Monga lamulo, mukaganiza zogula aquarium, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimayang'ana ndi nsomba, zachidziwikire. Zingakhale bwanji choncho, ngati, mwachitsanzo, kuchezera mnzanu kapena kuchezera malo ena ndikuwona nzika zokongola zakuya zamadzi zoyandama m'nyanja yamadzi, chikhumbo chachikulu chimakhazikika mumtima kuti apange kukongola koteroko kunyumba.
Chikhumbo chotsatira chomwe chimapezeka mutagula kapena kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo zinthu ndikukongoletsa pansi pake ndi zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana kapena kukonza nyumba yachifumu yapulasitiki. Koma kuseri kwa mavuto onsewa, chinthu china chofunikira komanso chosafunikira mwanjira inayake chimazimiririka kumbuyo, komwe sikudalira kukongola kwa aquarium kokha, komanso microclimate yake makamaka. Monga momwe mungaganizire, tikukamba za mbewu.
Ndiyeneranso kutsindika nthawi yomweyo kuti zomera zam'madzi zam'madzi sizimera, zomwe ambiri amazitcha, anthu wamba komanso akatswiri am'madzi am'madzi. Algae amaphatikizira tizilombo tomwe timabereka bwino momwe zinthu zilili, monga, mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa kuyatsa kowala kwambiri kapena chisamaliro chokhazikika. Kufalitsa, zili pagalasi ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera, ndikuziphimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ndere zimatha kupha nsomba potseka fyuluta ndikudya mpweya.
Zomera, komabe, zimafunikira njira yapadera pakukula kwawo. Komanso, samangokhala zokongoletsa zabwino kwambiri mu aquarium, komanso samavulaza nsombazo. Ndipo sizikutanthauza zina zawo zopindulitsa. Koma mwa mitundu yawo yonse, mbewu zophimba pansi zimakhalapo mwapadera.
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati mbewu zophimba pansi?
Aquarium yokonzedwa bwino nthawi zonse imawoneka yosangalatsa. Koma ngati kusankha kwa nsomba ndi zokongoletsa sikudali kovuta, ndiye kuti kusankha kwa mbewu zakutsogolo kumakhala kovuta ngakhale kwa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi. Monga lamulo, pakukongoletsa gawo ili la chotengera chomera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, zomwe kutalika kwake sikupitilira 100 mm, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwamitundumitundu sikungangobisala monga nsomba, koma aquarium yomweyi idzakhala yaying'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, tidzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu wa chomerachi, womwe umatchedwanso chivundikiro cha nthaka. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Glossostigma
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, akatswiri ambiri am'madzi anali ndi chomera chatsopano - Glossostigma, chomwe chimachokera kubanja la norichnik. Wodziwika ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono kwambiri (20-30 mm) - zomerazi zimachokera ku New Zealand. Ochepera, koma okhala ndi mphukira zazitali, akukula mosadukiza komanso opanda masamba otambalala kwambiri (3-5 mm), apangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha posungira posungira kosazindikira, ndikuwonjezera mitundu yamoyo.
Tiyenera kutsimikizira kuti chomerachi chimayang'ana kwambiri kuwala, ndipo chifukwa chosowa kuwala, tsinde lomwe limakula likukula limayamba kukula mozungulira, ndikukulitsa masamba mpaka 50-100 mm pansi. Momwemonso, pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino, tsinde limakwirira pansi ponse ndi masamba ake. Chifukwa chake izi ndi monga:
- Osati madzi olimba kwambiri komanso acidic.
- Kusamalira kayendedwe ka kutentha mkati mwa madigiri 15-26.
- Kukhalapo kwa kuyatsa kowala.
Tikulimbikitsidwanso kupangitsa madzi kukhala m'madzi nthawi zonse ndi carbon dioxide.
Liliopsis
Mitengo yophimba pansiyi ndi ya banja la udzu winawake kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira zaka zingapo zapitazo, mbewu za ambulera. Monga lamulo, m'madamu opangira mutha kupeza mitundu iwiri ya liliopsis:
- Wobadwa ku Brazil ku South America.
- Caroline, wopezeka ku South ndi North America konse.
Iwo omwe kamodzi adawona zomera zosadzichepetsazo mu aquarium mosadziyerekeza adawafanizira ndi kapinga kakang'ono komanso kabwino. Liliopsis ili ndi mtolo wa mizu yambiri ndipo imakhala ndi masamba 1 mpaka 3 a lanceolate, m'lifupi mwake ndi 2-5 mm.
Ndikoyenera kutsimikizira kuti kupanga kalipeti wandiweyani wa udzu mu aquarium - zomerazi sizikusowa chisamaliro chilichonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti, mosiyana ndi zomera zina, liliopsis imakula pang'onopang'ono, ikufuna kuwonjezera malo ake osalumikizana pamwamba pa udzu wobiriwira womwe udalipo kale.
Sitnyag
Pali mitundu ingapo yazomera zoumba pansi mu aquarium, koma zofala kwambiri ndi izi:
- Zing'onozing'ono.
- Zofanana ndi singano.
Maonekedwe a zomerazi ndi achilendo chifukwa alibe masamba. Anthu ena wamba nthawi zina amalakwitsa zimayambira zowonda ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira masamba, kuyambira ma filamentous yopingasa ma rhizomes. Komanso, nthawi yamaluwa, timiyala ting'onoting'ono timayambira pamwamba pa zimayikazo, zomwe zimatsimikizira kwathunthu iwo omwe amakayikira kuti zomerazi sizikhala ndi masamba.
Kukula mbewu izi, ndi okwanira kusunga kutentha kwa madzi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera madigiri 12-25, kuuma 1 mpaka 20 dH. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zomerazi zimakula bwino m'nyanja yaying'ono.
Echinodorus wofatsa
Pakadali pano, zomerazi ndizofupikitsa kwambiri pabanja lonse la chatids. Kutalika kwawo kumakhala pakati pa 50-60 mm, ngakhale nthawi zina kutalika kwa tchire lakale kumafikira 100 mm. Masamba awo ndi owongoka kwambiri okhala ndi mzere wonenepa ndipo amapapatiza m'munsi komanso kumapeto kwenikweni. M'lifupi ndi 2-4 mm. Ndiyeneranso kutsindika kuti zomerazi ndizodzichepetsa. Chifukwa chake, pakulima kwake, ndikwanira kuti pakhale kutentha pamtunda wa madigiri 18-30 komanso kuuma kwa 1-14dH. Komanso, musaiwale za kuyatsa kowala.
Ndi chifukwa cha kuwala kokwanira komwe masamba a Echinodorus amapeza kuwala kofiirira. Komanso, akatswiri ambiri am'madzi adziwa kale kuti zomerazi ndizabwino kwambiri pakati pazobisalapo chifukwa chakupirira kwawo, kuberekana mwachangu komanso kusakhala ndi zofunikira pazomera zina, zomwe zimadyetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi carbon dioxide.
Mtsinje wa ku Javanese
Wotchuka ndi kupirira, zomera zosungiramo nthaka zosamalidwa bwinozi ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa oyamba kumene komanso akatswiri odziwa zamadzi. Moss waku Javanese amachokera ku banja la hypnum ndipo amapezeka ku Southeast Asia. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti moss wa Javan amatha kukula mozungulira komanso mopingasa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali thandizo laling'ono pafupi ndi chomerachi, mwachitsanzo, mwala kapena nkhuni zowonera, mutha kuwona momwe mphukira zimayambira kuluka, kukwera mmwamba molunjika ku kuwala. Ngati kuwala sikukwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti chomerachi chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi am'madzi a aquarium ndi masamba a zomera zina ngati chithandizo.
Zofunika! Kusunga malo obiriwira obiriwira mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse mudule mphukira zomwe zikukula ndikutambasula mapiko ake.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zomwe zilipo sizimayambitsa zovuta zilizonse. Chifukwa chake, zonse zomwe mukufunikira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwamadzi sikumachoka pa madigiri 15-28, ndipo kuuma kumasiyana mkati mwa 5-9 pH.
Richia
Zomera zam'madzi izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyambirira kupangidwa kuti ziyikidwe mu aquarium. Ndipo mfundoyi sikuti imangokhala kudzichepetsa kwawo, komanso kubereka kwawo mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, Richia amapezeka m'madzi akum'mwera kwa aquarium, pafupi ndi pamwamba. Kunja, chomerachi chimakhala ndi dichotomous thalli, yomwe imakhala pakati pawo. Kukula kwa nthambi imodzi yotere sikudutsa 1mm. M'chilengedwe, ricia imapezeka m'madzi othamanga kapena othamanga pang'onopang'ono m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zomerazi zimachulukana mwachangu, ndikuphimba madzi ndi nthaka yolimba, koma osati nthaka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pali kutsutsanabe pakati pa asayansi zakuti ricia ali mgulu lazomera zapachikuto.
Akatswiri ena amafotokoza za gululi poti Richia amatha kukulunga ndi chingwe chowedza mozungulira mwala kapena nkhuni ndipo amachoka pamenepo mpaka mbali yonse yothandiziridwayo yadzazidwa ndi nthambi za chomerachi. Chifukwa chake, popita nthawi, mwala umatha kukhala phiri lokongola modabwitsa, lomwe lidzagwirizane bwino ndi mawonekedwe anyanja yonseyo.
Marsilia masamba anayi
Ndizosatheka kunena za chomera chodzichepetsachi, chomwe chingapezeke pafupifupi m'nyanja iliyonse yamchere. Osavuta komanso osasamala kwambiri, Marsilia wamasamba anayi adzawoneka bwino m'madamu akulu opangira. Kunja, chomeracho chimafanana ndi fern wokhala ndi masamba a mawonekedwe apachiyambi, omwe ali pamtambo woyenda, womwe umakonda kuyenda padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mbewu ndi 100-120 mm. Nthawi zambiri, masamba anayi a Marsilia amawoneka ngati kapeti wobiriwira, kutalika kwake sikupitilira 30-40 mm. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale ndi zopalira ndi muzu uliwonse padera.
Mkhalidwe woyenera wokulitsa chomerachi umawerengedwa kuti ndikutentha kwamadzi kwama 18-22 madigiri, koma milandu idalembedwa pomwe Marsilia wa masamba anayi adamva bwino m'malo otentha. Ndiyeneranso kutsindika kuti kusintha madzi sikukhudza kukula kwake.
