Ma Kingfisher ndi zolengedwa zamapiko zomwe zimayimira mtundu womwewo m'banja lalikulu la asodzi. Mbalamezi ndi zazing'ono, zazikulu pang'ono kuposa mpheta kapena nyenyezi. Akazi a fuko lino nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa amuna, pomwe mitundu ya chovalacho ndi zina sizimasiyana kwenikweni, zomwe zimawonedwa mumitundu yambiri yamabanja.
Amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala ndi mutu waudongo; milomo yawo ndi yopyapyala, yakuthwa, yotsekemera kumapeto kwake; mchira siutali, zomwe ndizosowa kwa abale okhala ndi mapiko. Koma nthenga zokongola, zokongola zimakongoletsa kwambiri mawonekedwe awo, ndikupangitsa kuti nyama zoterezi zisakumbukike ndikudziwika ndi oimira ena a mbalame.
Kuwala kwa mithunzi ya zovala zawo ndi zotsatira zake za nthenga. Chivundikiro chapamwamba cha thupi wamba kingfisher mtundu wabuluu wobiriwira, wonyezimira, wosangalatsa mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso modabwitsa kuphatikiza kwa mithunzi ya zojambulazo ndikuwonjezera madera okhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi mapiko okhala ndi zowunikira zochepa.
Chikondwerero chofananira chautoto chimapangidwa ndimasewera azowonekera zazowonekera zina. Ndipo mitundu ya lalanje ya m'mawere ndi pamimba imatulutsa zigawo zikuluzikulu za pigment yachilengedwe yomwe ili mu nthenga za mbalamezi.
Koma kusinthasintha kwa mitundu kingfisher chithunzi kufotokozedwa bwino kuposa mawu. Mitundu yotere pamasewera amitundu ndi mithunzi yake imapangitsa mbalameyi kukhala yofanana kwambiri ndi parrot, yomwe imadziwikanso chifukwa cha mitundu yambirimbiri yamaluwa. Koma oimira athupi lokhala ndi nthenga ali ofanana kwambiri ndi hoopoes.
Zowonadi, mitundu yowala yotere yomwe imapezeka mu nthenga za nankapakapa ndiyabwino kwambiri mbalame zam'madera otentha komanso madera ena ofanana ndi nyengo yabwino yotentha. Ndipo makamaka izi zikugwirizana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri pano, chifukwa nyama zamapiko zotere zimakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Asia ndi maiko aku Africa, zimapezeka ku Australia ndi ku New Guinea.
Komabe, mbalame yachilendo imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakopa chidwi cha anthu komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe. Amapezekanso ku Russia kumapiri akuluakulu a Siberia komanso ku Crimea. Mbalame yodabwitsa iyi imatha kuwona ku Ukraine, mwachitsanzo, ku Zaporozhye, komanso ku Belarus ndi Kazakhstan.
Mitundu
Akatswiri a mbalame amagawanika chifukwa cha mitundu ya mbalame zoterezi. Ena amaganiza kuti alipo 17, pomwe ena - omwe ndi ochepa. Ndipo olemba mabuku asayansi ofotokoza za mbalamezi nthawi zina amakhala ogawikana kwambiri pamalingaliro ndipo sanafikebe pamalingaliro amodzi.
Komabe, malinga ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri, isanu yomwe ikufotokozedwa pano.
- Buluu wamba kapena wamba. Nthumwi ya mbalame yotchedwa kingfisher yatchulidwa kale m'nkhaniyi pofotokoza za mbalamezi. Mitundu yofananira imapezeka kumpoto kwa Africa ndi zilumba zambiri za Pacific, komanso imapezeka ku Europe, ndipo ngakhale kumadera ake akumpoto, mwachitsanzo, imapezeka kufupi ndi St. Petersburg komanso kumwera kwa Scandinavia.
Mitundu yomwe yatchulidwayo imagawidwa m'mitundu 6. Pakati pa mamembala awo munthu amatha kuwona mbalame zotchedwa ma kingfisher zosamukasamuka komanso omwe amangokhala. Kingfisher mawu amadziwika ndi khutu ngati kulira kwamkati.
- Mfuti ya ming'alu. Mamembala amtundu wa kingfisher ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa oimira mitundu yomwe yangotchulidwa kumene. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalamezi kumafika masentimita 17. Ndipo amakhala makamaka ku kukula kwa kontinenti ya Asia kumadera ake otentha kumwera.
Chosiyana kwambiri ndi zolengedwa zamapikozi ndi mzere wa buluu womwe umakongoletsa mabere amphongo. Ali ndi mlomo wakuda, koma mu theka lachikazi amaonekera ndi kufiira kuchokera pansi.
Pamwamba pa nthenga za mbalame zotere ndi zakuda buluu, pomwe chifuwa ndi mimba zitha kukhala za lalanje kapena zoyera. Zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi zambiri, zimaphatikizanso ma subspecies awiri.
- Nansomba zazikulu zazikulu. Dzinalo lokha limalankhula za kukula kwa omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi. Imafikira masentimita 22. Kunja, mbalame zoterezi zimafanana m'njira zambiri ndi mbalame zotchedwa ma kingfisher wamba. Koma mbalamezi ndizokulirapo.
Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala ku Asia, makamaka - kumadera akumwera kwa China ndi Himalaya. Mlomo wa zolengedwa zamapiko izi ndi wakuda, nthenga za kumutu ndi mapiko zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wabuluu wamithunzi ina, mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndi yofiira, pakhosi ndiyoyera.
- Mbalame yotchedwa turquoise kingfisher imakhala m'nkhalango ya Africa. Pamwamba pachikuto cha nthenga chimadziwika ndi sikelo yabuluu, pansi pake pamakhala pabuka, pakhosi ndiyoyera. Koma, oimira mitunduyo alibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakuwonekera ndi utoto kuchokera kwa anzawo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagawidwa m'magulu awiri.
- Buluu wofiira wamtambo. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi subspecies yochuluka sikisi. Oyimira awo amakhala ku Asia. Mbali yapadera ya zolengedwa izi ndi utoto wabuluu m'mbali mwa khutu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalamezi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zosankha posankha malo okhala. Amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yoyenda mwachangu komanso madzi oyera oyera. Chisankhochi chimakhala chofunikira makamaka mukakhazikika m'malo otentha.
Kupatula apo, magawo ena amitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mwachangu ndimadzi oyenda samakonda kuphimbidwa ndi ayezi ngakhale nthawi yovuta kwambiri, pomwe kuli chisanu mozungulira komanso kuzizira kumalamulira. Apa, ma kingfisher ali ndi mwayi wopulumuka nthawi yozizira, popeza amakhala ndi malo okwanira kusaka ndi kudyetsa. Ndipo chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimaphatikizapo nsomba ndi nyama zina zam'madzi zapakatikati.
Koma ambiri mwa amphaka omwe adakhazikika m'malo otentha amakhala osamukasamuka. Ndipo nyengo yachisanu ikayamba, amasamukira kumadera okhala ndi zinthu zabwino, zomwe zili mdera lakumwera kwa Eurasia ndi North Africa.
Ma burrows amakhala ngati nyumba za ma kingfisher. Amakonda kubisala mbalame m'malo opanda phokoso, kutali ndi zizindikilo zachitukuko. Komabe, zolengedwa izi sizimakonda kwambiri madera, ngakhale obadwa nawo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti malo okhala mbalamezi ndi omwe adadzipatsa dzina.
Amakhala masiku awo panthaka, amabadwa ndipo amaswa anapiye am'badwo watsopano pamenepo, ndiye kuti ali ndi zikopa. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuti dzina ladzina lomwe adangotchulalo adapatsidwa kamodzi, pokhapokha ndi nthawi yomwe zidasokonekera.
Zachidziwikire, zonsezi ndizotheka kukayikira. Chifukwa chake, pali malingaliro ena: nchifukwa ninji kingfisher amatchedwa choncho... Mukatenga mbalame m'manja mwanu, mutha kumva kuzizira kwake, chifukwa imazungulira pafupipafupi posungira madzi ndipo ili pansi. Poganizira izi, ma kingfisher adabatizidwa iwo obadwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Palibe mafotokozedwe ena omwe apezeka pa izi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pomanga maenje, kapena m'malo mwakutaya clod lapansi, ma kingfisher ndi othandiza kwambiri ndi michira yawo yayifupi. Amasewera ngati mtundu wama bulldozers.
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwa sizikhala ndi adani. Nyama zazing'ono zokha ndizo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaukiridwa ndi mbalame zodya: makoko ndi mphamba. Alenje a miyendo iwiri nawonso alibe chidwi ndi mbalamezi.
Zowona, zimachitika kuti chovala chowoneka bwino cha mbalame zotere chimapangitsa okonda zachilendo m'maiko ena kufuna kupanga nyama zodzaza, kukongoletsa nyumba za anthu ndikugulitsa ngati zokumbutsa. Zoterezi ndizotchuka, mwachitsanzo, ku Germany. Amakhulupirira kuti mbalame yotoleza nsomba ingabweretse chuma ndi chuma m'nyumba ya mwini wake.
Komabe, Achifalansa ndi aku Italiya alibe nkhanza. Amakonda kusunga zithunzi za mbalamezi m'nyumba zawo, ndikuzitcha paradaiso.
Oimira nyama zamapikozi ali ndi adani ochepa, koma achifwamba padziko lapansi pano akucheperabe chaka ndi chaka. Amakakamizidwa ndi chitukuko cha anthu, zochitika zachuma za mtundu wa anthu, kusasamala kwake komanso kusafuna kusunga mawonekedwe achilengedwe owazungulira.
Ndipo mbalamezi, kuposa zina zambiri, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ukhondo wa malo ozungulira.
Zakudya zabwino
Kupeza chakudya chawo mbalambanda imasonyeza phompho la kuleza mtima. Akukasaka, amakakamizidwa kukhala pansi kwa maola angapo pa phesi la bango kapena nthambi ya tchire yokhotakhota pamtsinje, kufunafuna momwe nyama ingawonekere. "Fisher King" - ndi momwe mbalamezi zimatchulidwira m'maiko aku Britain. Ndipo ili ndi dzina lotchulidwira.
Maenje a zolengedwa zamapikozi ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi malo ofanana abale ena mapiko, akumeza ndi kusambira, ndi fungo la fetid lochokera mnyumba. N'zosadabwitsa kuti makolo a nankapakapa nthawi zambiri amalera ana awo pachakudya cha nsomba. Ndipo zotsalira zomwe zidadyedwa theka ndi mafupa a nsomba sizichotsedwa ndi aliyense, chifukwa chake zimavunda mopitilira muyeso ndikununkhira konyansa.
Zakudya za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Itha kukhala yoyipa kapena yopanda tanthauzo. Nthawi zambiri, amadya nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi zina zopanda mafupa. Achule, komanso agulugufe, tizilombo tina ndi mphutsi zawo zimatha kukhala chakudya chawo.
Kwa tsiku limodzi, kuti akhalebe okwanira, mbalame yam'madzi imayenera kugwira nsomba khumi ndi ziwiri kapena khumi ndi ziwiri. Nthawi zina mbalame zimagwira nyama yomwe ikufuna panthawi yomwe ikuuluka, ndikumira m'madzi. Pofuna kusaka, chida chapadera cha milomo yawo yakuthwa chimathandiza kwambiri kwa iwo.
Koma gawo lovuta kwambiri, komanso lowopsa pakusaka kwa mbalamezi sikuti ndikutsata nyamayo komanso osayiukira, koma kunyamuka ndikunyamuka pamwamba pamadzi ndi wovulalayo, makamaka ngati ndi yayikulu. Kupatula apo, zovala za nthenga izi sizikhala ndi mphamvu yobwezeretsa madzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimanyowa ndikupangitsa mbalameyo kulemera.
Chifukwa chake, zolengedwa zamapiko izi sizingadutse ndikupezeka m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwa njira, pali milandu yokwanira ngakhale yopha, makamaka pakati pa nyama zazing'ono, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo amafa motere.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Chisa cha nankapakapa makamaka amapezeka pagombe lamchenga, lotsetsereka kwambiri, lomwe mawonekedwe ake amakhala pamwamba pamadzi amtsinje. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko lapansi pano liyenera kukhala lofewa osakhala ndimiyala ndi mizu, chifukwa apo ayi mbalame zotere sizingakumbe maenje oyenera ana omwe akukula.
Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa njira yopita kukakhala anapiye kumakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka. Ndipo msewuwo ndi wowongoka molunjika, apo ayi dzenje siliwunikiridwa bwino kudzera pa bowo lolowera.
Maphunzirowa amatsogolera kuchipinda chogona. Ndipamene mayi wansokosi woyamba amaikira, kenako amafungatirana ndi abambo a mazira am'banja, omwe nthawi zambiri samapitilira zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu. Momwemo zimapitilira, mpaka anapiye aswedwa atabadwa, milungu itatu.
Wamphongo amadera nkhawa ana obadwa kumene. Ndipo bwenzi lake, makamaka nthawi yomweyo, amapita kukakonza dzenje lina, lopangidwira ana atsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, bambo wa banja amakakamizidwa kudyetsa ana okulirapo, komanso wamkazi, amene amafungatira ndikulera ana ang'onoang'ono.
Chifukwa chake, njira yobereketsa yamtundu wawo imapitilira kuthamanga kwambiri. Ndipo mchilimwe chimodzi, ma kingfisher amatha kuwonetsa dziko mpaka ana atatu.
Mwa njira, moyo wabanja wa mbalamezi ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri. Munthu wamkulu pano ndi wamwamuna. Udindo wake umaphatikizapo kusamalira ndi kupatsa thanzi amayi ndi ana. Nthawi yomweyo, machitidwe a mkazi mwiniyo, malinga ndi miyezo yaumunthu, atha kuonedwa kuti ndi achabechabe.
Ngakhale mbalame yamphongo imakumana ndi mavuto am'banja mpaka kutopa, bwenzi lake limatha kuchita zibwenzi ndi amuna omwe atsala opanda awiri, kuwasintha mwakufuna kwawo nthawi zambiri.
Mbalame mbalamezi ili ndi mbali yosangalatsa. Chizindikiro chotere chimakuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nyamayo: kwa omwe imapangidwira. Nsomba zomwe amadzipangira zokha nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamlomo ndi mutu wake wokha, ndipo chakudya chomwe chimagwiridwa kuti chikwaniritse chiberekero cha chachikazi ndi anapiye chimatembenuzira mutu wake kutali ndi icho.
Ana a ma kingfisher amakula msanga, motero mwezi umodzi pambuyo pobadwa, mbadwo watsopano umaphunzira kuuluka ndikusaka pawokha. Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri anthu okwatirana amapita nthawi yozizira padera, koma pobwerera kuchokera kumayiko ofunda amagwirizana kuti abereke ana atsopano ndi mnzake wakale.
Kingfishers amatha kukhala ndi moyo, ngati ngozi zakupha ndi matenda sizikusokoneza tsogolo lawo, kwa zaka pafupifupi 15.
