso mwaubwenzi. Mwina ndichifukwa chake Siskin wokongola adakhala ngwazi za nthano ndi nthano, nyimbo ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Anthu a Siskin ndi ochulukirapo, samayambitsa nkhawa za okonda zachilengedwe, koma mitundu ina idatetezedwa.
Mitundu ya siskins
Anthu a Siskin ali ndi anthu pafupifupi 30 miliyoni. Oyang'anira mbalame ali ndi mitundu 19, yomwe imasiyana pakugawana, mitundu ndi machitidwe. Oimira otchuka a siskins amapezeka m'nkhalango za coniferous, m'mapaki, koma pali mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imakhala m'malo akutali ndi anthu.
Siskin wagolide
Siskin wagolide. Dzina lachiwiri ndi American goldfinch. Mtundu wa mandimu umasinthira kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira nthawi yobiriwira. Posachedwa kuzizira, anthu aku North America amathawira ku Mexico. M'magulu akulu, kuphatikiza ma siskins, mitundu yofananira, mwachitsanzo, kuvina kwapampopi, kumakhalira limodzi. Mbalame yonyengezeka kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa. M'nyumba kuyambira masiku oyamba amadzidalira, saopa munthu.
Siskin waku Mexico. Amakhala kumadera otentha kwambiri, kumapiri a North ndi South America kuyambira 900 mpaka 2000. Pansi pamtundu wachikaso, ndipo kumbuyo, mapiko, mchira ndi mutu ndikuda. Zikuwonetsa chisamaliro chachikulu, ndizovuta kuwawona m'malo awo achilengedwe. Amasunga m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amadyetsa makamaka mbewu m'minda yaulimi.
Siskin waku Mexico
Pine siskin. Mtundu wonyezimira wachikaso, mimba ndiyopepuka kuposa kumbuyo. Mikwingwirima yachikasu pamapiko, mchira. Mumakhala mapiri aku North America. Kufikira anthu zana limodzi amasonkhana m'magulu.
Pine siskin
Siskin wamoto. Mitundu yotetezedwa ku Venezuela. Mtundu wowala umawonekera m'mapiko akuda akuda, mutu, mchira ndi nthenga zofiira za m'mawere ndi khosi. Pali nthenga zoyera pamimba ndi zoyikika. Kukula kwa mbalame ndikokulirapo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi omwe amaimira siskin. Munthu wokongola amakhala wotetezedwa ngati mtundu wosowa.
Moto siskin wamwamuna (kumanja) ndi wamkazi
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okhala azisamba amalola kuti mbalame ziziyang'ana pafupifupi kulikonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka ku Europe ku Africa, Asia, British Isles, Brazil, South ndi North America. Siskin ndi mbalame yosamuka, yomwe imakonda kuwonekera pomwe nyengo yotentha imapitilira nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Mverani mawu a siskin
Malo okhala ndi ambiri. Mbalame zimakonda madera a mapiri ndipo zimakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mawu a Siskin mungamve mu nkhalango za spruce, nkhalango zowuma, zitsamba. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mbalame zimasuntha, zimayenda mtunda waufupi m'zigwa za mitsinje pafupi ndi kufunda ndi chakudya. Pali mkangano pakati pa akatswiri odziwa za mbalame ngati angaganizire za mbalame zosamuka kapena zongoyendayenda. Kusuntha kwakasupe kumachitika koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo, kusamukira kwachisanu - kumapeto kwa Seputembara ndi Okutobala.
Ndikutentha kozizira, mbalame zing'onozing'ono zimawonekera m'mitengo ya alder, minda ya birch, okhala m'mizinda amawawona m'mapaki, m'mabwalo. Ngati ma siskins amatha kupeza madzi osazizira, amatha kukhala pafupi nthawi yozizira. M'madera ofunda, mbalame sizisintha malo okhala.
Makhalidwe ake, mbalame zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, zimawoneka ngati zopanda pake. Kapangidwe kamkati ka siskin kamasiyanitsidwa ndi kulumikizana, zimamatirana, nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi. Mbalame sizikhala zokha. Ngakhale nyengo ikukwerana, zisa zimamangidwa pafupi; Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokwaniritsidwa imatha kuwonedwa m'mitengo yoyandikana nayo.
Amuna (kumanja) ndi azimayi aku America Siskin
Ma diski amakhala ndi mtundu wina wogawana chakudya, pomwe chakudya "chimaperekedwa" kwa ziweto zina pakubwezeretsanso chakudya. Mbalame zimakhala pamwamba kuchokera pansi, pakati pa nsonga za mitengo, kubisala mu zisoti. Simungowona mwachisawawa chikuku chikudumpha pansi.
Mu ukapolo, siskins amayamba mizu. Amadziwika kuti ndi "oweta kwambiri" poyerekeza ndi zingwe, magolide ndi mbalame zina pakati pa oyimba. Kulira kwa chiskin kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe apadera, osasangalatsa. Mbalame zimagonjetsa mofulumira komanso mwachidwi. Nthawi zina amafunika kuyendayenda nyumba kutambasula mapiko awo, kuti apange ndege zazing'ono. Amabwerera kunyumba zawo mosavuta ndikumvetsetsa kuti awa ndi malo awo.
Ma firiji amafunikira khola lalikulu kuti akhale ndi moyo wokangalika. Kusamba kofunikira kumafunikira, kupatula mbale yakumwa. Zinthu zabwino zimathandiza kuswana ziweto. Mudzafunika nthambi za coniferous pakona ya khola, nsanja ya chisa, zomangira zopangidwa ndi zikopa za thonje, nthenga, udzu, moss. Nthawi yobisalira, mbalame sizisokonezedwa ndi kuyeretsa, ndipo chakudya chimatsalira kukhoma moyang'anizana ndi chisa. Mwayi wokhala ndi ana umachulukirachulukira zinthu zikakwaniritsidwa.
Siskin akuthawa
Zakudya zapanyumba zimaphatikizira zosakaniza monga mapira, rapeseed, oatmeal, mbewu ya canary. Mbewu za birch, alder, conifers, komanso dandelion, plantain, fulakesi ndi zothandiza mbalame. Amakonda ma siskins ndi zidutswa za maapulo, kaloti, ndipo samakana masamba obiriwira.
Kudyetsa anapiye kumafunikira zowonjezera nyama. Ngati sizingatheke kupeza mphutsi za tizilombo, ndiye kuti chakudya chimalimbikitsidwa ndi mazira a nkhuku. Chophika chophika ndi grated, chophatikizidwa ndi ma crackers odulidwa, kaloti.
Zakudya zabwino
M'chilengedwe, zakudya za siskin zimaphatikizapo chakudya cha zomera ndi nyama. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, ma siskins amadya tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, mbozi, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi agulugufe. Pofika nthawi yophukira, ikamakhwima, mbewu zamitengo yambiri komanso yobiriwira - alder, birch, poplar, fir, pine, spruce - imathandizira mbalame. Mbeu za dandelions ndi poppy ndizopindulitsa.
Chizhi amadya mbewu za mpendadzuwa m'nyengo yozizira
Mlomo wonenepa wa siskin umakulolani kuchotsa mbewu za Compositae - nthula, chimanga, meadowsweet, sorelo. Mbalame zimapeza mtedza kuchokera kuzipatso zamitengo ya coniferous. Zikhadabo zokhala ngati mbedza zimapangitsa mbalame kunthambi zamitengo ngakhale kuzipachika mozondoka.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ma siskins amodzi amakhala okhulupirika kwa anzawo kwa moyo wawo wonse. Kusaka kwa awiriawiri kumayamba nthawi yayitali asanaikire mazira. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira mbalame m'nyengo yokwatirana, chifukwa chake siskin amawoneka bwanji yokongola kwambiri komanso yogwira - imafalitsa ma trill osatha, kuzungulira akazi ndi mchira wakwezedwa. Mu nyimbozo, mutha kumva kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kofuula, kugogoda komanso phokoso. Ngati mkaziyo ayankha pempho, ndiye kuti ayamba nawo kuthawa, kutsimikizira kuvomereza kwake mgwirizanowu.
Masamba omwe mumawakonda ndi nsonga za ma conifers. Kapangidwe ka nthambi zazomera, moss, udzu, nthenga zili pamwamba kwambiri, osachepera 10 mita kuchokera pansi, kuti mutha kuwona chisa pakati pa zobiriwira mwangozi. Amuna amapereka zinthu zomangira, ndipo siskin wamkazi imayang'anira kapangidwe kake. Mkati, pansi pa mbalameyi mumakhala ndi moss ndi pansi, nthawi zina timabweretse timabwe. Nthano yaku Germany imati pakati pa miyala yotere pamakhala yamatsenga.
Mbalame ndizodzibisa, zisa zimangophatikizana ndi chilengedwe. Kunja chisa cha siskin mu mawonekedwe a mbale, yokutidwa ndi ndodo, ndere, kotero kuti imadziwika ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zazikulu. Pali chikhulupiliro chakuti chachikazi pakumanga chimayika mwala wosawoneka womwe umabisa chisa kuti chisasunthe.
Pambuyo pomaliza nthawi yokonzekera, mkazi amayikira mazira 5-6 woboola pakati pachisa, chobiriwira chobiriwira. Mu zowalamulira, mazira amatha kusiyanasiyana mtundu ndi kukula. Zosankha zamtundu zimachokera kubuluu loyera, loyera mpaka loyera. Mawanga amasinthasintha ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono. Mu nyengo, ma siskins amakhala ndi nthawi yolumikizana kamodzi kapena kawiri - mu Epulo komanso kumapeto kwa Juni.
Nest wokhala ndi anapiye aku American Siskin
Mkazi amaikira mazira muchisa. Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga masiku 12. Amuna amasamalira thanzi la mnzake komanso chitetezo. Kuopsa kumeneku kumabwera chifukwa cha akadzidzi ndi ankhandwe omwe amadyera siskins. Mazira ndi makanda obadwa kumene amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Ataswa ma siskin aang'ono kwa milungu iwiri, makolowo amatopa kusamalira ana, kubweretsa nsikidzi, mphutsi za tizilombo, mbozi zazing'ono. Chakudya chanyama chokhala ndi mapuloteni ndichofunikira kuti nyenyeswa zikule.
Nthawi zina chachimuna chimasamalirabe anapiye oyamba, ndipo chachikazi chimayamba kumanga chisa chatsopano chapafupi. Nthenga zikayamba kukhala zobiriwira, anawo amasiya chisa, komabe amabwerera kukalimbikitsidwa kwa makolo omwe amadyetsa ana ndikuwathandiza kukhala odziyimira pawokha.
Moyo wa siskins mwachilengedwe sukhalitsa - zaka 2-3 zokha, ngakhale akatswiri azakuthambo nthawi zina amatsata njira yamoyo ya mbalame zokulira mpaka zaka 3-6. Mu ukapolo, moyo wa pizza ndiwotalikirapo - mpaka zaka 9-10. Wolemba mbiriyo ndi chiweto chomwe chakhala zaka 25.
Mbalame zochuluka kwambiri zimathandizira kuti zizikhala ndi moyo, kusintha m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe. Siskin aliyense wolowetsedwa kunyumba amakhala chiweto chapadera komanso bwenzi la banja.
