Czechoslovakian Wolfdog (yemwenso ndi Czechoslovakian wolfdog, Czech wolfdog, wolfund, Czech československý vlčák, English Czechoslovakian Wolfdog) ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse wopangidwa ku Czechoslovakia mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 20.
Zotsatira za kuyesaku, kuyesa kudziwa ngati zingatheke kuwoloka galu ndi nkhandwe, nkhandweyo idakhala mtundu wathanzi, wodziyimira pawokha. Ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa mitundu ina, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzitsa.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Zambiri ndizodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya mtunduwu kuposa agalu ena abwinobwino, popeza inali gawo la kuyesa kwasayansi komwe kunachitika pakati pa zaka za zana la 20. Mu 1955, boma la Czechoslovakia lidachita chidwi ndi kuthekera kowoloka mmbulu ndi galu.
Panthawiyo, galu wochokera ku nkhandweyo anali asanatsimikizidwe mwasayansi ndipo nyama zina zimawerengedwa ngati njira ina: nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe zofiira.
Asayansi aku Czechoslovak amakhulupirira kuti ngati nkhandwe ndi galu ndizofanana, ndiye kuti amatha kusinthana mosavuta ndikupereka ana athunthu, achonde.
Pali zitsanzo zambiri pomwe mitundu iwiri ingathe kuyanjana, koma ana awo amakhala osabala. Mwachitsanzo, bulu (wosakanizidwa wa kavalo ndi bulu) kapena liger (wosakanizidwa ndi mkango ndi nyalugwe).
Kuti ayese nthanthi yawo, adaganiza zoyambitsa kuyesa kwasayansi motsogozedwa ndi Lt. Col. Karel Hartl. Mimbulu inayi ya Carpathian (mtundu wa nkhandwe wamba ku Carpathians) adamugwirira.
Anatchedwa Argo, Brita, Lady ndi Sharik. Kumbali inayi, agalu a 48 Shepherd a ku Germany adasankhidwa pamizere yabwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza Z Pohranicni Straze Line.
Kenako agalu ndi mimbulu zidawoloka mwamphamvu. Zotsatirazo zinali zabwino, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ana anali achonde ndipo amatha kubereka. O chonde adadutsidwa pakati pawo mzaka khumi zikubwerazi ndipo panalibe wosabala pakati pawo.
Mitunduyi idalandira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe apadera, mofanana ndi mimbulu kuposa agalu.
Komabe, galu woweta waku Germany yemweyo ndi m'modzi mwa agalu oyandikana kwambiri ndi mmbulu wowoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, mimbulu imakonda kubangula ndipo inali yophunzitsika kwambiri kuposa agalu opanda mbewa.
Anayamba kutchedwa mmbulu wa Czechoslovakian kapena nkhandwe, wolfund.
Mu 1965, kuyesa kuswana kunatha, boma la Czechoslovakia lidakondwera ndi zotsatirazi. Asitikali ndi apolisi mdziko muno adagwiritsa ntchito agalu mozama pazolinga zawo, makamaka abusa aku Germany.
Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri ankadutsa pakati pawo, zomwe zidadzetsa matenda obadwa nawo ndikuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito. Chimodzi mwazolinga zoyeserera chinali kuyesa ngati magazi a nkhandwe angasinthe thanzi la mtunduwo ndikukhudza machitidwe. Pofika kumapeto kwa ma 1960, alonda akumalire a Czechoslovak anali kugwiritsa ntchito agalu a nkhandwe m'malire, anali kugwira ntchito apolisi ndi gulu lankhondo.
Zotsatira za kuyesaku zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti nyumba zapadera ndi zaboma zidayamba kubzala mbulu ya Czechoslovakian.
Adayesa kulimbikitsa zotsatirazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anali athanzi komanso achifundo ngati mimbulu komanso ophunzitsidwa ngati m'busa waku Germany. Sizinali zotheka kukwaniritsa bwino ngakhale patadutsa zaka.
Mbali inayi, mmbulu waku Czech ndiwathanzi kuposa agalu ambiri abwinobwino, komano, ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzitsa kuposa momwe alili. Ophunzitsa aku Czechoslovak adatha kuwaphunzitsa malamulo ambiri, koma zinafunika khama kwambiri, ndipo amakhala osamvera komanso olamulidwa kuposa agalu ena.
Mu 1982, Czechoslovak Cynological Society idazindikira mtunduwo ndikuupatsa ulemu wadziko.
Mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, nkhandwe ya Czechoslovakian inali yosadziwika kunja kwa kwawo, ngakhale ena anali m'maiko achikominisi. Mu 1989, Czechoslovakia idayamba kuyandikira mayiko aku Europe ndipo mu 1993 idagawika Czech Republic ndi Slovakia.
Mitunduyi idakula ndikudziwika ndi International Cynological Federation (ICF) mu 1998. Kuzindikira uku kunakulitsa chidwi pamtunduwu ndikuyamba kutumizidwa kumayiko ena.
Ngakhale Wolfdog waku Czechoslovakian adachokera ku Czechoslovakia, malinga ndi miyezo ya ICF dziko limodzi lokha ndi lomwe limatha kuwongolera mtundu wa mbalame ndipo Slovakia idakondedwa.
Wolfdogs adabwera ku America mchaka cha 2006, United Kennel Club (UKC) idazindikira mtunduwo, koma AKC idazindikira mtunduwo mpaka lero.
Mu 2012, panali pafupifupi 70 mwa iwo mdzikolo, okhala m'maboma 16. Kuyambira Januware 2014, ambiri aiwo anali ku Italy (mpaka 200), Czech Republic (pafupifupi 100) ndi Slovakia (pafupifupi 50).
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yamakono, Wolfdogs ambiri aku Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs amakhalabe agalu ogwira ntchito, makamaka ku Czech Republic, Slovakia ndi Italy. Komabe, mafashoni awo akudutsa, agalu oyendetsa bwino komanso ophunzitsidwa amasankhidwa pantchitoyo.
Zikuwoneka kuti mtsogolomo adzakhala agalu okhaokha. Ngakhale kuti kutchuka kwa mtunduwu kukukulirakulira, agalu a nkhandwe amakhalabe osowa m'maiko ena.
Kufotokozera
Nkhandwe ya Czechoslovakian ili pafupi kufanana ndi nkhandweyo ndipo ndiyosavuta kusokoneza nayo. Monga mimbulu, amawonetsa mawonekedwe azakugonana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amuna ndi akazi amasiyana kwambiri kukula.
Wolfdogs ndi ochepa kukula kuposa mitundu ina ya agalu a nkhandwe, koma izi ndichifukwa choti Nkhandwe ya Carpathian idagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana, yomwe ndi yaying'ono payokha.
Amuna omwe amafota amafika 65 cm ndikulemera 26 kg, kuluma 60 cm ndikulemera 20 kg. Mtundu uwu uyenera kuwoneka wachilengedwe, wopanda mawonekedwe. Amakhala othamanga kwambiri komanso othamanga, koma mawonekedwe awa amabisika pansi pa malaya awo akuda.
Kufanana kwa nkhandwe kumawonekera pamapangidwe amutu. Ndizofanana, mofanana ndi mphete yosalala. Sitimayi ndi yosalala, pafupifupi yosavomerezeka. Mphuno ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso 50% yayitali kuposa chigaza, koma osati yotakata kwambiri. Milomo ndi yolimba, nsagwada ndizolimba, kulumako kumakhala ngati lumo kapena molunjika.
Mphuno ndi yozungulira, yakuda. Maso ndi ochepa, oyika bwino, amber kapena abulawuni. Makutu ndi afupiafupi, amakona atatu, okhazikika. Amayendetsa bwino kwambiri ndipo amafotokoza momveka bwino momwe galu ndi momwe akumvera. Maganizo a galu ndiwopanda mphamvu komanso mphamvu.
Mkhalidwe wa malaya umadalira kwambiri nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala cholimba komanso chothinana, makamaka malaya amkati.
M'nyengo yotentha, imakhala yayifupi kwambiri komanso yocheperako. Iyenera kuphimba thupi lonse la galu, kuphatikiza m'malo omwe mitundu ina yoyera ilibe: m'makutu, ntchafu zamkati, zikopa.
Mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa Carpathian wolf, zonal, kuyambira wachikaso mpaka imvi mpaka siliva. Pamaso pali chigoba chaching'ono, tsitsi limakhala lakuda pang'ono pakhosi ndi pachifuwa. Mtundu wosavuta koma wovomerezeka ndi wakuda mdima.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, ana a nkhandwe amabadwa ndi mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, yakuda kapena yopanda chigoba pankhope. Agalu otere sangaloledwe kuswana ndikuwonetsa, koma amasungabe zikhalidwe zonse za mtunduwo.
Khalidwe
Khalidwe la mmbulu waku Czech ndi mtanda pakati pa galu woweta ndi nkhandwe yakutchire. Ali ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yomwe imabadwa mimbulu osati chibadwa cha agalu.
Mwachitsanzo, kutentha koyamba kumachitika mchaka choyamba cha moyo, kenako kamodzi pachaka. Ngakhale agalu ambiri amatentha kawiri kapena katatu pachaka.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yeniyeni, kuswana kwa nkhandwe kumakhala nyengo yake ndipo ana agalu amabadwa makamaka nthawi yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi ulamuliro wolimba kwambiri komanso chibadwa chocheza, samauwa, koma amalira.
Mmbulu ungaphunzitsidwe kuuwa, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iye. Ndipo amakhalanso odziyimira pawokha ndipo amafunikira kuwongolera anthu kocheperako kuposa mitundu ina. Monga nkhandwe, nkhandwe ya Czechoslovakian imakhala usiku ndipo ambiri amakhala otakataka usiku.
Agaluwa amatha kukhala achibale okhulupirika kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe awo apadera amawapangitsa kukhala osayenera aliyense.
Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kukonda kwambiri banja. Ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti agalu ambiri ndi ovuta, mwinanso osatheka, kupatsira eni eni eni. Amakonda munthu m'modzi, ngakhale amalandila abale ena.
Sakonda kufotokoza zakukhosi kwawo ndipo amaletsa ngakhale iwowo. Ubale ndi ana umatsutsana. Ambiri ali bwino ndi ana, makamaka ngati anakulira nawo. Komabe, ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwakhumudwitsa, ndipo salola kuti masewera ovuta ayende bwino.
Ana achilendo ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndi agalu amenewa. Ndibwino kuti ana azikula, kuyambira zaka 10.
Popeza agaluwa amafunikira njira yapadera ndi maphunziro, adzakhala chisankho choyipa kwambiri kwa oweta agalu oyamba kumene. M'malo mwake, okhawo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokhala ndi mitundu yayikulu, yofunika kwambiri amafunika kuweta.
Amakonda kukhala ndi banja m'malo mokhala ndi alendo omwe amawakayikira mwachilengedwe. Kuyanjana koyambirira ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa Wolfdog, apo ayi kuponderezana ndi alendo sikungachitike.
Ngakhale agalu odekha samasangalala ndi alendo ndipo sadzawalandila bwino.
Ngati membala watsopano awonekera m'banjamo, zimatha kutenga zaka kuti azolowere, ndipo ena sangazolowere kuzolowera.
Agalu a mimbulu ya Czechoslovakian amakhala ndi gawo limodzi komanso amamvera ena chisoni, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyang'anira abwino, omwe mawonekedwe awo amatha kuwopseza aliyense. Komabe, Rottweilers kapena Cane Corso ali bwino pantchitoyi.
Amakumana ndi mitundu yonse yaukali kwa agalu ena, kuphatikiza madera, zogonana komanso kuwongolera. Ali ndi maudindo okhwimitsa omwe amachititsa mikangano mpaka itakhazikitsidwa.
Komabe, atapanga gulu loyanjana, amakhala bwino, makamaka ndi mtundu wawo ndipo amapanga gulu. Pofuna kupewa kukwiya, ndibwino kuwasunga ndi agalu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Ndi nyama zolusa ngati mimbulu. Ambiri amathamangitsa ndikupha nyama zina: amphaka, agologolo, agalu ang'onoang'ono.
Ambiri amawopseza omwe adakhala nawo moyo wawo kuyambira atabadwa, ndipo palibe chonena za alendo.
Mmbulu wa Czechoslovakian ndiwanzeru ndipo amatha kumaliza bwino ntchito iliyonse. Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwaphunzitsa.
Samayesa kukondweretsa mwiniwake, ndipo amachita lamulolo pokhapokha ngati awona tanthauzo lake. Kukakamiza nkhandwe kuti ichite zinazake, iyenera kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake iyenera kuchitira.
Kuphatikiza apo, amatopa msanga ndi chilichonse ndikukana kutsatira malamulowo, zivute zitani. Amamvera malamulo mosankha, ndipo amawachita moyipa kwambiri. Izi sizitanthauza kuti ndizosatheka kuphunzitsa galu wammbulu, koma ngakhale ophunzitsa odziwa zambiri nthawi zina sangathe kupirira.
Popeza kuti maudindo azachikhalidwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa iwo, agaluwa samvera aliyense amene amamuwona kuti ali pansipa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwini wake nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala wapamwamba pamaso pa galu.
Pofunafuna chakudya, mimbulu imayenda makilomita ambiri, ndipo a German Shepherd amatha kugwira ntchito mosatopa kwa maola ambiri. Chifukwa chake kuchokera ku mtundu wawo wosakanizidwa, wina ayenera kuyembekezera magwiridwe antchito, komanso zofunika kuchita. Volchak amafunika osachepera ola limodzi tsiku lililonse, ndipo iyi siulendo wopuma.
Ndi mnzake wothamanga kapena kupalasa njinga, koma m'malo otetezeka. Popanda kutulutsa mphamvu, nkhandwe imatha kukhala ndi machitidwe owononga, kusakhazikika, kulira, kupsa mtima.
Chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri pakatundu, amakhala osayenera kwenikweni kukhala m'nyumba; nyumba yabwinobwino yokhala ndi bwalo lalikulu ikufunika.
Chisamaliro
Kutsuka kophweka kwambiri, kokhazikika ndikokwanira. Nkhandwe ya Czechoslovakian ndiyabwino kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndipo ilibe fungo la galu.
Amasungunuka ndipo ndi ochuluka kwambiri, makamaka nyengo. Pakadali pano, amafunika kuphatikiza tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zaumoyo
Monga tanenera kale, ndi mtundu wathanzi kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zakusakanizidwa chinali kulimbikitsa thanzi ndipo agalu a nkhandwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mitundu ina ya agalu.
Kutalika kwa moyo wawo kumakhala zaka 15 mpaka 18.
