Malo otentha ndi madera otentha ndi madera omwe amakhala ndi zosiyana pakati pawo. Malinga ndi kudera, madera otentha ndi a malamba akulu, ndipo kotentha kumakhala kwakanthawi. Makhalidwe onse amtunduwu, nthaka ndi nyengo afotokozedwa pansipa.
Nthaka
Otentha
Kumalo otentha, nyengo yokula ndi chaka chonse, ndizotheka kupeza zokolola zitatu pachaka cha mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Kusintha kwanyengo pakusintha kwa kutentha kwanthaka kumakhala kochepa. Nthaka zimakhala zotentha chaka chonse. Dzikolo limadaliranso kuchuluka kwa mvula, m'nyengo yamvula kumakhala kunyowa kwathunthu, nthawi yachilala kumakhala kouma kwambiri.
Ulimi kumadera otentha ndiotsika kwambiri. Pafupifupi 8% yamalo omwe ali ndi dothi lofiirira, ofiira-ofiira komanso malo osefukira apangidwa. Mbewu zazikulu mderali:
- nthochi;
- chinanazi;
- koko;
- khofi;
- mpunga;
- nzimbe.
Zanyumba
M'nyengo iyi, pali mitundu ingapo ya nthaka:
- dothi la nkhalango yonyowa;
- zitsamba ndi dothi lowuma la nkhalango;
- dothi la steppes lotentha;
- dothi la zipululu zotentha.
Nthaka ya gawolo imadalira kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Krasnozems ndi nthaka yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Nthaka ya nkhalango zotentha kwambiri imakhala yopanda nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina. Pali dothi lofiirira pansi pa nkhalango zowuma ndi tchire. Pali mvula yambiri m'malo awa kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, ndipo pang'ono mchilimwe. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a nthaka. Nthaka zotere zimakhala zachonde kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira viticulture, kulima mitengo ya azitona ndi zipatso.
Nyengo
Otentha
Dera lotentha lili pakati pa mzere wa equatorial ndi kufanana, kofanana ndi kutalika kwa madigiri 23.5. Chigawochi chimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri, popeza pano Dzuwa lili pantchito yake yayikulu.
Kudera lotentha, kuthamanga kwamlengalenga kumakhala kwakukulu, kotero mvula imagwa apa kawirikawiri, sizachabe kuti m'chipululu cha Libya ndi Sahara muli pano. Koma si madera onse otentha omwe ndi ouma, palinso malo amvula, amapezeka ku Africa ndi East Asia. Nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha m'nyengo yozizira. Kutentha kwapakati m'nyengo yotentha kumakhala mpaka 30 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - madigiri 12. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya kumatha kufika madigiri 50.
Zanyumba
Malowa amadziwika ndi kutentha pang'ono. Nyengo yotentha imakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu. Malingana ndi geography, madera otentha amapezeka pakati pa malo otentha pamtunda pakati pa 30-45 madigiri. Gawolo limasiyana ndi kotentha kozizira, koma osati kuzizira kozizira.
Kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 14. M'chilimwe - kuyambira madigiri 20, m'nyengo yozizira - kuyambira 4. Zima ndizochepa, kutentha kotsika kwambiri sikutsika madigiri zero, ngakhale nthawi zina chisanu chimakhala chotsika mpaka -10 ... -15⁰ С.
Makhalidwe oyendera
Malo Otentha Osangalatsa ndi Zowona Zakuthambo:
- Nyengo ya madera otentha m'nyengo yotentha imadalira mpweya wofunda wam'malo otentha, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira pamafunde ozizira ochokera kumtunda kotentha.
- Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale atsimikizira kuti madera otentha ndi komwe kunachokera anthu. Chitukuko chakale chidayamba m'derali.
- Nyengo yotentha imakhala yosiyana kwambiri, m'malo ena pali nyengo yopanda chipululu, mwa ena - mvula yamkuntho imagwa nyengo yonse.
- Nkhalango zam'madera otentha zimaphimba pafupifupi 2% yapadziko lapansi, koma ndizoposa 50% ya zomera ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi.
- Malo otentha amathandizira madzi akumwa padziko lonse lapansi.
- Sekondi iliyonse, chidutswa cha nkhalango yamvula chofanana ndi bwalo la mpira chimazimiririka padziko lapansi.
Kutulutsa
Malo otentha ndi madera otentha ndi madera otentha a dziko lathu lapansi. Chigawo chachikulu cha zomera, mitengo ndi maluwa zimamera m'derali. Madera azigawozi ndi akulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake amasiyana. Omwe amakhala mdera lomweli, dothi limatha kukhala lachonde komanso locheperako. Poyerekeza ndi madera ozizira a dziko lathuli, monga Arctic tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, dera lotentha ndi lotentha ndiloyenera kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu, kubereketsa nyama ndi zomera.
