M'nkhalango za equator, nthaka yofiira yachikaso ndi yofiira imapangidwa, yodzaza ndi aluminium ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimapatsa dziko lapansi mtundu wofiyira. Nthaka yamtunduwu imakhala nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha komanso nyengo. Kwenikweni, kutentha kwapachaka pano ndi +25 digiri Celsius. Mpweya woposa mamilimita 2,500 umagwa pachaka.
Nthaka zofiira zachikaso
Nthaka yofiira yachikaso yofiira ndiyabwino kuti mitengo ikule m'nkhalango za equator. Kunoko mitengo imakhala yobala zipatso zochuluka. Pogwira ntchito yofunikira, dziko lapansi ladzaza ndi michere. Nthaka ya Ferralite ili ndi 5% humus. Mpangidwe wa nthaka yofiira-chikasu ndi iyi:
- Zinyalala m'nkhalango;
- wosanjikiza wa humus - wagona pa masentimita 12-17, ali ndi mithunzi ya bulauni-imvi, yachikasu ndi yofiirira, imakhala ndi silt;
- thanthwe la kholo lomwe limapereka utoto wakuda panthaka.
Nthaka zofiira
Nthaka yofiira ya ferralite imapangidwa ndi mvula yapakatikati mpaka mamilimita 1800 pachaka ndipo ngati pali nyengo yowuma kwa miyezi itatu. Pa dothi loterolo, mitengo sichimakula kwambiri, ndipo kumapeto kwake kuchuluka kwa zitsamba ndi udzu wosatha kumawonjezeka. Nyengo youma ikafika, dziko lapansi limauma ndipo limakumana ndi cheza cha ultraviolet. Izi zimapangitsa dothi kukhala lofiira kwambiri. Chosanjikiza kwambiri ndi bulauni yakuda. Nthaka yamtunduwu imakhala ndi 4-10% humus. Nthaka iyi imadziwika ndi njira yochitira zinthu zina pambuyo pake. Potengera mawonekedwe, nthaka zofiira zimapangidwa pamiyala yadongo, ndipo izi zimapereka chonde chochepa.
Nthaka zing'onozing'ono
Nthaka ya Margelite imapezeka m'nkhalango za equator. Amapangidwa ndi dongo ndipo amakhala ndi zidulo zochepa. Chonde m'nthaka ndi otsika kwambiri. Nthaka za grey Ferralite zimapezekanso m'nkhalango za equator. Awa ndi malo onyowa kwambiri komanso amchere ndipo amafunika kuthiridwa. Si mitundu yonse ya zomera yomwe ingamerepo.
Zosangalatsa
M'nkhalango za equator, nthaka ya ferralite imapangidwa makamaka - ofiira ndi ofiira-achikaso. Amalimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo, hydrogen ndi aluminium. Nthaka iyi ndi yoyenera mitundu yambirimbiri yazomera, makamaka yomwe imafunikira kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chakuti imagwa mvula nthawi zonse m'nkhalango za equator, zakudya zina zimatsukidwa m'nthaka, zomwe zimasintha pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe ake.
