Mbalame zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi malo osungira madzi. Komabe, okhawo omwe amadziwa kukhala pamwamba pa nyanja, mitsinje, nyanja amatchedwa mbalame zam'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, adokowe ndi zitsamba, zimangoyendayenda m'madzi osaya, kupha nsomba kumeneko.
Koma abakha, cormorants amasambira, amathira. Dzina lawo lenileni silasayansi. Ndi kupambana komweko, nsomba, nkhanu ndi nsomba zingaphatikizidwe ndi mawu oti "nyama zam'madzi". Koma, pakadali pano, za mbalame zam'madzi. Pali mayunitsi 7.
Anseriformes mbalame zam'madzi
Zolemba zimaphatikizapo mabanja awiri: bakha ndi palamedeas. Zomalizazi ndizolemera komanso zazikulu. Mutu wa palamedes ndi wawung'ono, ndipo khosi limakhala lalitali. Bakha amakhalanso ndi mapazi a ukadaulo, mlomo wokutidwa bwino, komanso thupi lotambalala.
Mabanja awiri a oda Anseriformes agawika m'magulu 50 a mbalame. Pali mitundu ya mbalame 150 mmenemo. Mwa iwo:
Atsekwe
Ali ndi chikwama chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndipo ali ndi mlomo womwe m'munsi mwake ndiwokulirapo kuposa mulifupi. Pamapeto pa "mphuno" pali mtundu wa marigold wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwakuthwa. Kuphatikiza pa atsekwe oweta, pali zilombo 10:
1. Andean. Ili ndi mlomo wofiira ndi miyendo, mutu woyera, khosi komanso kutsogolo kwa thupi. Kudzera m'kati mwa bulauni, utoto "umayenda" kukhala wakuda. Amakuta theka lakumbuyo kwa thupi, gawo lina lamapiko, ndi mchira.
Mitunduyi ndi yofanana kwa akazi ndi abambo. Otsatirawa ndi okulirapo pang'ono, amafika masentimita 80 m'litali, ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 3.5 kilogalamu. Dzina la mitunduyo limasonyeza malo okhala. Awa ndi mapiri okwera a Andes, Chile, Argentina, Peru. Pansi pa 3 zikwi mita pamwamba pa nyanja, atsekwe amtunduwu samatsika kawirikawiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri matalala atagwa kwambiri m'mapiri.
Ziweto za Andes mumalo otsetsereka audzu
2. Wofiirira. Uyu ndiye kholo la atsekwe woweta pakhomo. Mbalameyi idayamba kuweta ziweto mu 1300 BC. Atsekwe otsalira m'chilengedwe ndi akulu kuposa ena, mpaka kutalika kwa 90 masentimita. Atsekwe ena a imvi amalemera makilogalamu 6. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako. Mtundu, oimira akazi ndi ofanana, onse otuwa.
The tsekwe imvi ndi moyo wamba
3. Phiri. Poyamba kuchokera ku Central Asia. Ambiri amakhala ku Kazakhstan, Mongolia ndi China. Zikuwonekeratu kuchokera ku dzina la mitunduyo kuti oimira ake amasankha madera akumapiri.
Kumeneko mbalame zimadziwika ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda yoyera pamutu woyera. Mzere umodzi umadutsa kumbuyo kwa mutu kuchokera pa diso kupita ku diso. Mzere wina uli pampando wamutu ndi khosi. Pansi pake ndi thupi la mbalameyi ndi imvi.
4. Woyera. Amabereka m'maiko a Canada, Greenland, Eastern Siberia. Kupanda kutero, mtunduwo umatchedwa polar. Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa nthenga zoyera, mapiko akuda akuda. Mapazi ndi milomo ya mbalameyi ndi pinki. Mbali yapadera ndifupikitsidwa, khosi lakuda.
5. tsekwe za nyemba. Amapezeka kumtunda wa kontinenti ya Eurasia. Mlomo wa nthengawo uli ndi mphete ya pinki pakati, pakati pa utoto wakuda. Mitengo mbalame zam'madzi Mitundu imvi. Kumbuyo ndi mapiko kuli mdima.
Umu ndi m'mene tsekwe zimasiyanirana ndi tsekwe imvi, yemwe mtundu wake ndi yunifolomu. Palinso zosiyana kukula. Nyemba tsekwe za nyemba sizipitilira ma kilogalamu asanu.
6. Beloshey. Apo ayi amatchedwa buluu. Mbalameyi ili ndi msana woyera pakhosi. Thupi lonse limakhala lofiirira, lophatikizika ndi magawo oyera osawoneka bwino. Chimawoneka ngati buluu. Chifukwa chake dzina lina.
Mbalame yomwe imanyamula imafika masentimita 90 m'litali ndi kulemera kwake kwa makilogalamu 3.5. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Alaska, Canada, USA, Siberia.
7. Mtsinje wa Nailo. Inayambitsidwa ku Central Europe m'zaka za zana la 18. Izi zisanachitike, mbalame zimangokhala m'chigwa cha Nile komanso ku Africa. Anaganiza zonyamula mbalamezo chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wokongola. Pazithunzi za beige, pali malo oyera oyera, obiriwira, akuda.
Maso ali m'malire a bulauni. Milomo ndi zikhomo za nyama ndi zofiira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa tsekwe za Nile ndi 4 kilogalamu. Nthenga yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zake poteteza madera ake, sikubwereketsa kubanja.
8. Sukhonos. Ndi yayikulu, koma yocheperako kuposa tsekwe imvi. Kutalika kutalika kwa mphuno youma ndi masentimita 100. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi 4 kilogalamu.
Mtundu wa mbalameyi ndi bulauni wokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera. Pansi pa mulomo palinso mzere woyera. Ndi wakuda. Ngati tsekwe ndi zazing'ono, palibe mzere woyera pansi pamlomo.
Sukhonos amadziwika mosavuta ndi milomo yake yakuda
9. Magellans. Zofanana ku South America. Mu chithunzi mbalame zam'madzi nthawi zambiri amadzionetsera m'madambo. Paulendo wawo wobiriwira, mbalame zimalemera makilogalamu 2.5-3.5 ndi kutalika kwa 70 sentimita.
Ndi wachikuda bulauni. Mutu ndi wauve. Izi ndizosiyana zazimayi. Amuna ali ndi mutu woyera ndi chifuwa choyera. Izi ndi mitundu yokhayo ya atsekwe omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
10. Nkhuku. Mtundu wa atsekwe waku Australia, wodziwika bwino ndikuyika kwakuda kozungulira pamitambo yakuda. Zolemba zili pafupi ndi mchira. Mayanjano ndi peacock amatha. Mlomo wapamwamba wa tsekwe wachikasu ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga awiri akuda. Mlomo womwewo ndi mdima. Mapazi a mbalameyi ndi pinki.
Atsekwe ambiri ali pangozi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwonongedwa kwa mbalame chifukwa cha nthenga yamtengo wapatali, yomwe yataya kufunika kwake, ndi nyama, yomwe imawonedwa ngati mbale mpaka lero.
Abakha
Kuphatikiza pa atsekwe, gululi limaphatikizanso abakha. Amakwaniritsa makilogalamu awiri ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono:
- Mtsinje, womwe umaphatikizaponso mallard, shirokonoska, mluzi, pintail, mkodzo wamphongo yopapatiza komanso wowononga tiyi
- kutsika pansi pamadzi, komwe owerengera owerengeka amawerengedwa, abakha ndi bakha wamutu wapinki
- mergansers, omwe amaphatikizapo mamba, apakatikati ndi akulu
Ogulitsa amasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wopapatiza komanso wokhota kumapeto. Abakha pamadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthenga zokongola. Mitundu yamitsinje imakweza mchira wawo pamwamba pamadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba posambira.
Swans
Swans onse amakhala ndi mayendedwe abwino, olumikizana ndi thupi ndi khosi lalitali. Mbalame m'gululi zidagawika m'mitundu 7:
1. Wakuda waku Australia ndi North America. Mlomo wa nthenga wofiira kwambiri, woyera kumapeto. Pamodzi ndi mulomo, kutalika kwa thupi lakuda ndi masentimita 140. Nyamayo imalemera makilogalamu 9.
2. Khosi lakuda. Thupi lake ndi loyera ndipo nsonga ya mulomo wake ndi imvi. Ndi kutalika kwake masentimita 140, mbalameyi imalemera osapitirira 6.5 kilogalamu.
3. Ng'ombe yosalankhula, yomwe imakonda ku Ulaya ndi Asia, imapindula makilogalamu 15. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumafika masentimita 180. Mapazi a osalankhula ndi akuda, milomo ndi yofiira, ndipo nthenga zake ndi zoyera.
4. Woliza lipenga. izo mbalame zoyera zam'madzi ndi mlomo wakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama kumafika masentimita 180, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi ma 13 kilos.
5. Mantha. Pamlomo wakuda wa mbalame yoyera ngati iyi pali cholowa chachikaso. Kutalika kwa Whooper sikudutsa masentimita 145. Mbalameyi imalemera makilogalamu 12 okha.
6. Swan American. Zikuwoneka ngati whooper kupatula khosi lalifupi komanso mutu wozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, waku America ndi wopepuka ma kilogalamu a 2 kuposa wachibale.
7. Nkhumba zazing'ono. Kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ya mbalame zam'madzi ngati nthenga za 140 masentimita kutalika kwake zolemera pafupifupi 9 kilos. Mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi mitundu yaku America komanso whooper. Komabe, mlomo wa kachiwombankhanga uli ndi kachitidwe kake, monga chala cha munthu.
Khosi lalitali la swans limalola kuti apeze chakudya osadumphira m'madzi. Ndikokwanira kutsitsa mutu wako m'madzi ndikudula mbewu, kutola nkhanu, nsomba zazing'ono.
Zina Zojambula
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yanthawi zonse, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika komanso zosowa kwa nzika zimayikidwa ngati ma anserifomu. Ndi:
- nyanga ya palamedea, yomwe imakhala ndi masentimita 10 pamutu, nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera ndipo imakumana ku Brazil
- barnacle goose, wopezeka pa Novaya Zemlya ndi Greenland, wokhala ndi nthenga zoyera komanso masaya oyera ngati chipale akuthwa wakuda
Mbalame zamatenda zimakhala padziko lonse lapansi kupatula ku Antarctica. Kunja kwake, oyimilira gulu ambiri amakhala. Ndi mbalame zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira ozizira.
Mbalame za Loon
Onse ndi am'banja la loon, chifukwa ndi abale. Mwachitsanzo, nyanga ya palamedea pakati pa atsekwe imawoneka ngati yachilendo. Nyama zonse ndizofanana, zidagawika m'magulu asanu:
1. Kanyama kansalu koyera, kofala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Mbalameyi ndi yakuda ndi yoyera yokhala ndi mawonekedwe omveka. Pamwamba pa khosi la loon ndi yopepuka. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo.
2. Wofiira pabere. Sichimalemera makilogalamu oposa 2.5. Izi zimapangitsa mbalame ya khosi lofiira kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri pakati pa anyani onse. Kutalika kwanyama kumakhala masentimita 69. Pali malo ofiira ofiira pakhosi pa mbalameyi. Nthenga zonsezo ndi zofiirira.
3. Zolipiritsa zoyera. Mosiyana ndi izi, chifuwa chofiira, chachikulu kwambiri, chimapeza pafupifupi 7 kilogalamu. Mlomo wa nyama, monga dzinalo limatanthauza, ndi woyera. Nthenga za m'madzi imvi-bulauni ndi beige undertones, variegated.
4. Wotchipa. Misonkho yoyera pang'ono. Kulemera kwa nyama kumafikira makilogalamu 6.3. Mlomo wam'madzi wakuda, ngati mutu ndi khosi. Yotsirizira ndi wonyezimira wobiriwira. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wakuda ndi woyera, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe omveka.
5. Wakuda pakhosi. Ndi khosi lakuda ndi kumbuyo kwake imvi, ali ndi mimba yoyera. Mbalameyi imalemera makilogalamu osapitirira 3.5. Kutalika kwakutali kwa nyama yakuda yakuda ndi masentimita 75. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Alaska ndi ku Eurasia.
Nyama sikuti ndi mbalame za m'madzi zokha. Oimira gululi amakhala pamadzi, amapita kumtunda kokha chifukwa chobzala ndi kubzala mazira.
Pelican
Gulu la azungu limatchedwa copepods. Zala zonse mbalame olumikizidwa ndi Kakhungu kamodzi. Umu ndi momwe mapazi a mbalame za mabanja 5 amapangidwira. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabakha, intaneti imalumikiza zala zitatu zokha mwa zinayi.
Achifalansa
Oimira banja ndi akulu. Mbalame zina zimakhala zazitali masentimita 180. Pelicans amalemera mpaka 14 kilogalamu. Mu mbalame zonse zam'banja, pansi pamlomo pamalumikizidwa ndi thumba lachikopa momwe mbalame zimayikamo nsomba.
Ornithologists amadziwika mitundu 8 yamatenda, 2 mwa iwo - mbalame zam'madzi ku Russia:
1. Chipewa chopindika. Zimasokoneza Nyanja ya Manych-Gudilo ndi matupi ena amadzi a Kuban ndi Volga deltas. Mutu wa Dalmatia Pelican umakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zopotana. Mbalameyi ndi yoyera. Kulemera kwa nyama sikupitilira ma 13 kilos. Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhanu lopotana kumafika masentimita 180.
2. Nungu wapinki. Amabereka kumpoto kwa dera la Caspian. Mtundu wapinki m'mapiko ndi mafunde ochepa. Mawu akulu ndi oyera. Pali mapiko akuda. Izi ndi nthenga zouluka. Chiwombankhanga chobiriwira chimalemera 11 kilos.
Mitundu 6 yotsala ya nkhanu sapezeka ku Russia. Tikulankhula zaku America zoyera ndi zofiirira, imvi yaku Asia, Australia, pinki yothandizidwa, hagus. Otsatirawa anali m'gulu la ziwombankhanga zofiirira.
Gawoli lidachitika malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa majini. Makhalidwe ake, hagus ali ndi chizolowezi chodzala m'miyala mwa miyala. Zinyama zina zimatha kumanga zisa m'mitengo.
Maginito
Zazikulu, koma zosafanana ndi nkhwangwa. Kulemera kwapakati kwa gannet ndi 3-3.5 kilos. Pali matumba ampweya pamphumi pa mbalame. Zimalepheretsa kugwedezeka ndi madzi. Ma gannets amakhalanso ndi mchira wawufupi komanso khosi laling'ono. Banja liri ndi mitundu 9:
- Caspian gannet, yomwe imapezeka m'chigawo cha Caspian
- Kumpoto, amakhala ku Atlantic kokha ndipo amadziwika ndi nthenga zoyera, kulemera kwa kilogalamu 4 ndi kutalika kwa mita
- phazi lamtambo, lokhala ndi mapiko abulauni, thupi lokoma ndi miyendo yoyenda ngati turuki
- nkhope yamtambo, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamtunduwu ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wabuluu pansi pamlomo
- Australia, kum'mwera kwake komwe ma gannets samakhala
- Peruvia, yomwe ndi yaying'ono kuposa ma gannet ena
- gannet wofiirira wokhala ndi mutu ndi khosi lamalankhulidwe a chokoleti, pomwe pamayimilira mulomo wowala
- wamiyendo yofiira, yomwe imakhalanso ndi khungu pakamwa pamtundu wofiira
- nkhalango ya abbotta yokhala ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera
Ma gannet onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi matupi awo owoneka ngati ndudu, wandiweyani. Maonekedwe nthawi zambiri amasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Abbott wamkazi, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi mlomo wapinki. Mwa amuna amtunduwu, ndi wakuda.
Cormorants
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 40 ya cormorants. Zonsezi ndi mbalame za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, khalani pafupi ndi nyanja ndi nyanja. Cormorants amadziwika ndi khosi lawo lalitali ndi milomo. Chotsatiracho chimaloza ndikupindika pang'ono kumapeto. Mabanja opanda nthenga ndi akulu, masentimita 50-100 kutalika. Nazi zitsanzo:
1. Ceringor ya bering. Dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti mbalameyi ndi yakum'mawa. Nthenga za cering cantor za Bering ndizakuda, zimawala zofiirira pakhosi, ndi chitsulo mthupi lonse.
2. Zing'onozing'ono. Cormorant iyi ili ndi khosi lofiira kumbuyo kwa nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi ubweya wazitsulo wobiriwira. Mutha kuwona mbalamezi m'malo otsetsereka a Dnieper, Danube, Dniester.
3. Cormorant wamaso ofiira alibe chochita ndi amwenye. Maso a mbalameyi alibe khungu lofiirira lalanje. Mayina a mbalame zam'madzi nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa molingana ndi zikwangwani zakunja.
Makorori ambiri amatetezedwa. Mitundu ina imaphatikizidwa osati mu Red Book, koma mu Black Book, ndiye kuti zatha. Chitsanzo ndi chodzigolera cha cormorant. Amakhala kuzilumba za Commander, samauluka ndipo anali ndi chilembo choyera pa ntchafu yake.
Khosi la njoka
Amasiyana pamiyendo pambali pamchira wawufupi. Chifukwa cha ichi, omwe ali ndi khosi la njoka sangathe kuyenda. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimathera m'madzi, pomwe khosi lalitali limalola kuti zipeze chakudya kuchokera pansi.
Omwe amenyedwa ndi njoka ndi awa:
- Mitundu ya amwenye, yomwe imakhala ndi mafinya owoneka ngati bulauni, omwe amatambasulidwa ndikuloza m'mbali mwa phewa
- kachilombo kakang'ono, kamene kali ndi nkhalango za mangrove ndipo amadziwika ndi kakang'ono
Khosi lalitali komanso locheperako la mbalame zam'banjamo limapindika ngati chilembo S. Pakusambira, mbalamezo zimapinda makosi awo kumadzi. Mukamayang'ana patali, mukayang'ana kutsogolo, zimawoneka kuti zokwawa zikuyenda.
Frigate
Ma frig ndi mbalame zam'nyanja. Ndi zazikulu, koma zopepuka, zokhala ndi milomo yosongoka komanso yopindika kumapeto. Nthenga za nyama zakuda ndikuwonetsa kwazitsulo. Kuwonekera kumakwaniritsa zomwe zimadya. Frigates nthawi zambiri amalanda mbalame zina. Pachifukwa ichi, oimira banja adakondedwa ndi achifwamba. Adapatsidwa mitundu isanu yamafriji omwe angasankhe:
1. Furege yayikulu ndiyoposa mita imodzi. Amakhala ndi nthenga kuzilumba zotentha za Pacific Ocean.
2. Zodabwitsa. Oimira mitunduyo alinso mita imodzi kutalika, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mchira wautali, wokhala ndi mphanda.
3. Chiwombankhanga. Amangokhala pachilumba cha Boatswain. Ili ku South Atlantic. Mbalame pano sizimakula mpaka mita ndipo zimakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira pamutu pawo.
4. Frigate Ariel. Imakula mpaka 80 cm kutalika. Kulemera mbalame zakuda zam'madzi pafupifupi kilogalamu, ndipo amakhala m'madzi a Indian Ocean.
5. Kuwoneka kwa Khrisimasi. Oimira ake amalemera kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, nthawi zina amakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi mulingo wa masentimita 86-92. Nthenga za ma frigates a Khrisimasi zili ndi bulauni.
Ma frig onse ali ndi thumba ngati nkhanu. Chikwama ichi ndi chofiira. Kukhathamiritsa kwamitundu ndikosiyana kutengera mtundu wa mbalame.
Mbalame zam'madzi za Grebe
Ziphuphu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lokhalitsa komanso lophwatalala kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kutalika kwake, limodzi ndi khosi lokhathamira ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mlomo woonda komanso wakuthwa, umasiyana masentimita 23 mpaka 60. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kukula kapena mtundu.
Dongosolo la ma grebes limaphatikizapo mitundu 20. 5 mwa iwo amakhala ku Russia:
1. Great greststst. Imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 600. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imakhala yofiirira ndi mutu woyera ndi khosi. M'chilimwe, magulu awiri a nthenga zachikuda amakula pamutu pa mutu. Zimafanana ndi nyanga. Pali khola la mabokosi pakhosi. Mulinso ndi nthenga zazitali, zopitilira chaka chonse.
2. Grey wamasaya akuda. Amapezeka ku Far East ndi Western Siberia. Mbalameyi imalemera zoposa kilogalamu. Nthenga za nyama ndizopepuka kumunsi kwa thupi. Pamwamba pake pamakhala mdima. Malo ofiira ofiira amawoneka m'nyengo yokwatira. Ili pa khosi la toadstool.
3. Khosi lofiira. Imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 300, ndipo siyidutsa masentimita 38 m'litali. Nthenga imeneyi ili ndi mlomo wowongoka komanso wokulira. Izi sizofanana ndi ziphuphu.
Mtundu, mbalame ya khosi lofiira imasiyanitsidwa ndi mizere yakuda yomwe imadutsa m'maso ndikulekanitsa masaya akale ndi korona wakuda. Tsamba lamkuwa pakhosi limangowonekera m'nyengo yokwanira. Kenako nyanga zagolidi zimamera pamutu pa chopondapo. Iwo awukitsidwa.
4. Tsitsi lakuda.Chimawoneka ngati chokhala ndi khosi lofiira, koma chimasunga nyanga za nthenga zagolide pamalo opendekeka. M'nyengo yozizira, mtunduwo umadziwika ndi masaya ake akuda m'malo moyera ngati chipale chofewa. Kutalika kwa mbalameyi kumakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 34.
Nthawi zambiri khwimbi la khosi lakuda limasefukira nthenga zake, n'kukhala zozungulira, kunja kumawoneka okulirapo kuposa kukula kwake.
5. Gulu laling'ono. Amapezeka ku Europe ku Russia, kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Kutalika kwa mbalame sikudutsa masentimita 30. Izi ndizochepa pakati pazoseweretsa. Nyamayo imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200.
Oimira mitunduyo amasiyanitsidwa ndi masaya a mabokosi. Khosi la mbalameyi ndiyofiyiranso. Nthenga zonsezo ndi zofiirira pamwambapa ndi zowala pansipa.
Mitundu khumi ndi isanu yazinyalala imakhala ku America. Chifukwa chake, gulu lankhondo nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa ndi Dziko Latsopano. Kumeneko, kapena ku Eurasia, zidole zimakondweretsa diso, koma osati patebulo. Mbalame zadongosolo zimakhala ndi nyama yosasangalatsa. Chifukwa chake dzina - toadstools.
Mbalame za penguin
Pali banja limodzi mu detachment. Amagawidwa m'magulu 6 ndi mitundu 16. Zina 20 zatha, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zinthu zakale. Zotsalira zakale kwambiri zimapezeka ku New Zealand.
Kukumbukira mawonekedwe am'madzi am'madzi anyani atsimikiza kuti sangathenso kuwuluka. Musalole kulemera kwa thupi, mapiko ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe a maula ndikufika kwa ma penguin. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Chiwonetsero chokhala ku Africa chokhala ndi "nsapato" yakuda pachifuwa
- Penguin waku South America Magellanic, wokhala ndi mizere 1-2 yakuda mozungulira khosi
- Gentoo penguin wokhala ndi mkamwa wofiyira komanso kutalika kwa 90 cm
- Penguin wokhazikika wam'madzi aku Indian Ocean wokhala ndi nthenga ngati zachikasu
- Antarctic imadzaza ndi zinsalu zoyera mozungulira maso awo
- mita ndi 18 kilogalamu king penguin, yomwe imachokera ku Atlantic ndipo ili ndi mawanga achikaso m'mbali mwa mutu wake
- mbalame yachifumu yomwe imakhala ndi mawanga achikasu osati pamutu pokha, komanso pakhosi, ikulemera makilogalamu 40 ndikuwonjezera masentimita 115
- penguin wakumpoto wonyezimira, pamutu pake pomwe ziphuphu zachikasu ngati zachikasu zimaphatikizidwa ndi zakuda zomwezo
- chinstrap penguin wokhala ndi "riboni" wakuda pansi pa chibwano, ngati kuti wagwira "chipewa" chakuda pamutu pake
Pakati pa mbalame zam'madzi, ma penguin ndi okhawo omwe alibe ndege. Nthiwatiwa sizikukwera kumwamba, koma zilibe chidwi ndi madzi. Anyani amasambira ndikusambira bwino. Mafuta amapulumutsa kuzizira m'madzi. Kusapezeka kwa mitsempha kumapeto kwa miyendo kumathandiza kupewa chisanu pamtunda.
Makhalidwe
Ma charadriiformes amapezeka kwambiri kumpoto. Pothawira kumadera ozizira, mbalame zamaguluzi zaphunzira kupitilizabe kuthamanga magazi. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamazo zisazizidwe.
Ma charadriiformes amaphatikiza mabanja atatu:
Sandpiper
Kulikov 75 mitundu. Amagawidwa m'magulu:
1. Zuyki. Pali mitundu 10 ya iwo. Onse ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mlomo wofooka komanso wamfupi. Chikhalidwe china ndi mapiko aatali komanso opapatiza. Pakufunika kouluka mwachangu, kukwera kosavuta mlengalenga.
2. Snipe. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu. Mizere iwiri yakuda imayendera mitu yawo yopepuka. Pali mikwingwirima iwiri ya beige mbali zonse za thupi. Mlomo wa snipe ndi wautali komanso wowonda, wonenedwera kumapeto.
3. Mabokosi amchenga. Pali mitundu 4 ya iwo. Amakhala ndi milomo yayifupi ndi miyendo yayifupi, yomangidwa mopindika. Ukulu wa oponya mchenga ndi wofanana ndi wa nyenyezi. Mbalamezi zimawoneka ngati zakuda, popeza maso ang'onoang'ono amakwiriridwa ndi nthenga.
4. Kupindika. Pali mitundu iwiri mu mtunduwo. Zonsezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mlomo wopindika wopindika. Ndi yaitali komanso yopyapyala. China chosiyananso ndi ma curlews ndi chiuno choyera.
5. Kuzungulirazungulira. Mitundu yayikulu ndi 2. Mlomo wawo wautali ndi wonenepa pansi. M'nyengo yokhwima, mbalame zimakhala zofiira, zomwe sizachilendo kwa mbalame zina.
6. Olodza. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 10 mu mtunduwo. Oimira awo ndi kukula kwa nyenyezi yowonda, yopyapyala, yamiyendo yayitali. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, monganso mulomo wotalika. Mutu wa mbalame ndizochepa.
Turukhtan akuyima yekha. Ili pafupi ndi otchera mchenga, koma ochepa kuposa iwo, ndi miyendo yayitali. Turukhtan kukula kwa thrush.
Kutsiriza
Ndi mbalame za kunyanja. Adadzipatula pagulu, ndikusintha moyo wam'madzi, wosadalira magombe. Pali mitundu 22 m'banjamo. Makumi awiri mwawo amakhala pachilumba cha Atlantic ndi Far East ku Russia. Ndi za:
- timitengo tating'onoting'ono tomwe taponya kutsogolo komanso tizingwe ta nthenga zabwino kumbuyo kwa maso
- mimba yoyera, yomwe imakhalanso ndi mikwingwirima yowala ndi ana ang'onoang'ono
- anthu okalamba, omwe mutu wawo nthawi imodzi ndi nthenga zakuda zaukwati zimawoneka "zotuwa"
- fawn, yemwe milomo yake ndi yakuthwa pang'ono komanso yayitali kuposa ma auk ena
- puffins wokhala ndi mulomo waukulu wowala, wofanana ndi mbalame yotchedwa parrot
- zisoti, zomwe ndi zazikulu kuposa ma auks wamba, sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi njiwa yamzindawu
- guillemots, ofanana ndi ma gull momwe angathere
- kakang'ono kakang'ono kokhala ndi milomo yakuda, yowongoka komanso yayifupi
- auk wokhala ndi chodzudzulidwa kenako nkuwerama pamwamba pamlomo, womwe umakanikizidwa kuchokera mbali
- guillemots, omwe ndi ma guillemot akulu kwambiri ndipo amadziwika ndi "eyelash" yoyera yayitali kutsikira pansi kuchokera kumakona akunja a maso
Ma auk ambiri amatulutsa zonunkhira ndimatenda apadera. Mitundu yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, imanunkha ngati zipatso. Fungo la mandimu limapangidwa ndi nthenga zapakhosi. Fungo limamveka ndi anthu pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Mbalame zimamvekanso fungo, ndikupeza mtundu wawo.
Ng'ombe
Mbalame za m'banja ndizimvi, zakuda kapena zoyera. Nyanja zonse ndizokwatirana, ndiye kuti, ndizokhulupirika kwa mnzake. Amakonzekeretsa chisa kumtunda.
Banjali lili ndi mitundu yoposa 40. Mwa iwo:
1. Mbalame yakuda yakuda. Amapezeka pagombe la Black Sea, ku Crimea. Kunja kwa Russia, ndizofala ku Western Europe. Mutu wakuda wa mbalameyo umasiyana ndi mlomo wofiira komanso thupi loyera ngati chipale.
2. Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ndi wamkulu, wamutu woyera, wosiyanitsidwa ndi nsonga yosamveka ya mlomo wofupikitsidwa, khosi lamphamvu ndi korona wosalala.
3. Mbalame yakuda, ina yonse yoyera. Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka ku Alaska ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mpaka ku Washington.
4. Waimvi. Mapiko ake ndi otuwa. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku South America ndi Africa. Kumeneko, mbalame zaimvi zimakhazikika m'madambo m'mitengo.
5. Siliva. Gull iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wake wopingasa, kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso kamangidwe kake. Zikuwoneka kuti nyamayo ili ndi mawu osazindikira. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangidwa ndimlomo wokokota, wopindika.
6. Rose gull. Amapezeka ku North-Eastern Siberia. Msana ndi mutu wa mbalameyi ndi imvi-buluu. Mimba ndi bere ndizopaka pinki wotumbululuka. Pali mkanda wakuda m'khosi. Kapangidwe ka nyama ndi kofooka, kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira masentimita 34.
7. Chotsalira. Zapezeka m'zaka za zana la 20 kuchepa kwa anthu, zolembedwa mu Red Book. Mbalameyi ndi yoyera ndi malire akuda pamapiko ndi mchira.
8. Nkhunda yam'nyanja. Mosiyana ndi dzinalo, ndi la ma gulls. Choyera kuyambira pamutu chimayamba kumerera mchira. Mbalameyi imapezeka kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, ku Africa, m'dera la Red Sea.
Zovala zoswana za gull zimasiyana ndi nyengo yozizira. Zoyipa zakugonana zimatchulidwanso. Mwanjira ina, akazi ndi amuna amasiyana kukula ndi utoto.
Crane ngati mbalame zam'madzi
Kamodzi panali mabanja 22 mu detachment. Masiku ano 9 a iwo ndi zakale. Mwa mabanja otsala 13, aku Russia akuimiridwa ndi anayi. Amakhala ndi mitundu 23. Kwenikweni, awa ndi ma cranes:
1. Crane yakuda. Amalemera makilogalamu 6 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 115. Beige mlomo wa masentimita makumi atatu. Pali malo ofiira pamwamba pa mbalameyi. Mphumi ya crane ndi yakuda. Pali zolowa zakuda kumchira ndi m'khosi. Nthenga zonsezo ndi zotuwa.
2. Belladonna. Pakati pa cranes mwanayo samakula mpaka mita kutalika. Mitengo ya nthenga zazitali imayambira m'maso mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu wa nyama. Nthenga zouluka pamapiko zimakulanso.
3. Crane waku Siberia. Amalemera makilogalamu 6 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 140 ndi kutalika kwa mita 1.1. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Russia kokha, mitundu ya m'dera la Arkhangelsk. Pali mbalame zingapo zingapo m'chigawo cha Yamalo-Germany komanso Komi Republic.
Nthenga zimatha kudziwika ndi utoto wake woyera ndi bwalo la khungu lofiira mopanda mkamwa.
4. Kanyumba ka Ussuriisky. Amatchedwanso Chijapani. Ili pangozi, ili ndi chizindikiro chofiira kuzungulira pamphumi pake.
Amakhulupirira kuti idakhala mtundu wa sewero laling'ono la mbendera yaku Japan. Ussuri Crane amakhalanso m'dziko la Rising Sun.
Mitundu yonse ya mbalame zonga kireni ndi 200. Kuphatikiza pa cranes iwowo, mbalame za bustard ndi mbusa zimaganiziridwa.
Chifukwa chake tidazindikira mbalame zotani mbalame zam'madzi... Kudziwana ndi dzina kumafuna chidwi chachikulu ndi dongosolo la ma cranes. Kapangidwe kake ndimakangano ngakhale kwa oyang'anira mbalame. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa osati mitundu yokha, komanso kuteteza mbalame. Theka la iwo adalembedwa mu Red Book.
