Makina owerengera nsomba ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kusankha kwamitundu yonse, koma nthawi zina mayina ena amawoneka osadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, rasp - ndi nsomba yanji monga choncho? Amapezeka kuti, amadya chiyani ndipo ndiyofunika kuyesera?
Sikuti aliyense amasangalala ndi zachilendo zam'madzi, posankha zakale. Kapena mwina ndichabechabe: osachimvetsetsa, simudziwa kuti ndi chothandiza bwanji, ndipo osayesa, simungamvetse ngati chiri chokoma? Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone zambiri za nsomba iyi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Terpug ndi nsomba zolusa, ndi za dongosolo la zinkhanira. Amatchedwanso sea lenok kapena rasp. Monga nsomba zambiri zolusa, ili ndi thupi lochepa, lothamanga, lokutidwa ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono. Kutalika kwakanthawi ndi theka la mita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 1.5-2 kg. Koma m'malo ena mumakhalanso zitsanzo za mita imodzi ndi theka ya 60 kg iliyonse.
Mphero yam'mphepete imayenda kutalika kwake konse. Imakhala yolimba kapena yogawanika ndikudulidwa kwakukulu m'magawo awiri, zimatengera mitundu. Nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati zipsepse ziwiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyananso ndi mizere yotsatira - kuyambira 1 mpaka 5.
Mzere wotsatira ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la nsomba ndi zina zamoyo, zomwe zimawona kugwedezeka kwachilengedwe ndikuyenda kwina. Chimawoneka ngati chidutswa chochepa thupi mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi kuyambira pamiyala mpaka kumchira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana mlengalenga komanso posaka.
Terpuga nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyanja zam'madzi kapena nsomba zaku Japan
Nsomba za nsomba pachithunzichi zikuwoneka ngati nsomba yayikulu kwambiri. Wokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima, wokhala ndi zipsepse zokongola, milomo yayikulu ndi maso otupa. Nthawi zina amatchedwa rasp perch.
Ndipo amuna ena amakhalanso ndi mawanga owoneka bwino. Anthu ambiri amayamikira chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso nyama yamafuta. Chifukwa chake, rasp ndiyosangalatsa pakuwedza kwa mafakitale, komanso ngati mpikisano wamasewera, komanso kwa iwo omwe amakonda kuwedza.
Mitundu
Pakadali pano, banja la raspberries limaphatikizapo mabanja atatu, okhala ndi mitundu itatu ndi mitundu 9.
- Masamba obiriwira - amatchedwanso mtundu yekhayo m'banja lino, momwe muli mitundu isanu ndi umodzi. Chomaliza kumbuyo chimadulidwa pafupifupi pakati. Mchira ndi wotambalala, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofupikirapo kapena ozungulira m'mphepete. Mitundu yonse kupatula imodzi ili ndi mizere 5 yotsatira.
- Mzere umodzi wa rasp... Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 30 cm, thupi lofanana ndi torpedo, lathyathyathya pambali. Amasiyana ndi abale ena mwa kupezeka kwa mzere umodzi wotsatira (chifukwa chake dzinalo). Mtunduwo ndi wachikasu-wachikaso.
Mdima wakuda, malo osagawanika amabalalika bwino thupi lonse. Zipsepse za pectoral ndizazitali, zozungulira m'mphepete mwake. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto kwa China, Korea ndi zilumba zaku Japan. Amakonda madzi ofunda, ku Russia amapezeka ku Gulf of Peter the Great.
- Msuzi waku America... Kutalika pafupifupi 60 cm, mpaka 2 kg. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, m'mbuyomu amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu. Caramel ku mtundu wa khofi.
Mwa anyamata, thupi lonse limakongoletsedwa ndi malo amtambo wabuluu kapena abuluu osasunthika ndi malire amadontho ofiira, mwa atsikana - opanda mawanga, utoto ndi wopaka, koma wokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono tating'ono. Amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa chakum'mawa kwa North America, pafupi ndi zilumba za Aleutian ndi Gulf of Alaska.
- Greenleaf wofiira kapena Wofiira... Thupi lalikulu, mpaka 60 cm kutalika, mutu wawukulu ndi maso a ruby. Amuna akulu ndi ofiira ofiira-chitumbuwa, koma mimba yokha ndi imvi. Thupi lonse limakhala ndi utoto wopanda pinki kapena mawanga abuluu.
Zipsepse zonse zimawonanso. Akazi ndi ana ndi bulauni wobiriwira. Nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala yamabuluu pang'ono. Pali mitundu iwiri - Asia ndi America. Yoyamba imapezeka pafupi ndi chilumba cha Hokkaido ku Japan, pafupi ndi Kuriles, pafupi ndi zilumba za Commander, pafupi ndi Kamchatka, komanso kuzilumba za Aleutian.
Lachiwiri likuzungulira gombe la North America, kuchokera ku Alaska Peninsula kupita ku California.
- Msuzi wobiriwira... Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30-35, ndipo pafupi ndi chilumba cha Kamchatka - mpaka masentimita 42. Mtunduwo umakhala wabulawuni wobiriwira, nthawi zina kufupi ndi bulauni. Thupi lakumunsi ndilopepuka. Pamasaya pali mawanga amtundu wamtambo, pamapiko azithunzithunzi pali malasha ozungulira.
Mikwingwirima yaying'ono yakuda imachokera pa diso lililonse mpaka mbali. Nyama ndi yobiriwira. Ku Russia, imagwidwa m'nyanja za Bering ndi Okhotsk, imakhalanso ku Nyanja ya Japan komanso mbali ina kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa America. M'dzinja limafuna kuya, nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe imabwerera kufupi ndi gombe.
- Msuzi waku Japan... Kukula kwake ndi masentimita 30-50. Amagwidwa ku Japan, gombe lakumpoto kwa China ndi Korea. Mtundu - chokoleti cha mkaka, chosagwirizana, ndi mikwingwirima ndi mabanga. Mchira umadulidwa molunjika, osazungulira. Nsomba zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'nyanja.
- Zowonongeka... Kukula kwake kumakhala mpaka 50 cm, mchirawo umadulidwa molunjika kapena uli ndi mphako wowonekera pang'ono. Mtunduwo ndi wachikasu-bulauni, wokhala ndi mawanga angapo owala. Mimba ndiyoyera mkaka, pansi pake pamakhala papinki.
Zipsepse zonse zili ndi mawanga, mabanga kapena mikwingwirima. Amagwidwa kuchokera ku Hokkaido kupita ku Chukotka, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku North America - kuchokera ku Bering Strait pafupifupi mpaka pakati pa California.
- Ma masamba obiriwira - mtundu umodzi wokhala ndi mitundu 1, makamaka, ndipo adapatsa dzinali banja lonse. Amadziwika kuti ndi woimira wamkulu pabanja, amakula mpaka 1.5 mita ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 60 kg. Mtunduwo ndi wobiliwira, wobiriwira, ndi wotuwa pang'ono, kutengera malo okhala.
Thupi lonse ndi lodzaza ndi timadontho komanso mawanga ofiira ofiira, khofi kapena bulauni. Chimphona chimapezeka kokha kumpoto chakum'mawa chakum'mawa kwa America, kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku Baja California. Kuzama kwa malo kumakhala pakati pa 3 mpaka 400 m.Mu nsomba zazing'ono, nyama imakhala yobiriwira, ndipo mwa akulu, ndi yoyera. Chiwindi chimakhala ndi mavitamini A ndi D ambiri, pomwe nyama imakhala ndi insulin yambiri.
Greenling wachinyamata alidi ndi nyama yabuluu
- Rasp imodzi yokhala ndi chovala chimodzi - mtundu umodzi wokhala ndi mitundu iwiri.
- Kumwera kotsekedwa kum'mwera... Amapezeka kokha kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera lamadzi a Pacific - mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Japan, kumwera kwa Kuriles komanso kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Kutalika mpaka 62 cm, kulemera pafupifupi 1.5-1.6 kg. Achinyamata ali ndi mtundu wabuluu wobiriwira, ndipo akulu amakhala ndi bulauni ndi mawanga abulauni. Mphepete yam'mbuyo ndi yolimba. Mchira ndi fork.
- Kumpoto kotsekedwa kamodzi... Amagwidwa pafupi ndi zilumba zakumwera za Kuril, Kamchatka ndi Anadyr. Kuchokera kugombe la America, njirayi ndiyofanana ndi mitundu yambiri yam'mbuyomu - kuchokera ku California kupita ku Alaska. Kutalika - 55 cm, kulemera kwake mpaka 2 kg.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Wokhala pansi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, rasp imapezeka m'nkhalango za algae, pakati pa miyala yoyenda ndi miyala. Kuzama kwake kumakhala kutengera malo, nthaka, zomera komanso kutentha kwamadzi. Itha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera 1 mpaka 46 m, ndi mitundu ina mpaka 400 m.
Nthawi zambiri achinyamata amakhala pagulu ndikusambira mwachangu kumtunda (pelagic) kwamadzi. Ndipo achikulire, otsogola ndi chidziwitso, nsomba zimangokhala pansi, m'nyengo yokha zimasamukira. Malo okhala kwambiri ndi Pacific kumpoto.
Terpug ndi nyama yolusa, amakhala ndi kusaka, amadya makamaka chakudya chama protein - crustaceans, nyongolotsi ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndikumasuntha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mitundu ina ya greenling imakhala ndi chiphe chakupha
Zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza pagombe, ndiye kuti muzigwire muyenera kupita kunyanja. Usodzi pamalonda umachitika ndi ma trawls ndi seines. Anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amasodza m'ngalawa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo ndi zikwapu. Nsomba zam'nyanja, ozolowera kutsegula malo ndi kuya, mosiyana ndi okhala mumtsinje, osachita manyazi.
Imagwidwa osati pamitanda yokha, komanso pachikopa chonyezimira. Kuti mukulitse mwayi woluma, muyenera kutsitsa ndodozo osati mozungulira, koma ponyani mbali mita 20. M'nyengo yobereka, usodzi uliwonse umaletsedwa m'malo onse.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma raspberries ambiri amafika pokhwima pakadutsa zaka 2-3, ndipo ena (mwachitsanzo, amalipira ngongole imodzi) - zaka 4-5. Nthawi yopuma imadalira dera. Mwinamwake December-February, monga American Greenling waku America, kapena mwina Seputembala (ku Peter the Great Bay). Ndipo ku Tuya Bay (mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk) kubereka kumayambira ngakhale koyambirira - mu Julayi-Ogasiti. Pobzala, nsomba zimayandikira kugombe, pomwe kuya kwake kuli pafupifupi 3 m.
Amuna amayamba kusamuka posachedwa, amasankha gawo, lomwe amalisunga. Kusamba kumachitika pang'ono pang'ono, panthaka yolimba kwambiri kapena pazomera zam'madzi, mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina mu "chipatala china" mumakhala mazira ochokera kwa akazi angapo.
Mazirawo ali ndi mtundu wabuluu-violet, m'malo opepuka, m'malo pafupifupi ofiira, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kwa 2.2 mpaka 2.25 mm. Amangirizidwa pamodzi, ndipo onse pamodzi amangirizidwa pansi. Clutch imodzi imakhala ndi mazira 1000 mpaka 10000. Mulingo wonsewo uli pafupi kukula kwa mpira wa tenisi.
Madontho a mafuta a Amber amawoneka pakati pa mazira. Kukula kumatha milungu 4-5, mpaka mphutsi zituluka dzira. Ndiye mwachangu mumatulutsa. Kwa chaka chimodzi, amakhala kumtunda kwa nyanja, ndipo amanyamulidwa mtunda wautali ndi mphepo yamkuntho.
Mphutsi ndi nsomba zazing'ono zimadzaza ndi zooplankton. Zaka zolembedweratu za greenling yemwe wamaliza ndi zaka 12, ndipo ku American greenling ndi zaka 18. Ndipo akazi azitsamba wobiriwira amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 25.
Zosangalatsa
- M'nyengo yobereka, amuna ena amakhala okalipa kwambiri mwakuti amatha kulimbana ndi zosambira.
- Pambuyo pobereka, zazikazi zimachoka, ndipo amunawo, atakhala ndi mazirawo, amakhalabe akuyang'anira. Nthawi zina wamphongo wamamuna amayang'anira zingapo zingapo. Kupanda kutero, caviar imadyedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi nyama zolusa.
- Nsomba za Scorpion zili ndi khalidwe losasangalatsa. Amakhala ndi minyewa yakuthwa kumapeto kwake, m'munsi mwake mumakhala zilonda zakupha. Mukabaya, zomvekera zimakhala zopweteka kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma rasp amasiyana ndi abale ena m'njira yogwira ntchito, safuna chitetezo choterocho. Chifukwa chake, mutha kunyamula bwinobwino.
- Pafupifupi zaka 7 zapitazo, nkhani idasindikizidwa yokhudza mphesa ya Ladoga ndi Volkhovskaya. Atapita kumsika, wolemba adadabwa kuwona nzika zakum'mawa kwa Asia zikugulitsidwa mwatsopano. Wina anali ndi lingaliro loti nsomba zamtsinje wobiriwira, ndipo anagwidwa pomwe pano m'madzi oyera a nyanjayo. Komabe, posakhalitsa kugwedeza dzanzi lake, wolemba adakumbukira kuti greenling ndi nyama yolusa, ndipo adagawana nawo malingaliro onyenga.
Kodi chophika ndi chiyani?
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba za rasp sangakhale osakwanira osatchula maubwino ndi mbale zomwe zakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo. Nyama ya nsomba ndi yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mapuloteni osungunuka mosavuta, omega acid osakwaniritsidwa, mavitamini A, C, PP, B, zofufuza, chitsulo, ayodini, selenium, phosphorus, bromine ndi zina zambiri.
Zonsezi zimalimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, zimathandiza kuteteza mtima, mitsempha, chithokomiro, chiwindi, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito am'mutu. Ubwino wa nsomba zobiriwira osatsutsika. Komanso, ngakhale mafuta, nyama ilibe mafuta ochepa.
Contraindications monga tsankho munthu komanso pamaso pa matenda aakulu chapamimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kutengedwa mosamala ndi odwala matendawa komanso amayi apakati. Koma gulu ili la anthu liyenera kusamala posankha chakudya chilichonse.
Nsomba zamchere zimathiriridwa mchere, kuzifutsa, kusuta, kuziwetsa, kuziphika, kuziphika ndi kuzilemba. Njira zophika zothandiza kwambiri ndikuwotcha kapena kuphika. Zisanachitike, nsomba zimakulungidwa kuti zilawe ndi masamba, zitsamba, chimanga, mandimu, zonunkhira.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona wobiriwira akugulitsira m'sitolo
Msuzi wogwiririra ulinso wokoma kwambiri, wokhutiritsa komanso wathanzi. Koma, mwina, nsomba zimawulula mawonekedwe ake abwino mukasuta. Wosakhwima, wofewa, wowuma pang'ono nyama wokhala ndi mafupa ochepa - paradaiso wamtengo wapatali. Mutha kupanga saladi ndi udzu wobiriwira wosuta, mazira, mbatata yophika, ndi nkhaka zouma.
Nsomba za Terpug zokomazomwe zitha kuyamikiridwa kuchokera pazosankha m'malo odyera okwera mtengo. Nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi zakudya zina zabwino kwambiri. Kunyumba, mu skillet, amawotchera mafuta okwanira pamtentha kwambiri mpaka awunikira mbali zonse.
Kenako amachepetsa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mphindi 15. Musanaphike, ndibwino kuti muziupereka mu ufa ndi zonunkhira kapena mu mikate ya mkate. Polemba kuti: Vinyo woyera wosakhwima wopanda fungo lamphamvu angakhale oyenera ku nsomba iyi.
