Alenje okhala ndi nthenga, olumikizidwa ndi zinthu zofala kuti agwire nyama, amadziwika kuti ndi odyetsa. Aliyense ali ndi maso akuthwa, mlomo wamphamvu, zikhadabo. Mbalame zolusa khalani m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica.
Mu taxonomy, samapanga gulu la taxonomic, koma amakhala odziwika nthawi zonse potengera chinthu chodziwika bwino - kuthekera kochita kuwukira kwa nyama ndi mbalame. Nyama zazikulu zodya nthenga zimagwira agwape achinyamata, anyani, njoka, mitundu ina imadya nsomba ndi nyama zowola.
Zowononga ndi:
- nkhwangwa;
- khungu;
- nkhono;
- alembi;
- Ziwombankhanga zaku America.
AT banja la mbalame zodya nyama Zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya akadzidzi ndi nkhokwe, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zochitika usiku. Gulu la Hawk lili ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo ambiri amakhala ku Russia.
Mphungu ya Griffon
Mbalameyi imakhala kum'mwera kwa Eurasia, kumpoto kwa Africa. Mbalame yayikulu, yolemera mpaka 10 kg, yofiirira yokhala ndi kolala yoyera ya nthenga. Mbali yapadera ili m'mapiko ooneka ngati chala, omwe m'lifupi amapitilira 2 m, mchira wokwanira.
Khosi lalitali, mlomo wokhotakhota umasinthidwa kuti uphe omwe amazunzidwa. Amakhala pamapiri ataliatali, pafupi ndi malo otseguka osaka msipu. Imayang'ana nyama yotalikirapo, yotsika mozungulira. Dzinalo "chiwombankhanga" chidapatsidwa kwa mbalameyi chifukwa cha mawu ake okokomeza, omwe amamveka makamaka nthawi yakumasirana.
Mphungu yagolide
Amakhala m'nkhalango ku Asia, America, Europe, Africa. Kukula kwake kwakukulu sikuloleza kulowa m'nkhalango, chifukwa chake kumakhala m'mphepete mwa timapepala tating'onoting'ono ta nkhalango. Imasaka ankhandwe, hares, mbawala zamphongo, grouse wakuda. Mphungu yagolide yakhala yosangalatsa kwa osaka ndi mbalame zosaka.
Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde otentha pouluka. Zomwe zimadziwika kuti "openwork" za ziwombankhanga zagolide, zimawonedwa munyengo yokhwima. Monga mbalame zambiri zodya nyama, m'chisa mwanapiye wamkulu amapondereza wamng'ono, nthawi zina, pakasowa chakudya, amadya.
Marsh (bango) chotchingira
Thupi la mwezi ndilolitali. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira wautali, miyendo yayitali. Amunawo ndi ofiira ofiira, mchira ndi gawo lina lamapiko ndi laimvi. Mtundu wa nthenga wachikazi ndi yunifolomu, yofiira, pakhosi ndiyachikasu. Mbalameyi imamangiriridwa kumalo onyowa ndi zomera zam'madzi.
Chombo chotengera bango chimapezeka ku Central Asia ndi Eastern Europe. Pazakudya, gawo lalikulu limakhala ndi ma mallard, snipe, chimanga cha chimanga, zinziri. Alenje ambiri amadziwa kulira kwamphamvu kwa zotchinga. Kutengera nyengo, mbalamezi zimangokhala, kusamukasamuka kapena kusamuka.
Meadow chotchinga
Mbalame zazikulu kukula, zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti ndizogonana. Amphongo ndi otuwa, ndi milozo yakuda ikuyenda m mapiko ndi milozo yofiira mbali. Akazi ndi abulauni. Amawuluka pansi, opanda phokoso. Mbalame zimakhala ku Eurasia, m'nyengo yozizira kumadera otentha a ku Africa ndi Asia. Anthu okhala ndi nthenga zokhala ndi nthenga amakhala ambiri ku Russia.
Mbalame zodya nyama mdera la Moscow, Pamodzi ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide, peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon imaphatikizaponso meadow harrier yolondera nyanja ndi madera a nkhalango. Mukuuluka, imafotokoza mabwalo akulu, kufunafuna nyama. M'madera omwe mumakhala chakudya chambiri, amapanga magulu a anthu angapo.
Wotchingira m'munda
Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zaimvi zaulemerero, zomwe zidakhala maziko a kufananiza kotchuka - imvi ngati chotchinga. Pamapiko, mosiyana ndi dambo, palibenso mikwingwirima yakuda, koma nsonga zakuda zokha za nthenga. Zolepheretsa Kumunda ndizopambana kuposa akatswiri oyendetsa ndege, momwe amapinduka mwamphamvu, amasinthana modabwitsa, akupita mwamphamvu ndikuuluka, akugwa.
Wogwidwa amatengedwa modzidzimutsa. Malowa akukhudza madera ambiri apakatikati ndi kumpoto kwa Europe, Asia, America. Kum'mwera kwa mitunduyi amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, kumpoto, kudera lamapiri-tundra, osamukira.
Mwana wankhumba (mwanawankhosa)
Nyama yayikulu yomwe ilibe malo opanda nthenga m'khosi, pachifuwa, pamutu, monga ziwombankhanga zina. Mlomo ndi wokometseredwa ndi nthenga zolimba, zonga ndevu. Mtundu wonyezimira wagawo lakumtunda umasandulika kukhala utoto wofiyira kumtunda.
Mapikowo ndi akuda kwambiri. Amadyetsa makamaka nyama zakufa, koma nyama zazing'ono ndi zofooka zimakhala nyama. Munthu wandevu amataya mitembo pamiyala kuti athyole mafupa akulu. Amapezeka m'malo ovuta kufikako a mapiri akumwera kwa Eurasia, Africa.
Njoka
Mbalame zosamukasamuka zapakatikati. Kudziwika kwa anthu omwe amadya njoka kumaonekera pakuwononga zokwawa. Zodya nthenga zili ndi mutu waukulu, maso achikasu, ndi mapiko otambalala kwambiri. Imvi yakuda, mchira wa milozo.
Amakhala ku Europe, nthawi yozizira kumadera otentha ku Africa. Amakonda madera okhala ndi nkhalango zosinthasintha m'mbali, malo otsetsereka a dzuwa. Pothawa, amapachika pamalo amodzi, kufunafuna nyama yomwe angawadyetse. Masikelo olimba pamapazi amateteza ku kulumidwa ndi njoka zapoizoni za mbalame. Omwe adadya njoka amezedwa kuchokera kumutu.
Kiti yofiira
Wokongola mbalame yofiira kwambiri ndi utoto wakuda. Ma Kites afala ku Europe, amakhala m'minda yolimidwa, m'madambo pafupi ndi nkhalango. Mapepala abwino kwambiri, osaka nyama zamoyo.
Amapezeka m'mizinda m'malo otayira zinyalala, momwe mbalame zimayang'aniranso zovunda, zinyalala. Amawombera ziweto zaulimi, komwe amatha kukoka nkhuku kapena bakha, ndikudya nkhunda zoweta. Kuopseza mbalame zodya nyama kumakhala ntchito yofulumira kwa alimi ambiri a nkhuku.
Kaiti yakuda
Wokhala m'nkhalango, malo amiyala ali ndi nthenga zofiirira za mthunzi wakuda. Zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nsomba, zinyalala, zovunda. Nyamayi imawoneka ikubera mbalame zina. Kuwonjezeka kwa ma kites kumawonetsedwa poti amalanda zomwe zili m'mabasiketi amagulitsidwe ngakhale kwa anthu, osawopa anthu nkomwe.
Mphungu Yocheperako
Anthu wamba ku Europe, India, akutsogolera moyo wosamukasamuka wokhala ndi malo okhala nthawi yozizira ku Africa. Mwa mawonekedwe a mbalame, mapiko aatali ndi mchira ndi mawonekedwe. Mtundu wa nthenga ndi bulauni, mithunzi yopepuka. Amakonda nkhalango zowoneka bwino kuti azikhalamo, mapiri komanso malo athyathyathya okhala ndi madambo. Zimakhazikika pamafoloko amtengo. Mawu a mbalame amamveka kutali.
Khungubwe wamba
Mbalame yokhala ndi thupi lolimba, mtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi mizere yopingasa. Mchira wozungulira umawonekera mlengalenga, khosi lopanikizika ndi thupi. Mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, m'nkhalango ndi m'malo amiyala, m'zigwa. Amakonzekera kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, pali zokwanira kuchokera ku ntchentche. Mbalameyi idatchulidwa ndi mamvekedwe ake, ofanana ndi kutumphuka kwa mphaka wanjala.
Wodya mavu wamba
Mtundu wa mbalame umasiyana pakati pa nthenga zoyera ndi zofiirira. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ili ndi mikwingwirima yodziwika. Kulemera kwa mbalame wamkulu pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Malo okhalamo kwambiri amapezeka m'malo a nkhalango ku Europe ndi Asia. Odya mavu amakhala nyengo yozizira ku Africa.
Zakudyazo zimachokera ku tizilombo, makamaka mavu. Kuchokera kulumidwa ndi mavu oluma, maso ndi malo am'kamwa mwa mbalame amatetezedwa ndi nthenga zowirira. Mbalame zazing'ono, amphibiya, zokwawa zazing'ono ndizowonjezera chakudya cha wakudya mavu.
Mphungu yoyera
Mbalame zazikulu zolimba zakuda bulauni zokhala ndi mchira woyera woyera. Otsatira gawo lamadzi, amakhala kwa zaka zambiri kumapiri amiyala pamitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amasaka nyama yayikulu, samanyoza zakufa.
Mbalame
Nyama yamphongo yapakatikati yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyana yamitundu yakuda ndi yoyera, yokhala ndi gawo lopanda khungu pamutu. Nthenga zazitali kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi khosi. Ziwombankhanga ndizofala ku Eurasia, Africa.
Mbalame zamasana zolusa nthawi zambiri amayandama m'malo odyetserako ziweto, amapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Chakudyacho chimachokera ku zinyalala, zovunda zakuchedwa kuwonongeka. Amasintha mosavuta kukhala ndi moyo uliwonse. Mbalame ndizofunikira kwambiri pokwaniritsa cholinga chodongosolo.
Mpheta
Chilombocho ndi choyimira chaching'ono cha banja la mphamba. Kusintha kwa kugonana kumawonetsedwa mumithunzi ya nthenga za mbalame. Amuna ndi otuwa kumtunda, pachifuwa ndi pamimba mu mikwingwirima yofiira. Akazi kumtunda ndi abulauni amtundu, gawo lakumunsi la thupi ndi loyera, lokhala ndi mizere. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nthenga zoyera pamwambapa, zofanana ndi nsidze.
Maso ndi miyendo yayitali ya mphamba ndi yachikasu. Sparrowhawks amapezeka ku Central ndi Northern Eurasia. Amasaka mbalame zing'onozing'ono mwamphamvu ngati mphezi, kusaka nyama zakuthambo. Moyo umadalira dera. Anthu akumpoto amasamukira kunyengo yachisanu kufupi ndi malire akumwera kwa malo okhala.
Goshawk
Mbalame ndi zazikulu kuposa achibale a sparrowhawk. Ndi akatswiri obisalira, akungodya nyama yatsopano. Amathamanga kwambiri mumasekondi ochepa. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamitundumitundu, kuphatikizapo zamapiri. Gwiritsitsani kumadera ena. Mbalame zolusa mabanja a skopin amaimiridwa ndi mtundu umodzi.
Osprey
Chilombo chachikulu chokhala ndi nthenga chimakhala padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku South America, makamaka ku Africa. Amadyetsa nsomba zokhazokha, chifukwa chake amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, kunyanja nthawi zambiri. Ngati matupi amadzi amaundana m'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera chakumtunda. Mtundu wosiyanitsa - wakuda kofiirira pamwamba ndi pansi pamtundu woyera. Mchira uli ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa.
Mphalapala amagwira nsomba kutalika ndi miyendo yaitali kutambasula patsogolo. Mapiko obwezeretsedwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe olumikizira dzanja. Chala chakunja cha mbalameyi chimazungulira moloza kumbuyo, ndipo chimathandiza kugwira nyamayo. Nthenga zosalala zimatetezedwa m'madzi, mavavu amphuno - kuchokera m'madzi mukamathamanga.
Banja la mphamba limasiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame. Milomo ya Falcons ndi dzino lowonjezera pamlomo. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imapezeka ku South America ndi South Asia.
Kobchik
Mbalame yaying'ono yomwe imasamukira kwina, yozizira makilomita masauzande ambiri kuchokera kumisasa. Kumakhala malo otseguka, posankha malo osasamalidwa, madambo. Amadyetsa tizilombo, makamaka Meyi kafadala. Posaka mapulani otsika. Amuna amtundu wakuda kwambiri, mimba ndiyopepuka. Akazi ali ndi mutu wofiira, thupi lotsika. Mikwingwirima yakuda imadutsa kumbuyo kwa imvi.
Kestrel wamba
Mbalame zimazolowera bwino malo osiyanasiyana. Kestrel amapezeka m'mapiri, nkhalango, zipululu, mabwalo amizinda, m'mapaki. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala ku Italy. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha anthu othawa kwawo.
Mtundu wa mbalame ndi wamitundu yambiri. Mutu wakuda ndi mchira, kumbuyo kofiira, pamimba bulauni-bulauni, zikhasu zachikaso. Malire akuda amayenda mchira, mawanga amdima amwazikana pa thupi. Chodziwika bwino cha mbalameyi ndi kuthekera kopachika mlengalenga pamalo amodzi ndi mchira wake pansi, uku ikuphwanya mapiko ake.
Nkhono yotulutsa peregine
Mbalameyi ndi yomangidwa mopindika, ndi mutu waukulu. Mapikowo ndi osongoka, monga nthumwi zambiri zamphamba. Kulemera pafupifupi 1.3 kg. Kupadera kwa mbalame ndi mikhalidwe yawo yothamanga kwambiri. Peregrine Falcon ndiye mbalame yofulumira kwambiri pakati pa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Pachimake pake, liwiro limafika 300 km / h.
Kuyendetsa ndege kumalola kuti adani agwire nyama zosiyanasiyana. Nthenga za khungubwe wa peregrine kumtunda kwa thupi ndi wakuda. Chifuwa ndi mimba zili zowala, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwakutali. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zachikasu. Zabodza za Peregrine zimakhala ku Australia, Asia, America, Europe.
Mbalame zambiri zimakhazikika m'malo ophulika. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame za kuzilumba zaku Mediterranean ndizochepa kukula, ndikutuluka kofiira pamimba. Okonda mbalame nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa za mbalame potenga anapiye, potero amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Zosangalatsa
Mbalameyi ndi mtundu wa mbalame zazing'ono, yomwe imakhala m'malo ambiri okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi 300 gr yokha. Mayina a mbalame zodya nyama nthawi zina amalowezedwa ndi kuyerekezera. Chifukwa chake, kutengera kufanana kwa utoto, chizolowezicho nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "kakang'ono ka peregrine falcon".
Mbalame zimasamuka maulendo ataliatali nyengo yozizira isanagwe. Amakonda nkhalango zazikulu zomwe zimasinthana ndi malo otseguka. Nthawi zina mbalame zimauluka m'mapaki am'mizinda, m'mapula a poplar. Imasaka tizilombo ndi mbalame zazing'ono madzulo.
Zamgululi
Dzina lachiwiri la mitunduyo ndi falcon yaku Mediterranean. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu chikupezeka ku Italy. Mu Russia, nthawi zina amapezeka ku Dagestan. Amakonda malo amiyala, mapiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Makanema ali chete mokwanira kulira kwa mbalame zodya nyama zimangomveka pafupi ndi zisa. Kuda nkhawa kwaumunthu kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu.
Mlembi mbalame
Mwa dongosolo la falconiformes, mbalame yayikulu ndiyomwe imayimira banja lake. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 4 kg, kutalika ndi 150 cm, mapiko opitilira mamita 2. Pali mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa dzina lachilendo la mbalameyi.
Kulongosola kofala kwambiri kofananira kwa mawonekedwe ndikuti mtundu wa nthenga za mbalameyo umafanana ndi zovala za mlembi wamwamuna. Ngati mumvetsera chidwi, nthenga zoyenda kumbuyo kwa mutu, khosi lalitali, miyendo yopyapyala mu "buluku" lakuda kwambiri, ndiye kuti kubadwa kwa chithunzi-chithunzi kumawonekera bwino.
Mapiko akuluakulu amathandiza kuti aziuluka bwino kwambiri. Ndiyamika miyendo yaitali, mlembi akuthamanga kwambiri, akuthamanga liwiro la 30 km / h. Kuchokera patali, mawonekedwe a mbalameyo amafanana ndi mbewa, mphalapala, koma maso a chiwombankhanga, mlomo wamphamvu umachitira umboni zenizeni za nyamayi.
Alembi amakhala ku Africa kokha. Mbalame zimakhala pawiri, kukhala zokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake moyo wawo wonse. Ziwombankhanga zaku America zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, kuledzera ndi chakudya, kukwera ndege.
Condor
Mitundu yamakondomu a Andesan ndi California ndi odabwitsa m'mphamvu ndi kukula kwake. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu za malamulo olimba, okhala ndi mapiko otalika mamita 3. Chodabwitsa ndi khosi lofiira lamaliseche lalitali lokhala ndi kolala yoyera ya nthenga, mlomo wolumikizidwa wokhala ndi ndolo zachikopa.
Pali mphukira yotuluka pamphumi yamphongo. Makondomu osiyanasiyana amamangiriridwa ku machitidwe am'mapiri. Mbalame zongokhala zimatha kuwona pamapiri amiyala, pakati pa mapiri ataliatali. Amadzuka mumlengalenga kuchokera nthawi yayitali kapena kunyamuka pamapiri amiyala. Akangowuluka movutikira, sangathenso kukupiza kamodzi kokha kwa ola limodzi.
Ngakhale amawoneka owopsa, mbalamezo ndizamtendere. Amadyetsa zowola, amadya chakudya chochuluka mosungira. Mbalame ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala zaka 50-60, olemba mbiri - mpaka zaka 80. Anthu akale amalemekeza ma condor ngati mbalame za totem.
Urubu
Mtundu wa American black catarta, dzina lachiwiri la mbalameyi, umagawidwa kudera lalikulu la North ndi South America. Kukula kwake ndikotsika kuposa kondor, kulemera kwake sikupitilira 2 kg. Mutu ndi khosi zilibe nthenga kumtunda, khungu limakwinyika kwambiri, imvi.
Mapazi olimba amaoneka ngati oyenera kuthamanga pansi. Amakonda malo otsika, malo opanda anthu, nthawi zina mbalame zimagwera m'malo otayira mumzinda. Kuphatikiza pa zovunda, amadya zipatso zamasamba, kuphatikiza zowola.
Turkey chiwombankhanga
Mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri ku America. Mbali ya khosi la Turkey ndi mutu wawung'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi lowala. Pafupifupi nthenga pamutu, khungu lopanda kanthu ndi lofiira. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda.
Nthenga zina zomwe zili pansi pamapiko ake ndi silvery. Anthu aku Turkey amakonda kudyetsa pafupi ndi msipu, minda, kuyang'ana nyama zakufa. Kudziwitsa bwino za fungo kumathandiza kupeza chakudya m'misasa pansi pa nthambi za tchire. Mbalame zimawerengedwa chete, bata, koma nthawi zina mumatha kumva phokoso la mbalame zodya nyama yofanana ndi kudandaula kapena kutsinya.
Mbalame yachifumu
Dzinalo mbalame limalungamitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongola, njira yina yamoyo kunja kwa gulu lankhosa. Kuphatikiza apo, polimbana ndi obadwa nyama, mafumu achifumu nthawi zambiri amapambana ndewu. Mbalame zimakopeka ndi nyama zakufa, nthawi zina nsomba za bakha, nyama zazing'ono, zokwawa zimadzazanso ndi chakudya.
Mbalame zakutchire zodya nyama mosiyana ndi ambiri osaka masana, amayimiridwa ndi akadzidzi, mitundu ya nkhokwe. Mapangidwe apadera a anatomical amathandizira kusiyanitsa dongosolo lapadera lazilombo zooneka ngati kadzidzi.
Kadzidzi
Nkhuni zowala za nthenga zimapanga zotchedwa nkhope disc. Nyama zonse zakutchire zimakhala ndi maso akulu kutsogolo kwa mutu. Mbali ya masomphenya ndi hyperopia. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, kadzidzi amakhala ndi mabowo okutidwa ndi nthenga. Kumva kwakuthwa ndi kununkhiza kumakhala kowirikiza nthawi 50 kuposa kuthekera kwa anthu.
Mbalame imangoyang'ana mtsogolo, koma kuthekera kosinthasintha mutu wake 270 ° kumapereka mawonekedwe owonekera mozungulira. Khosi silikuwoneka. Nthenga zofewa, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumapereka kuwuluka mwakachetechete.
Zikhadabo zakuthwa, chala chakunja chosunthika, chopindika kumbuyo, chosinthidwa kuti chigwire nyama. Ziwombankhanga zonse zimakhala ndi mtundu wobisala - kuphatikiza kwa mizere yakuda-bulauni-wakuda ndi mikwingwirima yoyera.
Kadzidzi khola
Mbalame yowoneka modabwitsa, yomwe imati imakhala ndi nkhope ya nyani. Monga ngati chigoba choyera pamutu chimapangitsa wolanda usiku kukhala wodabwitsa. Kutalika kwa thupi la kadzidzi ndi masentimita 40. Msonkhano wosayembekezereka nthawi yakumadzulo ndi mbalame yaying'ono umasiya kukumbukira.
Kuyenda mwakachetechete ndikuwonekera mwadzidzidzi ndizofala zodya nyama. Mbalameyi inamutcha dzina chifukwa cha mawu ake okokomeza, ofanana ndi chifuwa. Kukwanitsa kukamwa kwake kumawopsyeza apaulendo usiku. Masana, mbalamezi zimagona panthambi, mosazindikirika pakati pa mitengo.
Mbalame zamitundumitundu zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Luso la osaka nthenga lakhala likuwongoleredwa ndi chilengedwe kuyambira kalekale dziko lapansi.
