Ma Parrot ndi oimira owoneka bwino a Mbalame zochuluka kwambiri komanso zochuluka, dongosolo la Parrot ndi banja la Psittacidae. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zinabweretsedwa kudera la Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1500. Chifukwa cha kutchulidwa kwachikhalidwe cha anthu, ma parrot adatha kukhala ndi nzeru zokwanira mokwanira. Kafukufuku wochuluka apeza kuti mbalame zotere sizimangodziwa mwachangu ndikumbukira malamulo, komanso zimakhala ndi malingaliro owunikira.
Kufotokozera za mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe
Lero, banja la Parrot likuyimiridwa ndi mabanja asanu akuluakulu. Mapiko a Woodpecker (Micropsitta), omwe amakhala ku New Guinea ndi zilumba zapafupi, ndi ochepa kukula, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikupitilira masentimita 8-10. Ma parrot a Lori (Loriinae) okhala ku Australia, New Guinea, kum'mawa kwa Indonesia ndi Philippines, malinga ndi akatswiri ena amisonkho, amapatukana m'banja limodzi.
Oimira banja laling'ono la Parrot (Psittacinae) amakhala makamaka ku Africa ndi America, koma amathanso kupezeka ku Australia. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwezi zimakhala ndi mchira waufupi, wowongoka kapena mchira wozungulira ndipo zimangokhala m'mitengo yokha. Dera la Zoogeographic ku New Zealand limadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa akadzidzi kapena ma parrot apansi (Strigopinae), omwe amafanana ndi kadzidzi, koma amakhala ndi nthenga zosalala. Nestorinae ocheperako amapezeka kuzilumba za New Zealand.
Maonekedwe
Maonekedwe akunja a nthenga amatengera malo okhala nthenga, zogonana, komanso mitundu ya parrot. Kuchokera pamawonedwe, mawonekedwe akunja a mbalame yotere amaimiridwa ndi mutu, mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu, khosi, kumbuyo ndi mapiko, mapewa, chifuwa ndi mimba, miyendo ndi mchira. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zili ndi maso akuluakulu, ndipo mbali yakutsogolo ya diso imakutidwa ndi khungu (mandala owonekera), momwe mandala amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawonekera bwino. Wophunzirayo ali pakatikati pa disolo. Khutu la mbalameyi limagawika mkati ndi pakati, ndipo mabowo a khutu amakhala ndi nthenga zazing'ono.
Mlomowo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbalame zoteteza zinzizi osati zongogwira chakudya ndi madzi akumwa bwinobwino, komanso imagwira ntchito yothandizira pakukwera. Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu ya milomo yotukuka kwambiri komanso nsagwada zake zakumtunda. Pansi pa mulomo pamadziwika ndi sera yapadera yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yowala kapena yopanda utoto. Mphuno zake zili phula la mbalame.
Zotsogola zimasinthidwa, zoyimiridwa ndi mapiko olimba opangira ndege. Nthenga zomwe zili pamapiko amaphatikizanso kuwuluka ndi mapiko ozungulira, ndipo akamatseka, gawo lotereli limapangitsa kuti mbalameyo izizizirako bwino.
Mchira wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe umaphatikizapo nthenga zikuluzikulu khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zimaphimba mchira wakumtunda ndi zoyikapo zake ngati zotchira mchira wautali wosiyanasiyana. Miyendo ya zinkhwe zonse ndi zazifupi koma mwamphamvu, zopangidwa bwino. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi zala zinayi kumapazi, chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chomwe chimakhala chachitali, choloza kutsogolo. Zamkati komanso zala zakunja zikuyang'ana kumbuyo. Mawanga akuthwa kwambiri komanso okhota mwamphamvu, ali ndi zala zazitali.
Kukula kwa mbalame
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zinzake zapakatikati. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu ena amatha kukula mpaka mita, ngakhale pali mitundu ina, kukula kwake kuyambira mchira mpaka korona ndi masentimita 10-20 okha.
- mutu wachikaso wa amazons ndi chenelitium;
- parrot-vase lalikulu;
- nkhope zofiira lori;
- chikasu chakuthwa chachikaso ndikuda;
- chinkhwe;
- macaw ofiira ndi achikasu achikasu;
- kachilombo ka macaw.
Ma parrot ang'onoang'ono samadziwika ndi kukula kwawo kocheperako, komanso ndi kukongola kwawo kwakunja. Mbalame zoterezi zochokera kunja nthawi zambiri zimawongoleredwa ndi anthu, zogwira ntchito komanso zanzeru. Oimira ocheperako m'banja la mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zomwe kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 7-13, zolemera zosaposa magalamu 12-13. Mbalame zotchedwa sparrows za mtundu wa Passerine zimakhala ndi thupi lokwana masentimita 12-14, zolemera magalamu 25-30.
Moyo
Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimakhala m'magulu a anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo zina zimakondanso kusanja. Gulu la mbalame pofunafuna madzi ndi chakudya zimatha kuyendetsa ndege pafupifupi nthawi zonse, kuthana ndi mitunda yayitali ndikusintha malo.
Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mapanga, koma mitundu ina imakhala m'mapanga kapena m'matanthwe. Kupfuula ndi kufuula kwamphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zazikulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosamvetsetseka khutu la anthu. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, monga ulamuliro, ndi mawu m'malo okoma ndi melodic.
Utali wamoyo
Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu amakhala nawo, pafupifupi zaka za moyo wa mbalame zotchedwa parrot zitha kukhala zaka zana limodzi kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo mumakhala mbalame zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi ziwindi zazitali, koma nthawi zambiri mamembala am'banja amakhala osapitirira theka la zana.
Mwachitsanzo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa ma budgerigars wamba mu ukapolo ndi zaka pafupifupi 12-13, koma chiweto chilichonse cha zana chimakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo mbalame iliyonse yamphongo amatha kukhala zaka 18-19. Ndipo chiyembekezo chenicheni chokhala ndi moyo mu ukapolo wa Amazons aku Cuba ndi zaka makumi anayi.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Maliseche a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zili mkati mwa m'mimba. Amuna amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa machende opangidwa ndi nyemba ndi ma vas deferens omwe amatsegukira ku cloaca. Mwa akazi, ovary yakumanzere nthawi zambiri imapangidwa bwino, ndipo palinso oviduct yayitali yopanda utoto yomwe imatsegukira ku cloaca. Poterepa, mazira mkati mwa ovary sanapangidwe nthawi imodzi.
Kugonana kwamankhwala mu ma parrot onse omwe alipo pakadali pano ndi ofooka kwambiri. Zazikazi zazimuna ndi zazimuna za mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi utoto wofanana. Kupatula lamuloli lero likuyimiriridwa ndi nthumwi za mitundu yolemekezeka ya parrot, momwe kusiyana kwa mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi kumawonekeranso ndikudziwikiratu kuti kalekale, akazi ndi abambo adalakwitsa mbalame zosiyana.
Mitundu ya Parrot
Kutengera ndi mndandanda wamisonkho wapano komanso malinga ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamaphunziro a ornithologists, pali mitundu pafupifupi 350-370 ya banja la mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, ma cockatoos, nesterovs, loriaceae.
Ma Amazoni
Amazoni ndi oimira mtundu wakale wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zodziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Columbus. Mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zimakhala ndi masentimita 40 m'litali, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongola, kusewera, komanso kuthekera kolumikizana bwino. Nthenga zimayang'aniridwa ndi utoto wobiriwira, koma pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi mawanga owala kumchira, mdera la mutu ndi mapiko. Zapadera za malo okhala ndi mtundu zikuwonetsedwa m'maina amtundu womwe ulipo: Amazoni okhala ndi nkhope yabuluu ndi maso a buluu, okhala ndi khosi lachikaso, Venezuela, Cuba ndi ena.
Macaw
Macaws ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazikulu kuposa mbadwa zawo, zomwe kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumafika mita imodzi. Nthenga za nthumwi zamtunduwu zimayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yowala komanso yobiriwira, yabuluu, yofiira ndi yachikaso. Chikhalidwe chamtundu wina ndikupezeka kwa madera opanda nthenga mbali zakumutu kwa mutu, komanso mozungulira maso. Macaw ofiira-ofiira amaimira khutu lake la nyimbo ndikutsanzira kwambiri kumveka kwa zida. M'mbuyomu, mbalame zotere zimasungidwa ngati alonda, ndikudziwitsa eni ake ndikulira mofuula za mawonekedwe a alendo.
Kusiyanitsa
Zoyeserera zikuyimira mbalame zazing'ono zangati kakang'ono kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 20-30. Mbalame zoterezi zimadziwika ndi anthu osangalala komanso ochezeka. M'nyumba, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwezi zimatchedwa "zomata" mwachikondi. Diso loyera ndi dzuwa, komanso mitundu ya golide yakhala ikugonjetsa akatswiri a mbalame zakutchire zowala ndi mitundu yowala bwino. Zoyipa zazikulu za omwe akuyimira mitunduyo ndi monga liwu lakuthwa kwambiri komanso laphokoso, lomwe mbalame zotere zimatha kufalitsa pazifukwa zilizonse.
Mbalame zoyera zoyera
Mbalame zoyera ndi mbalame zoyera ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi dzina lawo losazolowereka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Ma parrot apakatikati amakhala ndi mamatope omanga ndi zokongola, nthenga zokongola kwambiri pamapiko, kumbuyo, mchira ndi kumutu. Nthenga za mbalame zimabwera mumitundumitundu yosiyanasiyana yachikaso, lalanje komanso yobiriwira. Gulu la mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zamutu wofiira ndi zakuda zimawonekera. Mwachilengedwe, izi ndi mbalame zosangalatsa kucheza ndi anthu omwe amafunsa, kupirira komanso nzeru.
Parrot ya zimakupiza kapena za mphamba
Chotupitsa chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yapakatikati yokhala ndi nthenga zingapo zosiyanasiyananso. Anthu owala mopepuka ali ndi nthenga zofiirira m'mbali mwa mitu yawo, mapiko obiriwira, ndi khosi lofiira ndi chifuwa chakuda. Nthenga zonse kutsogolo zili ndi malire amtambo. Nthenga zakuda pamphumi ndizosowa pamtunduwu. Chombochi chimadziwika kuti chimatha kukweza nthenga panthawi yachisangalalo, chifukwa chake kolala yachilendo imapangidwa mozungulira mutu, yamtundu ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chovala cham'mutu cha Amwenye aku America. Maonekedwe awa amapangitsa parrot kukhala wankhanza komanso wolusa, pafupifupi mawonekedwe a hawkish.
Zosintha
Budgerigar ndi mbalame yaying'ono yodziwika bwino chifukwa chocheza komanso kuwoneka wokongola. Mwachilengedwe, utoto wonyezimira umakhala ngati chitetezo chodalirika cha nthenga kwa adani. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa oimira mitunduyo ndi kupezeka kwa zofiirira ndi zitsotso zakuda pamasaya, ndipo dzinalo limafotokozedwa ndikukula kwakuda kwa mbalame. Chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri zoswana, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yamagalu idapangidwa, yomwe idakhala mbalame zokongoletsa kwambiri zomwe zimauluka bwino.
Mbalame zam'mimba
Mbalame zampheta zimakhala m'nkhalango za mangrove zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo osungira ku Brazil, America ndi Colombia, kumene mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka kwambiri. Mbalame zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, achikasu, ndi a buluu zimakongoletsa malo achilengedwe. Kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire sikupitilira masentimita 14 mpaka 15. Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala ndi mchira waufupi komanso wamakhalidwe abwino, ndi olimba mtima kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuukira mbalame zazikulu kuposa izo. Kutengera mawonekedwe amtunduwo, aku Mexico, okhala ndi mapiko a buluu, nkhope zachikaso ndi abale ena amasiyana. Oimira mitunduyo ali okonzeka kubereka ali ndi zaka chimodzi.
Jaco
Jaco ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zomwe masiku ano zimadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri komanso zotukuka kwambiri, zomwe nzeru zawo zimafanana ndi msinkhu wa mwana wazaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Kuphatikiza pa kubereka mawu, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimatha kudziwa momwe zinthu zimayendera moyenera. Khalidwe la chiweto champhongo ili limaonedwa kuti ndi lovuta, likufuna njira yapadera. Kukula kwa parrot wokongola komanso wanzeru kumakhala kwapakatikati, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafikira 30-35 cm, ndikukula mchira mkati mwa masentimita 8-9. Mtundu wa nthengawo ndi phulusa kapena imvi.
Chiphalaphala cha Emerald
Parrot ya emerald lero ndi oimira okhaokha amtunduwu, omwe amakumana nawo ndikosowa kwambiri. Mbalame zoterezi zimakonda kuphatikiza m'magulu a anthu sikisitini. Mu nthawi ya njala kapena nyengo yoipa, timagulu tating'ono timakumana, chifukwa chake, pothawa, mbalame zotere zimatha kupanga "mitambo yamakungu" yobiriwira. Mumasamba a masamba, mbalame zambiri zam'madzi zimawoneka ngati zosungunuka, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mosavuta ndi mtundu wa nthenga za emarodi. Oimira mitunduyo ali ndi miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zikhadabo zokhota kwambiri kumapazi. Mbedza ndi ya mtundu wolumikizidwa, ngati kuti imasinthidwa kukumba mosalekeza nyama zing'onozing'ono m'nthaka kapena kufunafuna tizilombo tomwe m'makungwa osagwirizana a mitengo.
Cockatoo
Amateurs ambiri ndi akatswiri amtengo wapatali amaimira oimira amitundu yaying'ono yamatumba a cockatoo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso kukula kwakukulu. Mitundu ikuluikulu yamtunduwu imatha kutalika masentimita 60-70. Mlomo wamphamvu komanso wopangidwa bwino wa mbalameyi umafanana ndi odulira ma waya, mothandizidwa ndi chipolopolo cha mtedza chomwe mbalame zimatsegulira. Ngati mukufuna, cockatoo imatha kuluma mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Chodziwika bwino pakuwonekera kwa tambala ndi kupezeka kwaphokoso loseketsa. Mtundu wa zokongoletserazi, monga lamulo, umasiyana ndi mtundu waukulu wa nthenga. Mitundu yakumbuyo imadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri ya pinki, yoyera komanso yachikaso. Cockatoo wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda ndizosowa kwambiri.
Parrot
Kakapo ndi mbalame yakale kwambiri yomwe sinathenso kuuluka bwino. Chifukwa cha nthenga zopota pamutu, mawonekedwe a zikoti za kadzidzi ndi ofanana ndi a kadzidzi. Nthenga zofewa komanso nyama yokoma kwambiri ya mbalameyi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zowonongera mbalamezi, zomwe anthu ake apulumuka kumadera akutali ku New Zealand. Mbalame yayikuluyo imalemera mpaka 4 kg, imakhala ndi mawu okweza, ofanana ndi mayitanidwe a kamphindi, kukuwa kwa nkhumba kapena kulira kwa bulu. Mtundu wa nthengawo ndi wofanana ndi kubisa zovala. Mbalameyi imakhala yachikasu ndi yobiriwira komanso yakuda ndi yakuda mawanga. Akuluakulu kakapo amakhala moyo wokhawokha, amakonda madera okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Mbalame zotchedwa New Zealand
Mbalame zotchedwa Kakariki kapena New Zealand zinkhanira za m'gulu la mbalame zodziwika bwino zomwe sizimakhazikika. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mchira wautali wa mtundu wobiriwira. Mukasungidwa, kunja kwa khola, ndikofunikira kuti ziweto zoterezi zitsimikizire ufulu woyenda kwa maola anayi kapena asanu patsiku. Kakariki ndi mbalame zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa ufulu wawo wonse komanso kupewa chikondi kuchokera kwa eni ake.
Zinyumba
Kea kapena nestors, malinga ndi akatswiri am'mimba, adadziwika ndi kulira kwachilendo, komwe kumafanana kwambiri ndi phokoso "ke-e-a-a-a". Ma Parrot amtunduwu amakonda madera akumapiri omwe amakhala pamalo okwera kupitirira mita zikwi chimodzi ndi theka kupitirira nyanja. Madera amenewa amadziwika ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo ndi nkhungu. Kea amapirira modekha ngakhale mphepo yamkuntho ndipo amatha kuchita zothamanga ngati ndege zenizeni. Nthenga za azitona za mbalameyi zimachotsedwa ndi zofiirira zofiira lalanje komanso nthenga zowala kwambiri mkati mwamapiko. Nthenga zazikulu za Nestors zimakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yabuluu. Kea lero ali mgulu la mamembala anzeru kwambiri m'banja la parrot.
Zinyama zoluka kapena mkanda
Mbalame zokongola kwambiri komanso zokongola zimakhala ndi mchira woponda. Akuluakulu ali ndi thupi lalitali, mkati mwa masentimita 45-50. Mtundu uwu wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe umadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mkanda wochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'khosi kapena mtambo wakuda wonyezimira wokhala ngati tayi. Ma parrot okhala ndi mitundu yambiri amakhala obiriwira, ndipo mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo kukwera mitengo, yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi miyendo yopepuka komanso yopanda bwino.
Rosella
Rosella amayamikiridwa ndi okonda ziweto zosowa zamiyendo chifukwa chokhala bata, komanso nthenga zachilendo kwambiri zomwe zimafanana ndi mamba a nsomba. Nthenga za mbalame zotere zimadziwika ndi mitundu yowala, yomwe imayimilidwa ndi mitundu yabuluu, yofiira, yachikaso ndi yakuda. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kusintha kutengera zochitika zilizonse, chifukwa chake zimadziwa bwino ziwembu zamaluwa ndi mapaki, ndipo zimazolowera kusamalira nyumba. Kutchuka kwa rosellas kumachitika chifukwa cha kusangalala kwa mawu awo, komanso chidwi chakuimba mokoma mtima.
Ma parrot aku Senegal
Mbalame zachilendo zapakatikati zimadziwika ndi mapiko ataliatali. Akuluakulu amtunduwu amakonda kuchita zoseweretsa zosavuta kwambiri. Maonekedwe a mbalame amasiyanitsidwa ndi mimba ya lalanje ndi kumbuyo kobiriwira, komanso nthenga zaimvi pamutu. Ndi kovuta kuthana ndi nyama zakutchire, koma anapiye omwe amaleredwa m'minda yosamalirako ana amazolowereka mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuti asungidwe.
Eclectus
Parrot yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe abwino. Mbalame zotere zimadziwika ndi kutseguka kwathunthu ndi chikondi, ndipo chifukwa chodzipereka kwawo, amatha kukhala bwenzi lenileni komanso mnzake wa munthu. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyana masentimita 35-37 mpaka 43-45. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mbalamezo zimakhala ndi nthenga zosakhwima zokhala ndi utoto wonenepa, ndipo mapiko ochititsa chidwi komanso owoneka bwino amatha kupatsa mbalameyo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mbalame zamtundu wosiyanasiyana zimakhala m'malo otentha ndi otentha. Oposa theka la zamoyo zonse zomwe zikudziwika pano zimakhala ku Australia, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malo okhala mbalamezi amapezeka ku South ndi Central America. Chigawo chochepa cha mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimakhala mu Africa ndi m'maiko a South Asia. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimakonda nkhalango, koma mitundu ina ya nyama imatha kukhazikika m'malo am'mapiri komanso kumapiri. Mulu wa chiswe amene wasiyidwa, maenje ndi maenje amakhala ngati malo okhala mbalame.
Zakudya za Parrot
Pakadali pano pali mabanja angapo: cockatoos ndi zinkhwe. Banja la cockatoo linali banja lakale nthawi yapitayo. Ambiri amisonkho amasiyanitsa mabanja ang'onoang'ono a Nestorian ndi Loriaceae kukhala mabanja osiyana. Nthawi yomweyo mabanja angapo lerolino alipo pafupifupi mitundu 316-350.
Gawo lalikulu la mitunduyi ndi gulu la mbalame zodyetsa zomwe zimadya mbewu ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ma rhizomes, komanso zamasamba, magawo osakhwima kwambiri amitundu yonse yazomera. Mbalame zina zotchedwa zinkhwe zimadya timadzi tokoma, timitengo ta mungu ndi mungu. Ma Parrots amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ngati chakudya cha mapuloteni.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ana athanzi komanso olimba amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbalame ziwiri za m'mabanja osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, zaka zomwe mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zili zokonzeka kuberekana, kwa mitundu yambiri, zimangobwera kamodzi ndi theka kapena zaka ziwiri, ndipo zizindikiritso zabwino kwambiri zimawonedwa mu mbalame zazaka zitatu. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe sizidziwika kuti ndi zachiwawa kwambiri m'nyengo yokwatira.
Ziphalaphala zisa makamaka m'mabowo, koma amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maenje kapena chiswe chifukwa cha izi. Nthenga nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwatiwa. M'malo mwa mitundu ing'onoing'ono yomwe imakhazikika m'magulu akulu, magulu awiri omwe amapangika nthawi zina amatha chifukwa cha zinthu zina zosasangalatsa, monga kufa kwa mnzake, kulephera kukaikira mazira, kapena kuchuluka kwa chiwerewere.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imaswana kamodzi pachaka, pomwe mitundu yaying'ono imatha kukhala ndi zikopa ziwiri kapena zinayi m'nyengo. Clutch ya mbalame imasiyana kukula kwake ndipo imatha kukhala ndi mazira 1-12 (nthawi zambiri 2-5). Monga lamulo, azimayi okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi mazira. Anapiye amabadwa akhungu ndi amaliseche, ndipo makolo amadyetsa ana awo mwakuthwa kuchokera ku chotupa chawo.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya nthenga, komanso nyama zambiri zolusa zapadziko lapansi. Nyama ya mitundu ina ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, makamaka ma cockatoo ndi Amazons, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi Amwenye omwe amakhala mdera la South America, komanso Aaborijini aku Australia.
Malinga ndi maumboni a apaulendo ndi asayansi, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe za macaw zakhala zikulimidwa kale ndi mafuko ena achimwenye ku Amazon. Mbalame zomwe zimakwezedwa mwanjira imeneyi sizimaphedwa kuti zikhale nyama, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pongotola nthenga zowala zowoneka bwino zofunika popanga zisoti zamwambo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitundu
Ma Parrot, monga oimira mitunduyo, akhala akupezeka kuyambira zaka za zana lachisanu BC. Kwa zaka masauzande angapo, mbalameyi idawonongedwa chifukwa cha nthenga zake zowala komanso zokongola, ndipo idagwidwa kuti izisungika. Kudula mitengo mwachangu kwathandizanso kuti mbalamezi zichepe. Mitundu ina yazimiririka kale kapena yatsala pang'ono kutha. Pakadali pano, zotsatirazi zidalembedwa mu Red Book (IWC):
- Parrot yakomweko yaku Australia;
- Parrot pachilumba cha Seychelles;
- mitundu ina ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe za ku Amazonia;
- Parrot wamba wazitsamba;
- kakapo (usiku kapena chinkhwe).
Kakapo amadziwika kuti watheratu m'malo ake achilengedwe, chifukwa chake oimira mitunduyo amasungidwa lero m'malo osungira okhaokha. Kuphatikiza pa omwe adatchulidwa, mitundu yosawerengeka ndi monga Inca cockatoo, buluu macaw, golide arata, Amazon yachifumu, komanso Macaw aku Cuba ndi Solomon cockatoo.
Kusunga mitundu yosawerengeka kumachitika mdziko lonse komanso mayiko ena. Pachifukwa ichi, malo osungira nyama zamtchire ndi nkhokwe zikuchulukirachulukira, kuswana kwa mbalame zomwe zili mu ukapolo kumatsimikiziridwa ndikutulutsa mbalame kumalo awo achilengedwe. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi kuwononga nyama moperewera komanso kuletsa kutumiza mbalame zosowa mdziko muno ndizovomerezeka.
