Makamu ambiri ali m'gulu la oyamba kubwerera kudziko lakwawo kuchokera kumayiko otentha. Nyemba zazing'ono... Alenje samangokhala ndi chidwi ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo, nyama yowonda, komanso malingaliro ndi kuzindikira kwa mbalameyo. Kupeza chikho chosiririka ndi nkhani yolemekezeka, kutsimikizira kupirira, kulondola kwa woponyayo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mu mbalame yayikulu yofiirira, zikwangwani zowala zachikasu ndi lalanje pamlomo wakuda wamtundu womwewo zimayang'ana kumbuyo kwa nthenga zosawoneka bwino. Kulemera kochepa kwa tsekwe za nyemba ndi 2.5 kg, kutalika kwake ndi 5 kg. Mapikowo akuthawa ndi 1.5-1.7 m.
Ngati muyang'ana mwatcheru, tsekwe nyemba pachithunzichi pamwamba pa khosi ndikuda kuposa chifuwa, mimba ndi yoyera, ndipo mbali zake zimakhala ndi mipiringidzo yopepuka. Mtundu wa makoko umadalira malo okhalamo, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikaso kapena lalanje. Ma dimorphism amafotokozedwa kukula kwake, akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna.
Liwu la nyemba za tsekwe chosasunthika, chakuthwa, chofanana ndi chiweto cha mbalame zoweta zamtunduwu.
Gulu louluka limapanga phokoso lochepetsetsa lomwe limamveka kuchokera pamtunda wamakilomita angapo. Atsekwe amitundu ina amalabadira mawuwo mwadzidzidzi. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alenje pogula chinyengo chonse.
Mitundu
Nyemba za tsekwe imagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono malinga ndi zisa ndi malo okhala:
- Goose wa m'nkhalango amakhala m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango zakumadzulo kwa Siberia. Amakhala m'magulu am'banja kapena maanja, osapanga zigawo. Subpecies amaonekera ndi mlomo wautali komanso mphuno yomveka katatu.
- Mitundu ya West-Eastern (Tundra) ili ponseponse m'malo azilumba za Arctic, tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra biotopes. Mlomo watupa, wamfupi kuposa wa tsekwe zamtchire. Mbalameyi imalemera -3.5 kg, mapiko ake sapitirira mita imodzi ndi theka. The paws ndi achikuda achikasu, lalanje. Gulu lachikaso ndilopapatiza kuposa la ma subspecies ena.
- Goose wamakalata ochepa amalemera ochepera makilogalamu atatu. Mlomo ndi wamfupi kwambiri wokhala ndi milozo wonyezimira pakati. Ikapindidwa, mapiko ang'onoang'ono samafika kumapeto kwa nthenga za mchira. Habitat - Madera akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia, kum'mawa kwa Greenland, Iceland. Pali kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha subspecies, osapitirira 60 anthu zikwi.
- Taiga Nyemba zaimvi amadziwika mosamala kwambiri. Kugawidwa Kum'mawa kwa Siberia. Mbalameyi ndi yaikulu, yolemera makilogalamu 4.5. Paws, gulaye pamlomo - lalanje. Mutu ndi kumbuyo kwake ndikodera kuposa nthenga zonse zofiirira.
Mawu a subspecies onse ndi ofanana. Zizindikiro zakutchire zakuthwa ndikuthwa, kufulumira, kuchepa pafupipafupi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame yakumpoto imakonda kukhala mu biotopes tundra, steppe ndi nkhalango. Amamva bwino m'nkhalango pafupi ndi nyanja ndi madambo. Timagulu topitilira nthawi yayitali kugombe la Mediterranean, ku Western Europe, kumwera kwa Asia. Atsekwe a nyemba zazifupi amadikirira nyengo yachisanu ku Netherlands, England.
Ngakhale mbalame zam'madzi zimakhazikika pafupi ndi mathithi amadzi osefukira, pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja, tsekwe amathera tsiku lonse m'chigwa kapena m'madambo osefukira kufunafuna chakudya. Amatsikira kumadzi pafupi ndi usiku kuti akapumule.
Mbalameyi imauluka bwino, imamira bwino komanso ikuyenda pansi. Nthawi zoopsa, makamaka panthawi ya molting, pamene tsekwe wa nyemba sangathe kuuluka, imathawa. Pamtunda, tsekwe amachita molimba mtima ngati pamadzi. Poyenda ndikuthamanga, mosiyana ndi abakha, imangoyenda mofanana, siyiyenda.
Ndikosatheka kuyandikira malo odyetsera osadziwika. Gululo liziwonetsa mbalame zingapo mozungulira komanso pakati kuti zitetezedwe. Mlendo akafika, alondawo amanyamula ndi kuwachenjeza achibale awo za ngoziyo.
Akuluakulu molt mu magawo awiri. Nthenga zimayamba kusintha chilimwe, zomwe zimathera nthawi yophukira. Pa nthawi ya molt, chifukwa cha kusatetezeka kwawo, mbalamezi zimalumikizana m'magulu kuti ziziteteze ku nyama zodya nyama ndikupita kumalo omwe kuli udzu wochepa, komwe kumakhala kowonera bwino ndipo kumakhala kovuta kuti alendo asayandikire gulu.
Molting ndiyosagwirizana. Oyamba kutaya nthenga ndi atsekwe achichepere, atatha masiku 10 achibale achikulire. Kukula kwachinyamata kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo kumasintha kukhala nthenga nthawi yotentha komanso pang'ono nthawi yophukira.
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, maanja ndi magulu amasonkhana m'magulu. Nyama za nyemba zimauluka bwino ndikukwera (mpaka 10 km pamwamba pa nyanja) nthawi iliyonse masana. Mapangidwe amtundu kapena opindika pamzere umodzi wowongoka, mapaketi amatsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri odziwa zambiri, nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake. Pangozi, mtsogoleriyo akukwera m'mwamba mwamphamvu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi atsekwe ndi momwe amaimbira pafupipafupi akauluka pandege.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za tsekwe za nyemba makamaka zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba, zochepa zanyama. Mbalame zazikulu zimakonda zakudya zamasamba:
- mizu, masamba a zitsamba zokula kuthengo;
- bango mphukira;
- cranberries, mabulosi abulu;
- nyemba za kondomu.
Atchuthi, pakauluka ndege, atsekwe amaima m'minda, komwe amadya tirigu, mapira, chimanga, ndi mpunga. Ziwembu za Dacha sizinyalanyazidwa, kudya masamba.Dzina la tsekwe, lochokera ku mawu oti "malo opunthira", kutanthauza malo okhala ndi mpanda wokonzera kapena kusungira mbewu zambewu, limalankhula lokha pazokonda pazakudya.
Pamtunda, malo odyetsera mbalame amatsimikiziridwa ndi moss wong'ambika, womwe umalepheretsa kufikira mizu yodyedwa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timafunikira chakudya cha mapuloteni kuti chikule, chopangidwa ndi tizilombo, mollusk, ndi mazira.
Nthawi yobereka
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, kuyambira nthawi yachisanu, atsekwe azaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kapena kupitilira apo amafika woyamba, omwe apangidwa kale awiriawiri, opangidwa m'maiko otentha. Mbalame zosakhwima zimapanga gulu losiyana.
Kubwerera kuchokera kumalo ozizira kumawonjezeredwa nthawi. Nyemba za nyemba zimauluka kupita ku Far East mu Epulo-Meyi. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta, monga Kolyma, Taimyr, Chukotka, atsekwe amabwerera kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni.
Pomanga chisa, momwe tsekwe ndi tsekwe amatenga nawo mbali, banjali limapeza malo owuma, okwera pang'ono pafupi ndi dziwe. M'malo osankhidwa, mbalame zimakhazikika padziko lapansi, zimapanga 10 cm yakuya komanso 30 cm m'mimba mwake.
Kongoletsani ndi moss, ndere, udzu wa chaka chatha. Zitsulo, m'mbali mwa chisa zimakhala ndi zawo pansi, nthenga. Ntchito zonse zimatenga pafupifupi masabata atatu. Nthawi zina atsekwe amapezerapo mwayi pa kupsinjika kwachilengedwe mwa kuyika thireyi ndikutulutsa madzi.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira atatu mpaka asanu ndi anayi otumbululuka a magalamu 12, omwe pambuyo pake amasintha mtundu kukhala waimvi-chikasu, kuphatikiza ndi chilengedwe. M'masiku 25, pasanathe masiku omaliza a Julayi, anapiye amatuluka. Pansi kumbuyo kwa goslings ndi imvi ndi bulauni kapena kulocha kwa azitona, kumunsi kwa thupi kumakhala chikasu.
Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali pakuthyola zowalamulira, koma amakhala pafupi, amateteza yaikazi. Ngati ngozi ibwera, mayi woyembekezera amabisala, ndipo tsekwe, poyendetsa, amatenga mlendoyo kuchoka kumanda.
Ngati sikutheka kulimbana ndi chilombocho, tsekwe za nyemba zimatha kuthana ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe. Ana a anawo atauma, makolo amayesetsa kutenga anawo mwachangu kupita nawo kumapiri okhala ndi chakudya chambiri komanso chakudya, komwe amapitiliza kuwasamalira.
Ngati chiwopsezo chayandikira, akuluakulu amauza anapiyewo kuti azibisala ndi kubisala muudzu. Amadziwuluka okha, kupatutsa chidwi cha ana. Kusintha kwa gosling kukhala tsekwe wamkulu wa nyemba kumatenga mwezi umodzi ndi theka.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti makolo, pouluka kukadyetsa, amasiyira ana awo m'manja mwa banja la wina. Bakha yemwe wakhala kumbuyo kwa anawo, nawonso samasiyidwa, koma amateteza achikulire omwe adapeza.
Gulu loti ndege zothamangirako nthawi yachisanu zimapangidwa ndi nthawi yomwe ana amakhala ataphunzira kale kuuluka, ndipo makolo awo asungunuka. M'malo awo okhala, moyo wa tsekwe ndi zaka 20, anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo mpaka 25. Kunyumba, atsekwe amakhala zaka 5 kupitirira apo.
Nyemba zosaka tsekwe
Asanayambe nkhondo yayikulu yakukonda dziko lako, nzika zakumpoto zidasaka tsekwe zambiri. Potengera mawu a mbalame, amasaka nyama zam'mlengalenga nthawi iliyonse yamasika ndi yophukira. Maukondewo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nyama zazing'ono, akulu nthawi yosungunuka, kuwononga zisa, kusonkhanitsa mazira.
Misa kusaka nyemba ndipo kuwonongedwa kwake kudapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu. Tsopano chiwerengero cha ena subspecies wachira, masewera ndi malonda kusaka amaloledwa pa iwo.
Nthawi yopha nsomba ku Europe ndi masika, pomwe tsekwe wa nyemba amasiya kudya panjira yopita kudziko lakwawo. Alenje ayenera kuganizira zoletsa zaposachedwa ndikusintha:
- udindo wokhazikitsa nthawi yofikira waperekedwa ku maboma am'deralo;
- zida zazing'ono zamagetsi zokopa mbalame ndizoletsedwa;
- nkhuku zimatha kusakidwa m'minda ndikungotayikira kosakwana 1 km kuchokera posungira;
- Nthawi yokolola isagwirizane ndi chilolezo chosaka nyama zina.
Ngakhale zoletsedwa, kusaka machenjezo Nyemba zakutchire sikutchuka kwambiri. Alenje odziwa zambiri amasankha kuwombera ndege. Kuti apeze chikho chomwe akufuna, amaphunzira njirayo, amasankha malo pomwe gulu limauluka mtunda wosaposa 50 mita.
Kuwombera komwe kukuyembekezeredwa nthawi isanakwane kumatsegulidwa m'mawa, mbalamezo zikamachoka kumalo ausiku kupita kumunda. Njira yochepetsetsa ya njirayi imafotokozedwa ndi chenjezo la atsekwe, omwe amawona kuti mlenje ngakhale atabisala, komanso chifukwa chakuti gulu limodzi lokha limagwa.
Njira ina yosavuta yosakira, yoyenera ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene, ikuyandikira. Amabisala amapangidwa m'malo odyetserako kale. Pogona pomangidwa pafupi ndi kudzikundikira ndowe za tsekwe. Wowomberayo amafunika kupirira kwakukulu, kuleza mtima komanso kutha kukhala pamalo amodzi osasuntha kwa maola ambiri.
Mukamadikirira nthawi ndi nthawi gwiritsani ntchito chinyengo kwa tsekwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiritso zomveka kumalimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe angathe. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyana, atsekwe amawerengera mlendo ndikuwulukira kutali.
Zipolopolo zimawomberedwa poyandikira pansi kapena mukamadyetsa. Posaka, nyengo ya dzuwa ndiyotheka. Ngati mvula inayamba gululo kuthawa, kuwoneka bwino kumapangitsa nyemba kuti ziwuluke m'munsi, mofunitsitsa kuti ayankhe kuyitanidwa kwachinyengo.
Kuphatikiza pa phokoso, masewerawa amakopeka ndi nyama zodzaza, zomwe beanie amatenga kuti azisaka. Atsekwe onyengawo amawaika pamipando yoyang'anizana ndi malo obisalira omwe ali mbali ya leeward. Atsekwe amatha kufika mbali zonse, koma amafika kumtunda kumene kuli mphepo. Njira ina yodzikongoletsera nyama ndi mbiri ya plywood, yomwe mungadzipange nokha.
Malangizo ochokera kwa alenje odziwa zambiri:
- kuti mupewe mabala angapo, musamawombere patali popanda kudalira kugunda;
- osadumpha ndikubisalira nthawi isanakwane ndipo musawombere mfuti, kusokoneza kusaka;
- gwiritsani nyama zolowetsedwa popanda kunyezimira, kuwopseza masewera;
- osawombera mwachisawawa osawona pakati pa gulu - mayendedwe a beanie ndi mphezi mwachangu.
Atsekwe ophedwa sayenera kunyamulidwa pansi atangowombera. Potuluka m'nyumbayi, mbalame zimachoka. Pofuna kuteteza nyemba za nyemba, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo osaka osati kuwombera mbalame zoyambirira zomwe zinabwera kuchokera kumwera, popeza awa ndi anthu okhwima mwauzimu omwe akufuna kukhazikitsa malo obisalapo msanga. Pambuyo pake, nyama zazing'ono za chaka chatha zimafika.
