Lakedra - kusukulu nsomba za mackerel zazikulu zazikulu. Zimapezeka munyanja zoyandikana ndi Peninsula yaku Korea ndi zilumba zazilumba zaku Japan. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'nyanja zam'madzi zaku Japan motero nthawi zambiri amatchedwa lakedra waku Japan. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mayina ena odziwika: yellowtail, alireza chikopa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Lakedra ndi nsomba yodya mbale, pelagic. Kulemera kwa chilombochi kumafika makilogalamu 40, kutalika mpaka 1.5 m. Mutu ndi waukulu, wolunjika; kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 20% ya kutalika kwa thupi. Pakamwa pake ndi pakatikati, kutsetsereka pang'ono kutsika. Pakatikati pake pali maso ozungulira ndi iris yoyera.
Thupi limalumikizidwa, limapanikizika pang'ono kuchokera mbali, limapitilizabe kupindika pamutu. Masikelo ang'onoang'ono amapatsa lachedra kuwala kwazitsulo. Kumbuyo kwa chikasu kuli mdima wotsogolera, mbali yakumunsi ili yoyera pafupifupi. Mzere wachikaso wokhala ndi zotumphukira umayenda mthupi lonse, pafupifupi pakati. Imafikira kumapeto kwa caudal ndikuipatsa safironi hue.
Mphepete yam'mbali imagawika. Gawo lake loyamba, lalifupi lili ndi mitsempha 5-6. Gawo lalitali limakhala theka lonselo lakumbuyo mpaka kumchira. Ili ndi cheza cha 29-36, chocheperachepera pamene ikuyandikira mchira. Kumapeto kwa anal kumakhala ndi mitsempha itatu koyambirira, 2 mwa iyo imakhala yokutidwa ndi khungu. Gawo lomaliza, pali cheza 17 mpaka 22.
Mitundu
Lakedra imaphatikizidwanso m'gulu lachilengedwe lotchedwa Seriola quinqueradiata. Gawo la mtundu wa Seriola kapena Seriola, nsomba izi mwachikhalidwe zimatchedwa michira yachikaso. M'mabuku achingerezi, dzina loti amberjack limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, lomwe lingamasuliridwe kuti "amber pike" kapena "mchira wa amber". Pamodzi ndi lacedra, mtunduwo umagwirizanitsa mitundu 9:
- Asian yellowtail kapena Seriola aureovitta.
- Chikwangwani chachikuda cha ku Guinea kapena chosema cha Seriola.
- California amberjack kapena Seriola dorsalis.
- Amberjack yayikulu kapena Seriola dumerili.
- Amberjack yaying'ono kapena Seriola fasciata.
- Samisoni nsomba kapena mvuu za Seriola Günther.
- South Amberjack kapena Seriola lalandi Valenciennes
- Chikasu chachikuda ku Peru kapena Seriola peruana Steindachner.
- Chingwe chamizeremizere kapena Seriola zonata.
Mitundu yonse yama serioles ndi nyama zolusa, zogawidwa munyanja zotentha za World Ocean. Mamembala ambiri amtundu wa Seriola amasilira nyama zomwe asodzi amakonda, pafupifupi onse omwe amagulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa njira zausodzi zachikhalidwe, ma yellowtails amalimidwa m'minda ya nsomba.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Atabadwira kum'mwera kwa malowa, ku East China Sea, mbalame zazing'ono zachikasu zimasamukira kumpoto, kudera lamadzi loyandikira chilumba cha Hokkaido. M'chigawo chino Lacedra amakhala zaka 3-5 zoyambirira za moyo wake.
Nsombazo zimakhala zolemera kwambiri ndipo zimapita kummwera kuti zikaswane. Mu Marichi-Epulo, magulu amtundu wachikasu lachedra amatha kupezeka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa Honshu. Kuphatikiza pa kusamuka kuchokera kumalo okhalamo kupita kumadera oswana, lakedras amasamukira pafupipafupi.
Pokhala m'modzi mwamagawo apamwamba kwambiri azakudya, chikasu chimatsagana ndi sukulu zazing'ono zazing'ono: Anchovies aku Japan, mackerels ndi ena. Zomwezo zimasunthira pambuyo pazakudya zazing'ono kwambiri: crustaceans, plankton. Kudya mazira a nsomba panjira, kuphatikizapo mchira wachikaso.
Izi ndizopindulitsa, kuchokera pamawonekedwe azakudya, madera ena nthawi zina amapha. Nsomba zophunzirira kusukulu monga anchovies ndizomwe zimawonongedwa mwachangu. Pofuna kudzipezera chakudya, lakedra wachikasu amatsata chakudya chomwe chingakhalepo. Zotsatira zake, amadzazidwa ndikuwedza nsomba zina.
Kusodza kwa malonda ndi zosangalatsa lacedra
Kusodza komwe akuyembekezeredwa ku yellowtail lachedra kumachitika m'malo agombe. Zida zosodza makamaka ndowe. Chifukwa chake, zombo zakuwedza monga ma longliners amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Usodzi wam'madzi wamsika umachitika pang'ono, pafupifupi m'malo mwa kubzala kwa yellowtail m'minda yamafuta.
Kusodza kwamasewera ku lachedra yachikasu ndichizolowezi cha asodzi amateur ku Far East. Malangizo awa aku Russia akuwonjezeka osati kalekale, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo. Asodzi oyamba mwayi adaganiza kuti agwidwa nsomba. Lakedra sanali kudziwika kwenikweni kwa okonda zoweta nsomba.
Koma ukadaulo wausodzi, njira zaukadaulo ndi nyambo zidakwaniritsidwa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Tsopano asodzi ochokera m'mizinda yambiri ya federali akubwera ku Russia Far East kuti adzasangalale kusewera lacedra. Ena amapita kukawedza ku Korea ndi ku Japan.
Njira yayikulu yopezera chikasu ndikupondaponda. Ndiye kuti, kunyamula nyambo pa sitima yofulumira. Itha kukhala bwato lothamanga kapena njinga yayikulu yamagalimoto.
Nthawi zambiri, ma-tailed achikasu okha amathandiza asodzi. Kuyambira kusaka anchovy, gulu la michira yachikaso lazungulira sukulu yasomba. Ma anchovies amakondana pamodzi ndikukwera pamwamba. Zomwe zimatchedwa "boiler" zimapangidwa.
Mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimayang'anira nyanja zimasonkhana pamwamba pa mphika, ndikuukira tsango la anchovy. Asodzi, nawonso, amatsogoleredwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi, amapita kukatentha pamadzi ndikuyamba kuwedza yellowtail. Poterepa, kugwiritsira ntchito kuponyera kwa ogwedezeka ndi kuponyera nyambo kapena kupondaponda kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Asodzi odziwa zambiri akuti zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zitha kugwidwa kumalire akumwera a lakedra - pagombe la Korea. Nthawi zambiri, tackle yotchedwa "pilker" imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi. Kukopa kokoka kumeneku kwa nsomba zowongoka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwedza chikopa cholemera masekeli 10-20 ngakhale 30 kg. Izi zikutsimikizira lachedra pachithunzichizomwe zimapangidwa ndi angler wodala.
Kulima kopangira lachedra
Yellowtails nthawi zonse yakhala yofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zaku Japan. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anali okhala kuzilumba zaku Japan omwe adakhala olimbikira kulima kwa lachedra wachikasu.
Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1927 pachilumba cha Shikoku ku Japan. Ku Kagawa Prefecture, gawo lina lamadzi lamamita mazana mazana angapo linali lotchingidwa ndi netiweki. Michira yachikaso yomwe idagwidwa munyanjayo idatulutsidwa munyanja yopanga nyanja. Pachiyambi choyambirira, awa anali nsomba za mibadwo yosiyana, motero, kukula kwa nsomba-lacedra.
Chidziwitso choyamba sichinachite bwino kwenikweni. Mavuto okonzekera chakudya ndi kuyeretsa madzi adadzimva okha. Koma kuyesa kwakukula kwa lachedra sikunali koopsa kwathunthu. Gulu loyamba la chikasu cholimidwa lidayamba kugulitsidwa mu 1940. Pambuyo pake, kupanga lacedra kudakulirakulira kwambiri. Chinawonjezeka mu 1995 pomwe matani 170,000 a yellowtail lacedra adayikidwa pamsika wapadziko lonse wa nsomba.
Pakadali pano, kupanga kwa chakudya chachakudya chachikopa kwatsika pang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuwerengera konse kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zam'madzi zomwe zimakololedwa mwachilengedwe zimakwezedwa m'minda ya nsomba. Kuphatikiza pa Japan, South Korea ndiomwe akutenga nawo mbali pantchito yolima lachedra. Ku Russia, kupanga kwa chikasu sikutchuka chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta kwambiri.
Vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhalapo pakupanga ndizomwe zimayambira, ndiye kuti mphutsi. Nkhani yachangu imathetsedwa m'njira ziwiri. Amapezeka ndi makulitsidwe opangira. Njira yachiwiri, mwachangu lacedra imagwidwa mwachilengedwe. Njira zonsezi ndi zolemetsa komanso zosadalirika.
Kuchokera ku South China Sea, kudumphira kuzilumba zaku Japan, Kuroshio Current yamphamvu ikuyenda m'ma nthambi angapo. Ndiwo mtsinje womwe umanyamula omwe atuluka kumene ndikukula mpaka 1.5 cm mwachangu wa lacedra. Ichthyologists apeza malo omwe amawoneka ambiri. Pakadali pano kusamukira, maukonde amiyala yaying'ono amayikidwa panjira yachikaso chachinyamata.
Kugwira lakedra wachinyamata woyenera kunenepa kwambiri kwakhala kopindulitsa pachuma. Kuphatikiza pa asodzi aku Japan, aku Koreya ndi Vietnamese adayamba ntchitoyi. Mitengo yonse imagulitsidwa ku minda ya nsomba ku Japan.
Ana ogwidwa, obadwa mwaufulu sikokwanira kukweza minda yonse ya nsomba. Chifukwa chake, njira zopangira mphutsi za yellowtail zatha. Imeneyi ndi njira yobisika, yovuta. Kuyambira ndikukonzekera ndi kusamalira gulu la nsomba zoswana, kutha ndikukhazikitsa malo olandila mafuta achangu achichepere.
Mu gulu limodzi ndi lomwelo la nyama zazing'ono pali anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yamphamvu. Pofuna kupewa kudyedwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya anzawo ofooka, mwachangu amasankhidwa. Kugawa magulu kukula kumathandizanso kuti msanga gulu likule msanga.
Achinyamata ofanana kukula amayikidwa m'makola osungira amadzi. Pakukula, lakedra amapatsidwa chakudya kutengera zachilengedwe zam'madzi: ma rotifers, nauplii shrimps. Matenda osokoneza bongo. Chakudya cha achinyamata chimalimbikitsidwa ndi mafuta okhathamira, mavitamini, zofunikira zofunikira komanso mankhwala.
Anawo akamakula, amawasamutsira m'makontena akuluakulu. Ndi khalidwe lomwe adalowetsedwa osayenera pulasitiki adziwonetsera bwino kwambiri. Kuti mupeze michira yapamwamba yachikaso kumapeto komaliza, mipanda ya mauna yokhala ndi voliyumu ya 50 * 50 * 50 m.
Nsomba zolemera 2-5 kg zimawerengedwa kuti zakula pamsika. Lakedra yolemera ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa hamachi ku Japan. Amagulitsidwa atsopano, ozizira, amaperekedwa kumalesitilanti, ndi kugulitsa kunja.
Kuti phindu likwaniritse, lakedra nthawi zambiri amakula mpaka kulemera kwa 8 kg kapena kupitilira apo. Nsomba zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zamzitini ndi zotsalira. Kulemera kwa lachedra komwe kumalimidwa kumatsimikizika pakufuna msika, komanso zimadalira nyengo. Kutenthetsa madzi, ndikukula kwakukula kwa nsomba.
Nsomba zambiri zowetedwa zimaperekedwa kwa makasitomala. Koma izi sizikugwira ntchito ku yellowtail. Asanatumizidwe kwa wogula, munthu aliyense amaphedwa ndikupatsidwa mphamvu. Kenako amaikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi ayezi.
Kufunika kwa nsomba m'malo abwino kwalimbikitsa kukonza kwa zidebe zapadera zowunikira kwambiri ndi kutumizira nsomba. Koma lusoli mpaka pano limangogwira ntchito kwa makasitomala a VIP.
Zakudya zabwino
M'malo awo achilengedwe, michira yachikaso, ikabadwa, imayamba kudya nyama zazing'ono kwambiri, chilichonse chomwe chimadziwika ndi dzina loti plankton. Mukamakula, kukula kwa zikho kumawonjezeka. Yellowtail Lacedra ili ndi chakudya chosavuta: muyenera kupeza ndi kumeza chilichonse chomwe chimayenda ndikukula.
Lakedra nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi gulu la herring, mackerel, nsomba za anchovy. Koma posaka zina, imatha kukhala nyama ya nyama zina zazikuluzikulu. Achinyamata a chaka amakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Yellowtails ndi mahatchi ena amchere m'magulu onse amoyo amakhala chandamale cha nsomba zamalonda. Lakedra yatenga malo ake oyenera mumakonzedwe azakudya zaku Asia ndi ku Europe. Anthu aku Japan ndi omwe amapambana pachiphika chachikaso.
Chithandizo chodziwika kwambiri mdziko lonse ndi hamachi teriyaki, zomwe sizitanthauza kuti lakedra yokazinga. Chinsinsi chonse chakulawa chimakhala mu marinade, omwe amakhala ndi dashi msuzi, mirin (vinyo wotsekemera), msuzi wa soya ndi chifukwa.
Zonse zimasakanikirana. Zotsatira zake marinade ndizaka 20-30 mphindi lachedra nyama... Kenako ndi yokazinga. Monga zokometsera ndi: anyezi wobiriwira, tsabola, adyo, masamba ndi mafuta a nyama. Zonsezi zimawonjezeredwa ku lakedra, kapena, monga achi Japan amatchulira hamachi, ndipo amatumizidwa akamaliza.
Lakedra ndi maziko abwino osati azakudya zaku Japan komanso zakum'mawa. Zimapanga machitidwe abwino ku Europe kwathunthu. Chikopa chofewa, chophika, chophikidwa mu uvuni - pali mitundu yambiri. Pasitala waku Italiya wokhala ndi lacedra chunks atha kukhala gawo lazakudya zaku Mediterranean.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pobzala, nsomba zimayandikira kumapeto kwakummwera kwa gawo lawo: magombe a Korea, zilumba za Shikoku, Kyushu. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala azaka 3-5 mpaka nthawi yoyamba kubereka. Zotsalira mkati mwa 200 mita kuchokera pagombe, akazi achitsitsi chachikaso amatulutsa molunjika m'mbali yamadzi, komwe kumatchedwa kuti pelagic spawning. Lakedra wamwamuna wapafupi amachita pang'ono: amatulutsa mkaka.
Lacedra caviar yaying'ono, yochepera 1 mm m'mimba mwake, koma yambiri. Mkazi wamkazi wachikaso amatulutsa mazira masauzande ambiri, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ndi umuna. Tsogolo lotsatira la miluza yachikasu lachedra limatengera mwayi. Mazira ambiri amatha, amadyedwa, nthawi zina ndi lachedra yemweyo. Makulitsidwe amatenga nthawi yayitali mpaka miyezi 4.
Kupulumuka mwachangu cha yellowtail lacedra kumadyetsa makamaka pazinthu zazing'onozing'ono. Achijapani amatcha mwachangu 4-5 mm kukula ngati mojako. Kuyesera kuti apulumuke, amatsata madera am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi cladophores, sargas, kelp ndi algae ena ambiri. Atafika pakukula kwa masentimita 1-2, achinyamata lachedra pang'onopang'ono amakhala otetezedwa ndi zobiriwira. Amangotenga osati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha, komanso mazira a nsomba zina, zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono.
Nsomba zolemera zoposa 50 g, koma osafikira kilogalamu 5, amatchedwa hamachi ndi achi Japan. Anthu okhala pazilumbazi amatcha michira yachikaso, yopitilira ma 5 kg, bur. Atafika pagawo la khomachi, ma lakedras amayamba kudaliratu. Kukula, limodzi ndi mafunde amayenda kupita kumalire akumpoto kwamtunduwu.
Mtengo
Lakedra — zokoma nsomba. Zinayamba kupezeka pambuyo poti kulima kwachangu kumafamu a nsomba. Mtengo wotsika wa lakedra wachikaso wolowera sikudutsa ma ruble 200. pa kg. Mitengo yamalonda ndi yokwera: pafupifupi 300 rubles. pa kg ya lakedra wachisanu.
