Ophika mkate amawerengedwa ngati nyama zodabwitsa zomwe kale zinali za banja la Nkhumba. Potanthauzira, nyama zamphongo zogawanika zimatanthauza "nyama yomwe ikupita kunkhalango." Malo omwe nyama zimapezeka kwambiri ndi zigawo za New World ndi Western Europe. Ophika mkate ali ndi kufanana kwakukulu ndi nkhumba, osati kunja kokha, komanso machitidwe, zizolowezi, ndi zina.
Kufotokozera ndi khalidwe
Ophika buledi ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kufikira mita imodzi, ndipo amakula mpaka masentimita 57. Unyinji wa achikulire nthawi zambiri umaposa 30 kg. Makhalidwe a nyama zakutchire ndi khosi lalifupi, loboola pakati, mutu wolemera, mphuno yayitali, mawonekedwe owongoka, maso ang'ono ndi makutu ozungulira. Ophika mkate ali ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi mchira. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi ma bristles wandiweyani (kumbuyo ndikufota, ngati mane).
M'mayiko ambiri, ophika mkate amatchedwa nkhumba za musky chifukwa nyama zimatulutsa chinsinsi china, ngakhale chosasangalatsa. Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanikana ikakhala kuti yayamba msanga, imayamba "kununkhiza" ndikunyamula pang'ono mane.
Mutha kusiyanitsa wophika mkate kuchokera ku nkhumba ndi izi: nyama zili ndi zala zitatu kumbuyo kwanyumba, mano 38 pakamwa, magulu awiri am'matumbo a mammary, ma canine apamwamba amtunduwu amalunjika pansi, m'mimba mugawika magawo atatu. Mbali ina ya musky nkhumba ndikutha kulemba malo mwa kupopera madzi onunkhira.
Ophika mkate amakhala m'gulu la ziweto. Amakonda kukhala otakataka usiku. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimasamukira kudera lina kupita kwina. Wotsogolera gululi ndi mtsogoleri wachikazi wakale kwambiri.
Mitundu ya nkhumba ya Musk
Ophika buledi agawika m'magulu anayi:
- collared - nyama yogwira yaying'ono, yomwe imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mzere wachikasu loyera kuyambira pansi pamutu mpaka masamba amapewa;
- milomo yoyera (ndevu zoyera) - ma artiodactyls, omwe amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi magwero amadzi. Ophika mkate a gululi amawoneka amphamvu kwambiri komanso akulu kuposa oimira am'mbuyomu. Mbali yapadera ya anthu ndi kupezeka kwa malo oyera oyera omwe amapezeka kumapeto kwa mutu;
- Chakskie - amakonda kukhala m'malo ouma, achilengedwe. Makhalidwe awo ndi mchira wautali, miyendo ndi makutu. Anthu ena amatcha ophika mkate amtundu uwu "nkhumba za bulu";
- chachikulu - mtundu wapadera, zazikulu zazikulu ndizofunikira kwambiri pagululi la ophika mkate.
M'masiku akale, panali mitundu ina ya ophika mkate, koma, mwatsoka, adatha.
Kubereka
Kugonana pakati pa anthu kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse mchaka, popempha nyama. Mzimayi woyembekezera amabereka mwanayo kwa masiku 150, kenako amapuma kumalo obisika kapena kubowola ndipo amabereka ali yekhayekha. Monga lamulo, ana awiri a nkhumba amabadwa, nthawi zina amabadwira. Ana ayamba kudzuka kale patsiku lachiwiri, pambuyo pake amabwerera kwa abale awo.
Ophika mkate amatha zaka 25. Amuna amakula msinkhu kuti athe kubereka pafupi ndi chaka cha moyo, akazi - pakatha miyezi 8-14.
Zakudya zanyama
Chifukwa cha kupindika m'mimba, ophika mkate amatha kugaya chakudya chosavuta. Zitsamba zoberekera sizidana ndi kudya mtedza, mizu yazomera, tubers, bowa. Nthawi yanjala kwambiri, nkhumba za musky zimatha kudya nyama yakufa, achule, mazira ndi njoka. Kutengera malo okhala, zakudya za ophika mkate zimasintha. Chifukwa chake amatha kudya zipatso zowutsa mudyo, nyongolotsi, tizilombo, cacti (kuchotsa minga, nyama zoyamwa zimakankhira pansi), nyemba ndi mitundu yambiri yazitsamba.
