Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) ndi mtundu wa akamba am'nyanja. Awa ndi oimira okhawo amtundu wa Loggerheads kapena otchedwa loggerhead sea turtles, omwe amadziwika kuti loggerhead turtle kapena caretta.
Kufotokozera kwa loggerhead
Loggerhead ndi akamba amchere amtundu waukulu kwambiri, okhala ndi carapace 0,79-1.20 m kutalika ndikulemera kwama 90-135 kg kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Zipsepse zakutsogolo zili ndi zikhadabo zosalongosoka. Kudera lakumbuyo kwa nyama yam'nyanja, pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri, yoyimiriridwa ndi nthiti. Achinyamata ali ndi mawonekedwe atatu azitali zazitali.
Maonekedwe
Zokwawa zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mutu wawufupi komanso wamfupi kwambiri wokhala ndi mphuno yozungulira... Mutu wa nyama yam'nyanja yokutidwa ndi zikopa zazikulu. Minofu ya nsagwada imadziwika ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziphwanye ngakhale zipolopolo zazikulu kwambiri ndi zigoba za nyama zomwe zimaimiridwa ndi nyama zam'nyanja zam'madzi mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Zipsepse zakumaso zilizonse zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zopanda pake. Ziphuphu zinayi zoyambirira zili patsogolo pa nyama. Chiwerengero cha ziphuphu zapakati chimatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira zidutswa khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Carapace imadziwika ndi bulauni, bulauni-bulauni kapena utoto wa maolivi, ndipo mtundu wa plastron umaimiridwa ndi mithunzi yachikaso kapena yoterera. Khungu la chokwawa chamtundu wofiirira ndi lofiirira. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi mchira wautali.
Moyo wa kamba
Loggerheads ndi osambira abwino osati pamwamba komanso pansi pamadzi. Kamba wam'madzi nthawi zambiri sasowa kukhalapo kumtunda. Nyama zam'madzi zoterezi zimatha kukhala patali kokwanira kuchokera kunyanja kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, chinyama chimapezeka makilomita mazana ambiri kuchokera kunyanja, ndipo chimapuma.
Ndizosangalatsa! Loggerheads amathamangira ambiri kugombe la chilumbachi kapena kontinentiyo yapafupi makamaka munthawi yoswana.
Utali wamoyo
Ngakhale ali ndi thanzi labwino, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo, mosiyana ndi malingaliro ofala komanso ovomerezeka, ma loggerheads siosiyana konse. Pafupifupi, nyamayi imakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Akamba Loggerhead amakhala ndi kufalitsa circumglobal. Pafupifupi malo onse okhala zokwawa zoterezi amapezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri. Kupatula kumadzulo kwa Caribbean, nyama zazikulu zam'madzi zimapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwa Tropic of Cancer komanso kumwera kwa Tropic of Capricorn.
Ndizosangalatsa! Phunziro la DNA la mitochondrial, zinali zotheka kutsimikizira kuti oimira zisa zosiyanasiyana adanenapo zakusiyana kwa majini, chifukwa chake, akuganiza kuti akazi amtunduwu amabwerera kudzayika mazira m'malo omwe amabadwira.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu amtundu wina wa akambawa amatha kupezeka kumpoto m'madzi ozizira kapena owundana, mu Nyanja ya Barents, komanso mdera la La Plata ndi Argentina. Zokwawa zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhazikika m'mitsinje, madzi ofunda am'mbali mwa nyanja kapena madambo amchere.
Chakudya cham'mutu
Akamba Loggerhead ali m'gulu la nyama zikuluzikulu za m'nyanja... Mitunduyi ndiyodziwika bwino, ndipo mosakayikira izi ndizophatikizika. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizosavuta kuti chokwawa chachikulu cham'madzi chikapeze nyama ndikuzipezera chakudya chokwanira.
Nthawi zambiri, akamba amtundu wa loggerhead amadyetsa mitundu yambiri ya nyama zopanda mafupa, nkhanu ndi nkhono, kuphatikizapo nkhono ndi nkhono zazikulu, masiponji ndi squid. Komanso, zakudya zamtundu wa logger zimayimiriridwa ndi nsomba ndi nyanja zam'madzi, ndipo nthawi zina zimaphatikizaponso udzu wam'madzi osiyanasiyana, koma nyama imakonda kusankha zoster zam'nyanja.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoswana ya loggerhead ili nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yophukira. Akamba akulu pamutu posamukira kumalo oswana amatha kusambira mtunda wa 2000-2500 km. Ndi nthawi yosamukira komwe njira yocheza ndi amuna ndi akazi imagwera.
Pakadali pano, amuna amaluma akazi mopepuka m'khosi kapena m'mapewa. Kukhwimitsa kumachitika mosasamala nthawi yamasana, koma nthawi zonse pamadzi. Zitakwatirana, zazikazi zimasambira kupita kumalo obisalira, pambuyo pake zimadikirira mpaka usiku kenako kenako zimachoka m'madzi am'nyanja.
Chokwawa chimayenda mozungulira pamwamba pa mchenga, kupitirira malire a mafunde am'nyanja. Zisa zimakhazikitsidwa m'malo ouma kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo ndizachikale, osati maenje akuya kwambiri omwe akazi amakumba mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yolimba yam'mbuyo.
Nthawi zambiri, loggerhead clutch size imakhala pakati pa mazira 100-125. Mazira omwe amaikira amakhala ozungulira ndipo amakhala ndi chipolopolo chachikopa. Dzenje lokhala ndi mazira limayikidwa m'mchenga, kenako akaziwo amalowa m'nyanja mwachangu. Nyamayi imabwerera kumalo ake kukaikira mazira zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akamba am'madzi a Loggerhead amakwanitsa kutha msinkhu mochedwa, chifukwa chake amatha kubereka ana mchaka cha khumi cha moyo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale pambuyo pake.
Kukula kwa akamba kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, koma kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo ndi mawonekedwe azachilengedwe. Pa kutentha kwa 29-30zaKukula mofulumira, ndipo akazi ambiri amabadwa. M'nyengo yozizira, amuna ambiri amabadwa, ndipo njira yachitukuko imachedwetsa kwambiri.
Kubadwa kwa akamba mkati mwa chisa chimodzi kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi imodzi... Atabadwa, akamba obadwa kumene amatenga chofunda cha mchenga ndi mapazi awo ndikupita kunyanja. Mukuyenda, achinyamata ambiri amafa, ndikukhala mbalame za m'nyanja zazikulu kapena nyama zodya nyama zapadziko lapansi. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, akamba achichepere amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira za algae.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zokwawa zamtunduwu samangophatikizapo ziweto zokha, komanso anthu omwe amalowererapo m'malo amtundu wa nthumwi zam'madzi. Zachidziwikire, nyama yotereyi sichiwonongedwa chifukwa chodya nyama kapena chipolopolo, koma mazira a nyamayi amawerengedwa kuti ndi zakudya zabwino, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika, kuwonjezeredwa ku ndiwo zochuluka mchere ndikugulitsa kusuta.
M'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikiza Italy, Greece ndi Cyprus, kusaka nyama mozungulira pakadali pano ndikosaloledwa, komabe pali madera omwe mazira a loggerhead amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati aphrodisiac wofunidwa kwambiri.
Komanso, zinthu zoyipa zomwe zikukhudza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zokwawa zam'madzi ndizosintha kwakanthawi kanyumba ndi kukhazikika kwa magombe.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu
Akamba amitu yayikulu amakhala otetezeka mwamtheradi kwa anthu... M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala pali chizolowezi chosunga loggerhead ngati chiweto chachilendo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu aku Cuba amatulutsa mazira am'mimba mwa akazi apakati, amawasuta mkati mwa mazira ndikuwagulitsa ngati mtundu wa masoseji, ndipo ku Colombia amaphika ndiwo zotsekemera.
Pali anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kukhala ndi nyama zosazolowereka, koma chokwawa cham'madzi chomwe chinagulidwa kuti chisamalire nyumba chatsala pang'ono kufa komanso kuwawa, chifukwa ndizosatheka kupatsa wokhala m'madzi malo okwanira pawokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Loggerheads adatchulidwa kuti ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha Red Book ndipo nawonso ali pamndandanda wa Msonkhano ngati nyama zoletsedwa zamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Zamoyo zam'madzi zam'madzi ndizotetezedwa pansi pa malamulo amayiko monga America, Cyprus, Italy, Greece ndi Turkey.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti m'malamulo a eyapoti yapadziko lonse lapansi pachilumba cha Zakynthos, kukhazikitsidwa kwakhazikitsidwa pakunyamuka ndikufika kwa ndege kuyambira 00: 00 mpaka 04: 00. Lamuloli ndichifukwa choti usiku pamchenga wa gombe la Laganas, lomwe lili pafupi Pa bwalo la eyapoti, mikangano ikumayikira mazira onse.
