Aquarium fern imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo abwino okhala m'madzi - amadzimva otetezedwa m'nyanja yamchere yokhala ndi zomera zam'madzi. Chombo chokhala ndi zobiriwira chimawoneka chokongola kwambiri kuposa chotengera momwe mulibe malo obiriwira ndipo anthu onse amakhala owonekera. Eni ake a aquarium, okongoletsedwa bwino ndi fern, moss, maluwa, amasangalala nawo, chifukwa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi ndizowonjezera mpweya.
Maferns ambiri amakono adutsa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri ndipo sanasinthe, kusinthika kwawo kwaima. Zomera zakale izi zili ndi mibadwo mazana ndi mitundu masauzande ambiri. Koma palinso ma fern a aquarium, opangidwa ndi obereketsa. Kusankhidwa kwa aquarium ferns ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe kumakhala ndi zomera zokongola komanso zotchuka.
Mitundu ya ferns yochititsa chidwi
Zomera sizikakamira kuzinthu zakunja, zimatha kusintha, ndipo nthawi yatsimikizira izi. Zomwe amafanana ndikuti masamba angoyamba kumene kukula ndipo ndi dongosolo la nthambi. Mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana pamitundu, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi tchire, rhizome.
Bolbitis (Bolbitis) wabanja la Shchitovnikov
Bolbitis fern wokhala ndi tsinde lomwe likukula, chifukwa chake masamba am'madzi amatenga malo osazolowereka, ndipo mamba agolide pamitengo ndi mapesi a masamba asanduka zokongoletsa zam'madzi. Kutalika, kumakula mpaka 60 cm, tsinde limatha kufikira 1 cm, ndipo tsamba m'lifupi - mpaka masentimita 20. Masamba ndi olimba, opinikizika, amdima kapena a neon wobiriwira, owala pang'ono pang'ono.
Mapangidwe a ana amphukira pamasamba ndi osowa; chifukwa chobereka, masamba amasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chachikulu. Mitengo yatsopano imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Kuti bolbitis ikhazikike ndikukula bwino, mizu sikuyenera kumizidwa pansi. Pofuna kukonza fern, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi (zotanuka) kuti mumangirire chomeracho pamtengo kapena mwala. Pamalo atsopano, bolbitis imayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndibwino kuti musayigwire mosafunikira. Ikazolowera, imayamba kukula bwino ndikukula kukhala chitsamba mpaka masamba 30. Chomera chachikulu choterocho chimatha kugawidwa kale.
Azolla carolinian (Azolla caroliniana)
Fern uyu amatanthauza zomera zomwe sizimera pansi pamadzi, koma pamwamba pake. Ma azoll angapo oyandama pafupi nawo amakhala mbali ina yamadzi ngati kapeti.
Pa tsinde la chomeracho, chomangirizidwa chimodzichimodzi, pali masamba osakhwima ndi osaphuka. Zomwe zili pamwamba pamadzi zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu, zomwe zimamizidwa m'madzi zimakhala zobiriwira. Gawo lamadzi pamwambapa ndi lalikulu - limadyetsa tsinde, ndere zomwe zimamera patsamba zimalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni. M'munsi, pansi pamadzi, tsamba limakhala lowonda, ma spores amalumikizidwa nalo.
Chomeracho chimayamba nyengo yotentha, chimagona m'nyengo yozizira. Kudzichepetsa, kumalekerera mosavuta kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa 20-28 ° C. Kutentha kwa chilengedwe kukatsikira ku 16 ° C, imasiya kukula ndipo pamapeto pake imayamba kufa - imagwera pansi, imavunda. Masika, zipatso zabwino zimabala mbewu zatsopano.
Ma Fern samakonda madzi akuda mu aquarium, ndipo muyenera kuwonjezeranso madzi mu thankiyo. Mukamasamalira Azolla, muyenera kuyang'anira kulimba kwake (madzi sayenera kukhala owuma) komanso opepuka. Azolla amafunikira kuwala kwa maola 12 kuti akule.
Ngati pali ferns yambiri, kapeti wobiriwira woyandama amatha kuchotsedwa.
Mutha kupulumutsa azolla m'nyengo yozizira poyika gawo lina la chomeracho pamalo ozizira (mpaka 12 ° C) kugwa, komanso ma moss onyowa. Mu Epulo, fern wopulumutsidwa amayenera kubwerera ku aquarium.
Marsilea crenata
Pali mitundu ingapo yotchuka ya Marsilia, imodzi mwa izo ndi krenata. Chomeracho chimabzalidwa m'nthaka. Tsinde, lokhala ndi timitengo tating'ono tambiri, lomwe limasiya kukula kwa 5 mm mpaka 3 cm, limakula mozungulira. Nthambizo zimayandikana, kuyambira 0,5 cm mpaka 2 cm.Marsilia krenata m'madzi akuwoneka bwino chifukwa cha utoto wobiriwira wamasamba.
Chomeracho chimakula bwino kumizidwa m'madzi.
Mtundu wa Marsilia siwofanana ndi kuuma ndi acidity wamadzi, sakonda kuwala kowala, koma umakonda kuwunikira kwapakatikati komanso kotsika.
Marsilea hirsuta
Fern aquarium iyi imachokera ku Australia, koma imapezeka mwachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi. Ma Aquarists amaigwiritsa ntchito popanga malo okongola achitetezo chamadzi. Masamba a marsilia hirsut ali ngati clover; ikabzalidwa m'malo am'madzi, mawonekedwe a phazi, ngati chomeracho sichili bwino, chimasintha. Pakhoza kukhala 3.2 ndipo ngakhale tsamba limodzi pa phesi.
Mphukira yazomera imafalikira padziko lapansi, pamodzi ndi iyo, masamba a fern amafalikira pamakapeti wobiriwira. Marsilia hirsuta amabzalidwa pansi ndi zilumba, kulekanitsa magulu atatu a masamba kuchokera pa tsinde ndikukulira pansi ndi zopalira. Mizu ya chomera chatsopano imayamba msanga, ndipo mtengo wa kangaude umakula ndi masamba achikaso achikasu, omwe amasandulika obiriwira.
Chomeracho chimakonda kuyatsa bwino, nthaka yamatope, mpweya wokwanira. Pakakhala zinthu zabwino, Marsilia Hirsuta amafalikira pansi pamadzi.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, mutha kudula masambawo ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri ndikukhathamira ndi lumo lonse lanthaka.
Pamene ngakhale kumeta tsitsi sikugwira ntchito, ndi nthawi yobzala mbewu zazing'ono. Chophimba cha Marsilia chimachotsedwa, magulu odalirika kwambiri amasankhidwa mmenemo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande.
Micrantemum "Monte Carlo" (Micranthemum sp. Monte Carlo)
Zitha kuwoneka zosadabwitsa, koma ma aquarium ferns akupezekabe masiku ano. Chomera chosadziwika cha fern chidapezeka pamitsinje ya Argentina mu 2010. Adalembetsedwa ngati Monte Carlo Micrantemum ndipo adayamba kutchuka pakati pamadzi. Pachifukwa ichi, ili ndi masamba akulu okwanira, omwe amasiyanitsa micrantemum ndi ma analog a pafupi. M'nthaka, imakonzedwa bwino kotero kuti ndikoyenera kunena kuti imaluma ndipo siyiyandama pamwamba.
Mukamabzala Monte Carlo micrantemum, muyenera kudula mizu yayitali, ndikubalalitsa mbandeyo patali.
Mwa kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya micrantemum, akatswiri am'madzi amakwaniritsa nyimbo zoyambirira. Kusintha kosalala kuchokera pama ferns ang'onoang'ono kupita kuzomera zazikulu za aquarium kumawonjezera chidwi.
Mitundu ya Thai ferns
Mafinya amakonda malo otentha komanso achinyezi, ndipo mitundu yambiri yamchere yamchere yamchere imapezeka ku Thailand.
Zotchinga ku Thai (Microsorum pteropus "Narrow")
Microsorium imafanana ndi chitsamba, chokhala ndi zimayambira zazitali ndi masamba. Zimayambira, zokutidwa ndi villi yaying'ono, ndi mizu ya chomera chofanana ndi fern. Zimayambira sizilowa m'nthaka, koma zimafalikira. Chifukwa chake, zilibe kanthu kwa microzorium ngati nthaka ili ndi miyala kapena ayi.
Mukamabzala microzorium, sikofunikira kuponda mizu m'nthaka. Mbeu imangoyikidwa pansi ndikukanikizidwa ndi mwala kuti isakwere pamwamba.
Microzorium imabzalidwa m'madzi akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, mozungulira mozungulira komanso pakati. Ngati chidebecho ndi madzi ndi chachikulu - m'magulu.
M'khola lanyumba, fern wa masamba ochepera ku Thailand amawoneka okongola. Kuti masambawo azikhala okongoletsa ndikusunga malo obiriwira, chomeracho chiyenera kupatsidwa kuwala.
Izi sizimakonda madzi olimba, zimadwala ndikuphimbidwa ndi mawanga akuda. Kutentha kwabwino kwa iye ndi + 24 ° C, pamtengo wotsika chomeracho chimalepheretsa kukula kwake.
Thai Windelov (Microsorum Pteropus "Windelov")
Mtundu uwu wa aquarium fern umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba omwe amakhala nthambi pamwamba, monga nyerere. Chifukwa cha nthambi, tchire limapeza kukongola ndi mawonekedwe apachiyambi, omwe amchere am'madzi amawakonda. Kutalika kwa masamba a chomera chachikulu kumafikira 30 cm, pang'ono kuposa masentimita 5. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, kuchokera ku azitona mpaka kubiri yakuya, utoto.
Vindelov ili ndi mizu yofooka, ndipo chomeracho chimamatira pamiyala, mitengo yolowerera motero chimakonza malowo. Ngati Vernelov fern kukwera pamwamba, osati motalika. Pansi pa kulemera kwake, ipitabe pansi pamadzi.
Sikoyenera kuyambitsa rhizome ya Thai Vindelov m'nthaka, iyamba kuvunda pamenepo.
Sichifuna chisamaliro, chimakula bwino m'madzi abwino komanso amchere. Amapanga pang'onopang'ono.
