Discus (Latin Symphysodon, English Discus fish) ndi nsomba yokongola modabwitsa komanso yoyambirira mthupi mwake. Nzosadabwitsa kuti amatchedwa mafumu m'madzi amchere amchere.
Yaikulu, yowala modabwitsa, yosavuta kowala, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ... kodi si mafumu? Ndipo monga oyenera mafumu, osathamanga komanso olemekezeka.
Nsomba zamtendere komanso zokongolazi zimakopa anthu ochita masewera osakondera ngati nsomba ina iliyonse.
Nsombazi ndi za cichlids ndipo zidagawika m'magulu atatu, awiri mwa iwo omwe akhala akudziwika kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo imodzi yapezeka posachedwa.
Symphysodon aequifasciatus ndi Symphysodon discus ndi otchuka kwambiri, amakhala m'chigawo chapakati komanso chakumunsi kwa Mtsinje wa Amazon, ndipo amafanana kwambiri pamtundu ndi machitidwe.
Koma mtundu wachitatu, discus wabuluu (Symphysodon haraldi) udafotokozedwa posachedwa ndi Heiko Bleher ndipo akuyembekeza kugawa ndikutsimikizira.
Zachidziwikire, pakadali pano, zamoyo zakutchire ndizocheperako kuposa mitundu yazopanga. Ngakhale nsombazi zimakhala ndi utoto wosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe amtchire, sizimasinthidwa kukhala zamoyo zam'madzi, zimakhala ndi matenda ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo.
Kuphatikiza apo, iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yovuta kwambiri ya nsomba zamu aquarium, zomwe zimafunikira magawo amadzi okhazikika, aquarium yayikulu, kudyetsa bwino, ndipo nsomba yomweyi ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Kwawo ku South America: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, komwe amakhala ku Amazon ndi madera ake. Adayambitsidwa koyamba ku Europe pakati pa 1930 ndi 1940. Kuyesera koyambirira sikunapambane, koma kunapereka chidziwitso chofunikira.
M'mbuyomu, mitunduyi idagawika m'magulu angapo, komabe, maphunziro apambuyo adathetsa magawidwewo.
Pakadali pano pali mitundu itatu yodziwika yomwe imakhala m'chilengedwe: green discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), discus ya Heckel kapena discus yofiira (Symphysodon discus). Mtundu wachitatu wofotokozedwa ndi Heiko Bleher posachedwa ndi discus bulauni (Symphysodon haraldi).
Mitundu ya discus
Green Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus)
Yofotokozedwa ndi Pellegrin mu 1904. Amakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Amazon, makamaka mumtsinje wa Putumayo kumpoto kwa Peru, komanso ku Brazil ku Lake Tefe.
Heckel Discus (Symphysodon discus)
Kapena wofiira, woyamba kufotokozedwa mu 1840 ndi Dr. John Heckel (Johann Jacob Heckel), amakhala ku South America, ku Brazil m'mitsinje ya Rio Negro, Rio Trombetas.
Buluu Discus (Symphysodon haraldi)
Yoyamba kufotokozedwa ndi Schultz mu 1960. Amakhala m'malo otsika a Mtsinje wa Amazon
Kufotokozera
Iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri ya m'nyanja ya aquarium, yopangidwa ngati chimbale. Kutengera mitundu, imatha kutalika mpaka 15-25 cm. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwama cichlids omwe amakhala opindika pambuyo pake, chofanana ndi chimbale chomwe chidapangidwa, chomwe chidatchedwa dzina.
Pakadali pano, ndikosatheka kufotokoza mtunduwo, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa ndi akatswiri. Ngakhale kuwalemba okha kungatenge nthawi yayitali.
Odziwika kwambiri ndi magazi a njiwa, diamondi ya buluu, turkis, khungu la njoka, kambuku, pidgeon, wachikasu, wofiira ndi ena ambiri.
Koma, pokonzekera kuwoloka, nsombazi sizinangokhala ndi mtundu wowala, komanso chitetezo chofooka komanso chizolowezi chamatenda. Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe akutchire, iwo ndi opanda nzeru komanso ovuta.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Discus iyenera kusungidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zamadzi ndipo siabwino kwenikweni kukhala oyamba kumene.
Amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo zikhala zovuta ngakhale kwa ena odziwa zamadzi, makamaka pakuswana.
Vuto loyamba lomwe aquarist amakumana nalo atagula ndikulowetsa ku aquarium yatsopano. Nsomba zazikulu zimalekerera kusintha kwa nyumba, koma ngakhale zimakonda kupsinjika. Kukula kwakukulu, kudwaladwala, kufuna kukonza ndi kudyetsa, kutentha kwa madzi posungira, mfundo zonsezi ziyenera kudziwika ndikuzilingalira musanagule nsomba yanu yoyamba. Muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium yayikulu, sefa yabwino kwambiri, chakudya chamoto komanso kuleza mtima kwambiri.
Mukapeza nsomba, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, chifukwa amakhala ndi matenda omwe ali ndi semolina, ndi matenda ena, ndipo kusuntha kumabweretsa nkhawa ndikulimbikitsa matendawa.
Kudyetsa
Amadya makamaka nyama, amatha kukhala ozizira komanso amoyo. Mwachitsanzo: tubifex, bloodworms, brine shrimp, coretra, gammarus.
Koma, okonda amawadyetsa chakudya chamtundu wa discus, kapena nyama yosungunuka yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imaphatikizapo: mtima wamphongo, nyama ya nkhanu ndi nyama zamchere, zolumikizira nsomba, lunguzi, mavitamini, ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Pafupifupi aliyense wokonda zosangalatsa amakonda njira yake yotsimikizika, nthawi zina imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zolengedwa izi ndizamanyazi komanso zoletsa, ndipo nsomba zonse zikamadya, zimatha kukhazikika kwinakwake pakona ya aquarium. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsidwa ndi nsomba zina.
Tikuwonanso kuti zotsalira za chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni chomwe chimagwera pansi zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi, zomwe zimawononga nsomba. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kupopera pansi pafupipafupi, kapena osagwiritsa ntchito nthaka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi akatswiri.
Chakudya chamoyo, makamaka ma virus a magazi ndi tubifex, chimatha kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana komanso poyizoni wazakudya, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa mwina ndi nyama yosungunuka kapena zakudya zopangira.
Kujambula pa Amazon:
Kusunga mu aquarium
Kuti musunge muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium ya malita 250 kapena kupitilira apo, koma ngati mukufuna kusunga nsomba zingapo, ndiye kuti voliyumu iyenera kukhala yayikulu.
Popeza nsombayo ndi yayitali, aquarium ndiyofunika kwambiri, komanso yayitali. Fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu, siponi wanthawi zonse wa nthaka ndikubwezeretsa gawo lamadzi sabata iliyonse.
Discus ndiwokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zili ndi ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi, komanso magawo ndi kuyera kwa madzi. Ndipo ngakhale iwo eni amatulutsa zinyalala zochepa, makamaka amadya nyama yosungunuka, yomwe imawola msanga m'madzi ndikuipitsa.
Amakonda madzi ofewa, acidic pang'ono, ndipo potengera kutentha, amafunikira madzi otentha kuposa momwe nsomba zambiri zam'madera otentha zimafunikira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zikhale zovuta kupeza oyandikana nawo.
Kutentha kwachizolowezi cha 28-31 ° C, ph: 6.0-6.5, 10-15 dGH. Ndi magawo ena, chizolowezi cha matenda ndi kufa kwa nsomba chimakulirakulira.
Awa ndi nsomba zamanyazi kwambiri, samakonda phokoso lalikulu, mayendedwe mwadzidzidzi, kumenyedwa pamagalasi ndi oyandikana nawo osakhazikika. Ndibwino kuti mupeze aquarium m'malo omwe sangasokonezeke.
Zomera zam'madzi ndizoyenera ngati pali malo okwanira osambira. Koma, nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti sizomera zonse zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha pamwamba pa 28 C, ndipo ndizovuta kupeza mitundu yoyenera.
Zosankha: didiplis, vallisneria, anubias nana, ambulia, rotala indica.
Komabe, iwo omwe amakonda omwe safuna ndalama za feteleza, CO2 ndi kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri, ali nazo bwino mwa akatswiri azitsamba. Komabe, nsombazi ndizofunika zokha, popanda gulu. Ndipo akatswiri amawasunga m'malo am'madzi opanda zomera, nthaka, mitengo yolowerera ndi zokongoletsa zina.
Chifukwa chake, kuthandizira kwambiri kusamalira nsomba, ndikuchepetsa matenda.
Mukamatulutsa nsomba mu aquarium yanu, apatseni nthawi kuti athawe kupsinjika. Osayatsa magetsi, osayima pafupi ndi aquarium, ikani zomera mu aquarium kapena china chomwe nsomba chimatha kubisala.
Ngakhale ndizovuta komanso zovuta kuti zisamalire, zibweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu komanso chisangalalo kwa wokonda kuchita zomwe amakonda komanso osasintha.
Ngakhale
Mosiyana ndi ma cichlids ena, nsomba za discus ndizamtendere komanso nsomba zamtendere. Sangodya, ndipo samakumba ngati ma cichlids ambiri. Iyi ndi nsomba yophunzirira ndipo imakonda kukhala m'magulu a 6 kapena kupitilira apo ndipo samalekerera kusungulumwa.
Vuto pakusankhidwa kwa oyandikana nawo ndikuti amakhala ochedwa, amadya mosangalala ndikukhala kutentha kwamadzi komwe kumakwanira nsomba zina.
Chifukwa cha izi, komanso kuti musabweretse matenda, ma discus nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mumadzi osiyana.
Koma, ngati mukufunabe kuwonjezera oyandikana nawo, ndiye kuti ndi ogwirizana ndi: neon ofiira, apistogram ya Ramirezi, kumenyana kwa clown, tetra wofiira, Congo, ndi nsomba zingapo zamatchire kuti asungidwe a aquarium, mwachitsanzo, tarakatum, catfish wokhala ndi woyamwa m'malo mwake Pakamwa pake pamapewa bwino chifukwa amatha kuwukira nsomba zazing'ono.
Olima ena amalangiza kupewa makonde chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tiziromboti.
Kusiyana kogonana
N'zovuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna, zowona ndizotheka pokhapokha pobereka. Akatswiri amadzi am'madzi amasiyanitsa ndi mutu, champhongo chimakhala ndi mphumi wolimba komanso milomo yolimba.
Kuswana
Mutha kulemba zolemba zingapo zokhudza kuswana, ndipo ndibwino kuti muchite izi kwa oweta odziwa zambiri. Tikukuuzani zambiri.
Chifukwa chake, zimaswana, zimapanga zowoneka bwino, koma zimangosakanikirana ndi nsomba zina. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano, yomwe kale inali yosadziwika.
Mazira a nsomba amayikidwa pazomera, mitengo yolowerera, miyala, zokongoletsera; tsopano ma cones apadera amagulitsidwabe, omwe ndiosavuta kusamalira.
Ngakhale kubereka kumatha kuchita bwino m'madzi olimba, kuuma sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira 6 ° dGH kuti mazira apange. Madzi akuyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono (5.5 - 6 °), ofewa (3-10 ° dGH) ndi ofunda kwambiri (27.7 - 31 ° C).
Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 200-400, omwe amatuluka patadutsa maola 60. Kwa masiku 5-6 oyamba amoyo wawo, mwachangu amadyetsa pakhungu lomwe makolo awo amapanga.
