Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kites ndi mbalame zodya nyama lalikulu, banja la mphamba. Amafika kutalika kwa 0,5 m, mphamba wamkulu amalemera 1 kg. Mapikowo ndi opapatiza, koma otalika kwambiri - ndi chikhato mpaka 1.5 mita.
Mtundu wa nthenga ndizosiyanasiyana, makamaka nthenga zambiri zofiirira, zofiirira ndi zoyera zimakhalapo. Kaiti nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zikhasu zing'onozing'ono, ndi mlomo wawung'ono, wokhotakhota. Pofunafuna chakudya, amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga, akungoyenda pang'onopang'ono m'malo osaka.
Malo okhala mbalame zodyerazi amapezeka paliponse, komabe, kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka kites ndi kokhazikika. Monga madera amenewa, nthawi zambiri amasankha nkhalango zowirira, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Mitundu
1. Kaiti yakuda. Ndi wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi 50-60 cm, kulemera 800-1100 g, mapiko a 140-155 masentimita ndi mapiko kutalika kwa 41-51 cm.
Zinyumba njala yakuda kulikonse, kudalira malowa mbalame zitha kuyambitsa kungokhala komanso moyo wosamukasamuka.
Mverani mawu akayiti wakuda
Mitundu yazinyama zakuda:
- Kaiti yaku Europe, yomwe imakhala ku Europe (kumwera chakum'mawa chakum'mawa ndi chapakati), imakhala nyengo yozizira ku Africa. Mutu wake ndi wonyezimira.
- Nyemba zakuda, zimakhala ku Siberia, m'chigawo cha Amur.
- Kaiti yaying'ono yaku India yomwe imakhala kum'mawa kwa Pakistan, kumadera otentha a India, ndi ku Sri Lanka.
- Kite-tailed, yochokera ku Papua ndi Eastern Australia.
- Kaiti yaku Taiwan, imayendayenda ku Taiwan ndi Hainan.
Kujambula ndi kayi ya mphanda
Malo osakira mphamba wakuda ndi mapiri a nkhalango, minda, magombe amtsinje ndi nsapato. Sakonda kusaka m'nkhalango. Nsomba za kite zimadziwika kuti ndi polyphage.
Ngakhale chakudya chake chachikulu ndimatope, chimatha kusaka nsomba, mbewa zosiyanasiyana, ferrets, hamsters, hedgehogs, abuluzi, mbalame zing'onozing'ono (mpheta, thrush, finches, woodpeckers), ndi hares.
2. Kite ya Whistler... Kulikonse kumakhala madera a Australia, New Caledonia ndi New Guinea. Ndi mbalame yamapiri, imakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Mwambiri, amakhala moyo wabata, mkati mwa biocenosis yemweyo, koma nthawi zina amatha kusamukira kumadera akumpoto kwa kontrakitala nthawi yachilala.
Anamutcha dzina chifukwa chakhalidwe lake laphokoso kwambiri. Mbalameyi imayimba likhweru ikamauluka komanso ikakhala pachisa. Kulira kwa mphamba Mluzu umamveka ngati mluzu, wamunthu womwalira, wotsatiridwa ndi achidule ambiri, aliyense okwera kuposa wakale.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo nyama zonse zomwe angapeze: nsomba, tizilombo, zokwawa, amphibiya, nyama zakutchire, nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame. Sakananso zakufa, ndipo ku New Guinea kites, ndiye gawo la mkango wazakudya. A whistler amadya zovunda m'nyengo yozizira yokha.
3. Mpweya wa Brahmin. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, ndi Australia. Mumakhala madera otentha, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Amakhala mkati mwa biocenosis yomweyo, koma amatha kupanga maulendo apandege ogwirizana ndi nyengo yamvula. Maziko azakudya za mbalame ndizovunda, nsomba zakufa ndi nkhanu. Nthawi zina imasaka nyama, nsomba ndi kuba nyama zolusa zina.
4. Kiti yofiira... Kukula kwapakatikati (kutalika kwa thupi: 60-65 cm, chikhato: 175-195 cm). Pali mitundu iwiri ya subspecies. Malo okhala padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ku Scandinavia, Europe ndi mayiko a CIS kupita ku Africa, Canary Islands ndi Caucasus. Amakonda nyengo yotentha, nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana pafupi ndi zigwa ndi minda yaulimi.
Mverani mawu a mphamba yofiira
5. Kaiti ya mano awiri. Ili ndi dzina lake lenileni la mano awiri pamlomo. Ndi wamiyendo yofiira. Masayizi ndi ochepa, olemera kwambiri: magalamu 230. Poyamba, anali a banja la mphamba. Kukhazikika m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha, kuchokera kudera lakumwera kwa Mexico kupita ku Brazil. Imakhala kulikonse mosiyanasiyana.
6. Kaiti imvi. Amaweta ku Eastern Mexico, Peru, Argentina, pachilumba cha Ptiatsa, Trinidad. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera. Ndi wachibale wa mphamba ya Mississippi, komabe, imasiyana ndi mtundu wake wa nthenga za siliva wakuda, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mapikowo ndi mabokosi.
Kukhazikika m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango. Chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo tomwe timadzaza mumikanda ya mitengo komanso zokwawa zosiyanasiyana.
Mtsinje wa Mississippi lingalirani ngati subspecies. Amakhala mdera la South-Central ku United States, amasamukira kumayiko akumwera. Amakonda nyengo yotentha, afalikira.
7. Slug kite... Okhala kumadera aku South-Central ku America. Mbalameyi ndi ya sing'anga kukula, ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 36-48, mapiko otalika masentimita 100-120 ndi kulemera kwa 350-550 g. Chakudya chake chokha ndi nkhono zocheperako, chifukwa chake imakhazikika pafupi ndi madambo ndi malo osungira. Mothandizidwa ndi mlomo woonda, wopindika, chilombocho chimachotsa nkhonozo m'chigoba chake.
8. Katayiti wolimba. Amagawidwa ku Australia konse, koma osati anthu ambiri. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma mbalame zina zimauluka. Chakudya chake ndi nyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi mazira awo, zokwawa, nkhono ndi tizilombo.
9. Kaiti yamakutu akuda. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Australia. Amasankha malo otentha, nkhalango, malo owuma ndi zipululu ngati malo okhala. Ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Australia yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 50-60 cm, mapiko ophimba a 145-155 cm, ndikulemera mpaka 1300 g.
Nyama yake ndi zokwawa, nyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi zisa zawo. Khwangwala wamabele akuda amatha kudula mazira a mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimakaikira pansi ndi mwala.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Palibe amene angatsutse ngati mbalameyi imasamukira kwina. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zomwe zimadya nyama zawo zimasamukira m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa chabe, subspecies kapena anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, zimawulukira ku Africa ndi mayiko otentha a Asia, mitundu ina yaku Australia imasamukira mkati mwa kontrakitala.
Pakuthawa, ma kite amakhala m khamu lalikulu, zomwe ndizosowa kwa mbalame zodya nyama.
Kubwera kwa anthu oyamba kumalo opangira zisa kumadziwika koyambirira kwamasika, mu Marichi. Kudera la Dnieper m'munsi, zitha kuwoneka ngakhale masiku angapo m'mbuyomu.
Kunyamuka kumachitika makamaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndi koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Mitengo ya mphamba yakumpoto imafika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndipo imanyamuka koyambirira kugwa, pofika masiku 7-9.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti ma kites amayatsa nkhalango podziponyera pamoto, motero "amasuta" nyama kuchokera m'malo obisalamo
Ma Kites amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi madzi ambiri, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wosatsutsika pakusaka ndi kupulumuka. Sizovuta mbalame kuteteza malo osaka. Pofuna kuteteza nyumba zawo kuti anzawo asalowerere, ma kite amamangirira zinthu zonyezimira kuti awopseze.
Pofufuza, mbalamezi zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kuuluka m'mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Oyang'anira mbalame ambiri amatha kuzindikira mitundu ya mphamba mwa mitundu ina ya mlengalenga.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame sizimangokhalira kudya. Amadya pafupifupi chakudya chonse chochokera kuzinyama, osanyalanyaza ngakhale zotsalira ndi nyama zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera kuzinyama zina. Kuphatikiza apo, mumitundu ina, chimakhala gawo lalikulu lazakudya.
Ma Kiti amadya chilichonse chomwe angapeze: nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, zokwawa, amphibiya, nsomba, nkhanu. Kwa odya slug, chakudya chachikulu ndi nkhono zazikulu zokwanira.
Zaulimi zida bweretsani monga phindu, Kotero ndi kuvulaza, mbali imodzi, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa makoswe, komanso kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo, ndipo mbali inayo, kuwukira ziweto zazing'ono.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Maiti aakazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu komanso olemera kuposa amuna. Onse akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito nthambi za makulidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo thireyi yodzaza ndi udzu wouma, zitosi, nsalu, zidutswa za pepala, ubweya, ndi zinthu zina.
Chisa chikakonzedwa, mphamba wakuda amaukonzanso ndi nthambi ndikupanga maziko ena. Chisa chimodzi chimodzimodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka zaka 4-5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kusintha kukula nthawi yonseyi.
Nthawi zambiri mpheta zimakhala m'makoma a chisa. Zisa izi zimapezeka makamaka pamitengo mpaka 20 m pamwamba panthaka, nthawi zina kutalika kwa 10-11 m.Mitengo ya Nesting nthawi zambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi - thundu, alder, khungwa la birch.
M'madera a Dnieper, mphamba wakuda umayamba kuyikira mazira mu Epulo - Meyi. Nthawi yogona ndi chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa dzuwa pakuchulukitsa.
Kuika mazira a mphamba wakuda kumachitika kokha tsiku limodzi kutalika kwa maola 14.5 - 15. Kubzala kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 26-28 ndikuyamba ndi dzira loyamba. Clutch yonseyo ili pakati pa mazira awiri kapena anayi.
Ana ankhondo
Anapiye amaswa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni. Anapiye a mibadwo yosiyana amapezeka malo okhala ndi zisa. Akatswiri azinyama awona zakufa kwa aswedwa, chifukwa chakudya kwambiri cha anapiye achikulire, komanso chifukwa choti ndege zikauluka, makolo nthawi zambiri amasiya kusamalira ana awo.
Mwambiri, kupulumuka kwa anapiye akayidi m'nkhalango ya Samara pine (malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa AD Kolesnikov) ndi 59.5%. Imfa zawo zambiri zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zochita za anthu.
