Wabwino akalulu ndi zimphona kwazaka mazana angapo amakhala pafupi ndi munthu, akumamupatsa nyama yofewa ndi khungu labwino kwambiri. Poyamba inali mtundu umodzi, kenako idakula ndikukhala gulu la mitundu ingapo ya nyama.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mbiri ya zimphona zazitali-zowuluka zinayamba m'zaka za zana la 16, kudera la East Flanders. Mulingo wamtunduwu udasindikizidwa mu 1893.
Kalulu amabala imvi yayikulu
Poyamba, kalulu wochokera ku Flanders analibe chidwi kwenikweni ndi oweta akalulu aku Europe. Kukula kwakalulu kunayamba, komwe kudafika pachimake nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha.
Zimphona, zopangidwa ku Belgium, zasanduka mtundu wofunidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, Flemings wangwiro adakhala makolo a nyama zina ndi mitundu yonse.
Mpaka pano, zimphona za Flemish zimasungidwa kwambiri m'maiko aku Central ndi Northern Europe. Zimphona zimafuna chakudya chochulukirapo, koma mtengo wake umakwanitsidwa ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa ziweto.
Ku Russia, mbiri yakuswana kwa kalulu idabwerera zaka 9. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1920, kuswana kwa kalulu ku USSR kudayamba kukhala ndi mafakitale.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, a kalulu imvi chimphona... Chinchilla wobadwira ku Union ndi chimphona chotuwa ndizopambana za oweta zoweta, omwe akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi alimi aku Russia ndi aku Europe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu
Flanders ndiye muyezo wa mtunduwo. Nthawi zina amafanizidwa ndi mandolin.
Kalulu chimphona flandre
Mutu waukulu udavala korona wamakutu ataliatali, omwe amakhala mozungulira. Makutu apadera ndi thupi lalikulu ndi khadi loyimbira mtunduwo.
Kulemera kwake kwa chimphona chimadutsa makilogalamu 20 wokhala ndi thupi lokwana mamita 1.3. Obereketsa awonjezera kwambiri mndandanda wa mitundu yomwe chophimba cha nyama chitha kujambulidwa.
Mulingo waku American Rabbit Breed Association (ARBA) umazindikira mitundu 7 yamtunduwu: wakuda, chitsulo, imvi yopepuka, buluu, fawn, mchenga ndi zoyera. Nthawi zambiri chimphona cha kalulu pachithunzichi Ndi chimphona chazitsulo.
Zizindikiro zamtundu wamtundu
Pofufuza kuyenera kwa nyama, akatswiri amatchula mtundu wa mtundu, womwe umakhala ndi coefficients. Kwa chimphona chamakontinenti, mndandanda wama coefficients ukuwoneka motere:
- Kapangidwe ka thupi, kuchuluka kwake, mtundu: 20.
- Makhalidwe olemera: 10.
- Mutu ndi khutu mawonekedwe: 20.
- Chophimba pamwamba: 25.
- Makina ofananira ndi mitundu yakubala: 20.
- Zinthu zambiri: 5.
Mulingowo umalongosola mwachidule zomwe magawo amafunikira a mtunduwo.
- Kapangidwe ka thupi. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu.
- Kulemera kwake. Nyama yayikulu imayenera kulemera pafupifupi 7 kg.
- Mutu ndi makutu. Kutalika kwa khutu kumakhala pafupifupi 25% ya thupi lonse, koma osachepera 16 cm.
- Phimbani. Chovalacho chimakhala chochuluka, chothinana, chosavuta kukhudza.
- Mtundu wa ubweya. Zimphona zakumayiko zidagawika zoyera komanso zamitundu.
- Zinthu zonse. Khalidwe la nyama, chivundikirocho sichiyenera kubweretsa kukayikira zaumoyo wake.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi ziphona.
- Chimphona cha ku Belgium — Kalulu kholo. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Flanders", "chimphona cha Flemish".
Chifukwa chofatsa, kalulu adatchedwa "chimphona chofatsa". Flandre amapatsa anthu nyama ndi khungu, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa "kalulu wapadziko lonse lapansi". Kulemera kwake kwa nyama ndi 22 kg, pafupifupi 7 kg.
Chiphona cha ku Kalulu
- Kalulu chimphona choyera... M'zaka za m'ma 1920, akalulu oyera anabwera ku USSR.
Akatswiri opanga zoo zapakhomo adayamba kukonza mtunduwo. Pambuyo pake, pamaziko a zimphona zoyera, Soviet chinchilla ndi mitundu ina idabadwa.
Kalulu chimphona choyera
- Imphona yakuda... Pa minda yosauka, mosamala, akalulu amadya mpaka 7 kg.
- Chiphona chaku Britain - mtundu wodziwika pang'ono kunja kwa England. Zimphona zaku Britain zidatulutsidwa mwa iwo.
- Chiphona chaku Spain - mtundu womwe ukuopsezedwa kuti udzatha. Inapezedwa chifukwa chakusakanizidwa kwa chimphona choyera ndi mitundu yaku Aboriginal aku Spain.
- Chiphona chaku Germany... Imatha kulemera makilogalamu 12.
- Chiphona cha ku Hungary kapena agouti wa ku Hungary. Chimphona cha ku Hungary chikuchotseredwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mitundu ya akalulu amakono, obala zipatso kwambiri.
- Chimphona chamayiko... Zimphona zaku Germany zomwe zidabweretsa ku England kuchokera kwa oweta akalulu am'deralo adalandira dzina loti "Continental".
Chisokonezo chimapitilirabe pamalingaliro. Olima akalulu ena amaganiza kuti chimphona choterechi ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha, ena amawona dzinali ngati tanthauzo la chimphona chaku Germany, ndipo enanso, pansi pa dzina loti "kontinenti", amatanthauza akalulu onse aku Europe.
Kalulu wamphongo wamphongo
- Ram - mtundu wowetedwa ndi oweta akalulu achingerezi mzaka za 19th. Kulemera kwapakati kwa nkhosa zamphongo zaku Germany ndi France ndi 9 kg.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtunduwo
Kupeza zabwino ndi zoipa za mitundu ya akalulu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana, choyambirira, pamalangizo a mtunduwo. Izi zili ndi maubwino ake.
- Zimphona za kalulu - gwero la nyama ndi zikopa. Zida zonsezi ndizabwino.
- Kuchuluka kumawonjezeredwa pamkhalidwe - pali nyama yambiri, khungu ndi lalikulu.
- Kubereketsa nyama kuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Amuna si aulesi, amatenga nawo mbali pakubala.
- Zimphona ndi makolo osamala. Akazi samasiya ana, amadyetsa bwino ana.
Kalulu wa Riesen kukula kwa galu
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zimphona zilibe zovuta. Koma ngati mukufuna, mikhalidwe yolakwika imaphatikizapo:
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa nyama kumafuna osayenera akulu.
- Akalulu akuluakulu amadya kwambiri. Koma zokumana nazo zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya pachinthu cholemera chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ina.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Khola ndiye nyumba yayikulu ya akalulu. Makulidwe a kalulu wamkulu onetsani khola la miyeso yolingana: 1.8m kumapeto, 1 mita kuya, 0.7 m kutalika. Kwa akalulu osakwatiwa, khola zazing'ono zimamangidwa: 1-1.2 m mulifupi, 0.75 m kuya, 0.45-0.6 m kutalika.
Ziserazo zimayikidwa m'khola, pansi pa 2 kapena m khola (pansi pa denga). Kuphatikiza pa radiation ya ultraviolet, akalulu ayenera kutetezedwa kuzipangizo. Zimphona zimakonda kwambiri chinyezi komanso kamphepo kayeziyezi.
Khola lalikulu
Zimphona zimakhala akalulu atangokhala. Pofuna kupewa kupindika kwa minofu, ndibwino kuti muwatulutse m'khola kwa mphindi zingapo tsiku lililonse, kuwakakamiza kuti asunthe pang'ono.
Mapangidwe a khola m'minda yayikulu ya akalulu ndi minda yaying'ono yaulimi ndi ofanana. Dongosolo la katemera limaphatikizapo katemera wolimbana ndi chiwewe, myxomatosis, kuchepa kwa magazi kwa akalulu ndi zina zambiri.
Ogulitsa akatswiri amatsatira ndondomeko ya katemera. Pambuyo pake, maselowo amatsukidwa ndikuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nyama zatsopano zimagulidwa, ziweto zimabwezeretsedwa mwachangu.
Zakudya zabwino
Kuyambira koyambirira kwamasika, masamba amadyera achichepere amalowetsedwa muzakudya za nyama. Kuphatikiza pa udzu, nthambi za birch, aspen, ndi ma conifers zakonzedwa m'nyengo yozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimatafuna chakudya chonse chokonzedwa mchilimwe. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso zinthu zomwe kalulu amakonda:
- udzu wouma chilimwe, m'nyengo yozizira - udzu, chakudya cha nthambi;
- chakudya chamagulu;
- zosakaniza monga chimanga ndi nyemba;
- mchere zosakaniza;
- phala (chisakanizo cha masamba odulidwa).
Malamulo odyetsa ndiosavuta. Zimphona zimapatsidwa chakudya chochulukirapo, zosakaniza zomanga thupi zimalimbikitsidwa pazakudya zawo, ndiye kuti, amapatsidwa nyemba zambiri.
Mwambiri, akalulu samasankha, amakhala okhutira ndi chakudya chokhwima. Akalulu akamakula, gawo la akazi limakula.
Osamwetsa chiweto mopitirira muyeso. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso moyo wosasunthika kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zambiri.
Nyama zazing'ono zikafika miyezi 3-4, nthawi yofunika kwambiri m'moyo wawo imabwera. Chifukwa chake, akalulu azaka 4 zakubadwa, kwakukulu, amaloledwa kugulitsidwa kapena kuphedwa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Zimphona zamitundu yonse amadziwika kuti ndi makolo osamala komanso achonde. Kuswana akalulu akuluakulu sivuta. Amuna azaka zopitilira 6-7 miyezi ndipo azimayi azaka zisanu ndi chimodzi amaloledwa kukwatira.
Kuti mupeze ana abwinoko a zimphona za Flemish, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisathamangire kukakwatirana koyamba. Osati msinkhu wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu, lolani bambo kuti amufikire.
Poyembekezera kutuluka kwa ana, akazi amamanga chisa pasadakhale. Zimachitika kuti akazi amabala ana 15 kapena kupitilira apo.
Bunny ndi achikulire achikulire
Kupulumuka kwa makanda kumafikira 90%. Pakatha milungu iwiri, olimba mtima kwambiri amasiya chisa kwakanthawi.
Kulemera kwa kalulu wakhanda sikungopitirira 90 g. Kukula kwakulu kumafikira miyezi 8.
Moyo wa kalulu chimphona sutalika kwambiri. Mwa nyama, pali ziwindi zazitali, zomwe malirewo amapezeka zaka 6-8.
Mtengo
Kugawidwa kwa nyama kumathandizira kugulitsa kwa akalulu amoyo. Avereji mtengo wa kalulu wamkulu pogula chidutswa ndi ruble 400. Mitengo yamitengo ndiyokwanira - kuyambira ma ruble 300 mpaka 1000.
Mtengo wa mitembo ya kalulu umadalira pang'ono pa mtundu womwe unaphedwa ngati nyama. Mwa mitundu yonse, zimphona zokha ndizomwe zimatha kudziwika ndi nyama, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu.
Ndemanga
Dera la Moscow, P., wopuma pantchito
Wopuma pantchito. Ndicho chimphona!
Gawo la Perm, der. Sukhoi Log, Prigozhina L.I., woweta kalulu wodziwa zambiri
Takhala tikusunga akalulu moyo wathu wonse. Pali nyama yokwanira kwa ife, okalamba, ndi ana okhala ndi zidzukulu.
Dera la Novgorod, der. I., mayi wapabanja
Atayamba zimphona zotuwa adaopa zinthu ziwiri. Ndine wokondwa ndi zimphona!
