Zinyama zosiyanasiyana, mchere wambiri komanso malo okongola modabwitsa - ili ndi gawo la Perm. Gawo lake lalikulu lili ku Europe. Malire a m'dera lino ali ndi kumulowetsa, aliyense ali ndi makilomita zikwi zambiri.
Kuposa 60% yamderalo ndi nkhalango. Mitengo yapadera ndi Nyama za m'dera la Perm amaonedwa kuti ndi chuma cha Russia. Gawo lalikulu la nkhalango pano ndi la coniferous, koma palinso malo a fir ndi pine.
Okonda zachilengedwe ndi chuma chake apezadi chochita ku Perm. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu zazitali zazitali, mutha kusilira maluwa ndi mabulosi. Kumera m'derali:
- Mabulosi abulu;
- Mabulosi akutchire;
- Chingwe;
- Black currant;
- Rowan;
- Blueberries, ndi zina zotero.
Komanso, dera la Ural ndilopadera chifukwa chokhala ndi chromite. Kuphatikiza pa miyala yachitsulo, mutha kupeza golide, mkuwa ndi chitsulo. Koma, choyambirira, Perm imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha ma diamondi ake.
Mitundu ya moyo ndiyosiyanasiyana pano. Komabe, chifukwa cha chidwi cha anthu pazambiri zanyama, ena mitundu ya nyama m'dera la Perm analowa mu Red Book. Tidzakambirana za iwo poyamba.
Nyama zowopsa za Permian
Kukula kwa gawo lino mutha kupeza nyama zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, nsomba, tizilombo ndi mbalame. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chiyambi wapadera ndi makhalidwe enieni. Ena nyama za buku lofiira la dera la perm sipatsala osapitirira 100. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ali pa chiwonongeko.
Hares
Pali mitundu iwiri ya hares mderali: kalulu woyera ndi kalulu. Tiyeni tiganizire mtundu uliwonse padera:
1. Kalulu woyera. Zimakhala zofala kwambiri. Nyama yotere imakhala makamaka pamalo otseguka m'nkhalango ya coniferous ndi pine. Malo ake okhala ndi shrub yayitali. Kalulu woyera amatha kupezeka m'mbali mwa mtsinje, komwe amapita kukamwa madzi. Chaka chilichonse, m'dera la Perm, osaka nyama mozembera amapha nyama zoposa 10 zikwi.
2. Rusak. Ndipo kalulu uyu, mosiyana ndi mnzake woyera, samakhala m'nkhalango, koma m'chigawochi. Iye amakopeka ndi chilolezo ndi madambo. Pakatikati mwa dera, kalulu samawonedwa kawirikawiri.
Wolemba wachi Russia
Nyama iyi ndi mole. Amadyetsa tizilombo. Kuderalo, munthu waku Russia amatha kupezeka m'mapiri amitsinje yaying'ono. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa oimira ang'onoang'ono a zinyama za Permian, zomwe zili pamtunda wa kutha. Imatchulidwa mu Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Redfoot (wazitsamba)
Iyi ndi mbalame yomwe imapezeka m'boma la Kishert m'chigawo cha Perm. Kukula kwake, ndi wotsika pang'ono kuposa njiwa. Pafupifupi kulemera kwa mankhwala azitsamba ndi magalamu 150. Cholengedwa choterocho chidzakopa aliyense ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ali ndi thupi lokhazikika, lapakati komanso mulomo wakuda lalanje. Miyendo ya mbalame yazitsamba ndi yachikasu mopepuka, yayitali. Chifuwa chimakhala chofiirira.
Malo okhala redfoot amakhala makamaka m'madzi. Amapezeka kunyanja kapena mumtsinje, kangapo m'madambo. Amadya:
- Nyongolotsi;
- Nkhono;
- Nkhanu;
- Udzudzu;
- Nkhono.
Mbalame yotereyi ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimadalira kwambiri. Amakhala ndi moyo zaka 18.
Tenkovka
Chiffchaff warbler amakhala kumpoto kwa dera la Perm. Kukula kwake ndikochepa. Nthenga za mbalamezi ndizochepa, mapiko ake ndi ochepa. Amuna achiffchaff amatalika masentimita angapo kuposa akazi, kukula kwake ndi 12 cm.
Nthenga zokhala ndiimvi za nthumwi za nyama zili ndi kupatulira kwa azitona. Ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa - ingoyang'anirani kutsogolo kwa thupi. Mzere woyera woyera wagona pakati pa maso a chiffchaff.
Chapafupi ndi nyengo yachisanu, nthenga za azitona za mbalameyo zimasowa. Zimakhala zosasangalatsa komanso zosalemba. Otsutsa a Chiffchaff ku India kapena Africa. Koma asanawuluke kupita ku "malo ofunda", amathira pansi kwambiri. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa chiffchaff chiffchaff kumachepa pachaka ndi anthu 100.
Nkhono yotulutsa peregine
Pafupifupi onse nyama zachigawo cha Perm pachithunzichi zikuwoneka zokongola, falgrine falcon sichimodzimodzi. Aliyense amadziwa mbalameyi ngati yofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mu mphindi imodzi, imawuluka pafupifupi mita 100, ndipo nthawi yayitali ola lake ndiyoposa mamita 3000. Sichingalephereke kuchititsa chidwi!
Peregrine Falcon ndi amodzi mwa nyama zakutchire za dera la Perm... Kuti agwire nyama, nyamayi nthawi zambiri imabisalira, kuti, isanachitike, imatha kuthamanga ndikupha nyamayo mofulumira. Imamira pansi, makamaka pamakona oyenera. Kabawi wa peregrine akamugwira wovulalayo, amamukanikiza mwamphamvu ndi thupi lake ndi zikhadabo zake zazitali.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu pakawombedwe ka nkhandwe kamathera pakumudula mutu kwa wozunzidwayo. Amakhomera khosi mwamphamvu mwamphamvu kuti mnofu ungang'ambike m'malo ano. Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama yolusazi ndi nyama zazing'ono komanso mbalame zazing'ono.
Ngati, pasanathe ola limodzi, nkhwali ya peregrine sanathe kupeza china chodyedwa, amasaka nkhono. Mwakuwoneka kwake, ndikosavuta kuzindikira khungu la peregrine - thupi lake limayenda pang'ono, mtundu wa nthengawo ndi wotuwa, ndipo maso ake ndi akulu komanso akuda. Izi si mitundu yonse yomwe imathera m'dera la Perm. Mndandandawo ungawonjezeredwe ndi: adyo, mutu wamkuwa, beluga, Volga hering'i, gudgeon, ndi zina zambiri.
Zinyama wamba m'dera la Perm
Nyama zakomweko ndizosiyanasiyana. Mu Perm mumapezeka nsomba zazikulu, zinyama, mbalame, tizilombo ndi mitundu ina ya nyama. Tidzakambirana za iwo tsopano.
Mbewa
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pali mitundu 4 ya mbewa m'dera lino:
1. Nkhalango. Amakhala makamaka pafupi ndi mitsinje komanso tchire. Komanso, mbewa zamtchire zimapezeka m'chigawo cha Perm.
2. Pasyuk. Ndipo mbewa imeneyi imapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Chigawo chachikulu cha malo ake chimagwirizana ndi anthu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyama zovuta kwambiri kuwononga.
3. Munda. Malo okondedwa a cholengedwa chotere ndi munda, chifukwa chake umadziwika. Nthawi zambiri mbewa zakumunda zimapezeka mdera lomwe likudula mitengo mwachisawawa.
4. Brownie. Nyama iyi, monga Pasyuk, ndi amodzi mwamatenda ovuta kwambiri kulimbana nawo. Amakhazikika mdera lokhalamo anthu, amawononga chakudya ndi nyumba.
Zokonda ku Siberia
Woimira uyu Nyama za m'chigawo cha Perm ali mgulu la amphibian tailed. Ichi ndi chinyama chachikulu kwambiri, chotalika pafupifupi mita imodzi (amuna). Kumbali, thupi la salamander limakhala ndi ma grooves ang'onoang'ono.
Mwa oimira ena, makamaka akazi, mchira ndi wamfupi kuposa thupi. Koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali. Zitsanzo zoyimira za salamander waku Siberia zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zala 4, koma pali zosiyana m'chilengedwe. Ndi kusintha, komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakati pa oimira nyama, kuchuluka kwa zala pamiyendo kumatha kukwezedwa ndi 1 kapena 2.
Mtundu wa nyama iyi ndi bulauni wagolide. Kukuwala kwambiri nthawi yotentha kuposa nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri mzere wamtundu wofiirira umakokedwa kumbuyo kwa salamander waku Siberia. Koma pamimba pake papepuka.
Chisoti chobiriwira
Amphibian Izi zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa Perm. Zomwe zamtunduwu ndizopezeka m'makutu. Kukula kwamtundu wa chinsalu chokhwima ndi masentimita 11. Amuna amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Phazi lililonse lili ndi zotupa. Chiwerengero cha zala ndi 4.
Ndipo amphibiyamu otere amakhala ndi dumpal pamwamba pake. Mtundu wake ndi maolivi kuposa wobiriwira. Padziko lonse lapansi pali mabala ofiira ang'onoang'ono. Mbali yapadera ya tozi yobiriwira yamphongo siyokulira kwake kokha, komanso kukhalapo kwa zingwe zazing'ono pachala chimodzi.
Zachilendo kale
Kutalika kwa njoka ndi mita imodzi. Koma kumadera akumwera kwa Permian, kulinso anthu ataliatali, opitilira 2 mita. Mchira wa njoka umakhala ndi 25% yamthupi lake. Ponena za scutellum, mtundu uwu uli ndi 1 yokha.
Mamba am'mimbamo a nyamayi amadziwika kwambiri kuposa amchere. Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi wakuda-wakuda. Pa thupi la njoka wamba, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mitundu ya lalanje yamitundu yosiyana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Chofala kwambiri ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zingakhale albino.
Beaver
Iyi ndi mbewa yayikulu kwambiri ya Permian. Imafikira kukula kwakukulu - kuposa masentimita 90. Gawo lalikulu la thupi lake ndi thupi, mchira ndi 1/3 yake. Amuna amalemera kuposa akazi, kulemera kwawo ndi 20 kg. Beavers amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, mitundu iyi idasakidwa mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, ma beavers amakono amadziwika kuti nyama kawirikawiri m'dera Perm... Mu theka loyambirira la zaka za zana la 20, olamulira aku Russia adaganiza zotenga njira zobwezeretsera kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Anakwanitsa kuchita izi.
Beaver amadziwika ndi alenje chifukwa amayamikira ubweya wake. Maenje atali ataliatali amapezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Perm. Izi sizolengedwa mwachilengedwe ayi, koma ndi ma beavers omwe amapanga "nyumba" zotere.
Medyanka
Woimira ponseponse zinyama za Permian. Copperhead imafikira pafupifupi 80 cm m'litali. Mchira umapanga 25% yamthupi lake. Mamba am'mimbamo a nyama iyi ndi osalala kwambiri. Zili zazing'ono komanso zamakona. Pakati pa mphuno zake pali zishango. Koma infraorbital chishango kulibe.
Mbali yapadera ya cholengedwa ichi ndi milozo yakuda yomwe imayenda mozungulira thupi lonse ndi mchira. Ndipo mutha kusiyanitsa mutu wamkuwa ndi njoka ina ngati mumvera chapakatikati pake. Pamwamba pake pamapangidwa ndi mawanga ofiira ang'onoang'ono.
Woimira nyama, monga ena ambiri, amapita ku dzinja m'madera ofunda. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndi koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Mphalapala
Nyama iyi ndi mtundu wokha wa agwape omwe amapezeka ku Perm. Malo ake ndi coniferous taiga ndi tundra. Pafupipafupi, mutha kupeza mphalapala m'mapiri kapena m'malo ochepa a coniferous. Chapafupi ndi chilimwe, nyama imasamukira kumwera kumitsinje. Zinadziwika kuti mphalapala zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Is m'chigawo cha Perm.
Elk
Nyama iyi ndi yayikulu kukula. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti elk ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri ku Perm. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 3 mita. Moose kulemera - 350-400 makilogalamu.
Ichi ndi nyama yodyetsa, yomwe imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse m'deralo. Malo awo amene amakonda kwambiri nkhalango. Chifukwa chake ndi chakudya chambiri cha udzu ndi nthambi. Mphalapala zimadya pa iwo. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamayo imasamukira kunkhalango zowirira kwambiri.
Popeza elk ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira mafakitale a zinyama, kusaka kololedwa kokha ndikovomerezeka. Ndiye kuti, kuwombera chirombo chotere popanda zolemba zoyenera "kumawala" mlandu wamilandu.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa njoka kukuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Ndipo kuukira kwa alenje si chifukwa chokha. Ng'ombe iyi imasakidwa ndi chilombo - nkhandwe. Tikambirana pansipa.
Nkhandwe
Oopsa kwambiri nyama yomwe imakhala mdera la Perm... Amamutchula gulu la "agalu". Ponena za malo okhala nkhandwe, imapewa madera a nkhalango. Kumeneko, chilombocho chimangosaka nyama.
Mawonekedwe omwe amakhala amakhala osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza nkhandwe mdera lino, yomwe imamwa madzi mwamtendere. Masiku ano, kudera la Perm, kulibe anthu otere opitilira 300.
Wolverine
Kudziwika kwa oimira zinyama ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Wolverine samangotchulidwa ngati nyama, komanso nyama yowononga. Kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 17 mpaka 21, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 65 mpaka 90. Amuna amakhala akuluakulu komanso olemera kuposa akazi.
Mwakuwoneka, chinyama ichi chikufanana ndi chimbalangondo. Zoyipa za wolverine ndizovuta kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake enieni - mmbuyo wopindika kumbuyo ndi miyendo yayifupi.
Mbali yapadera ya nyama ndi mchira wake. Ndi wamkulu komanso wopanda pake. Koma, ngakhale kunja kwa mchira kumakopa, kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri kuti nyama iziyenda. Wolverine ali ndi mphuno yayitali yokhala ndi malire osongoka.
Ndikufuna kukhalanso pamakhalidwe. Mmbuluwo ndi nyama yowopsa komanso yochenjera, koma ikawona kuti ikuwopseza kapena kugwira nyama, imachita zinthu mwankhanza. Amakhala moyo wosungulumwa. Koma izi sizilepheretsa nyamayo kuti idye chakudya chotsalira, chomwe chidanyalanyazidwa ndi zilombo zina, kuphatikiza mimbulu.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Nyama yowonongekayi imakhala m'nkhalango ya coniferous, m'nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumpoto kwa dera. Chimbalangondo ndi chimodzi mwa nyama zikuluzikulu zodya nyama padziko lapansi. Kulemera kwake kwa chimbalangondo chachimuna chofiirira ndi 320 kg. Akazi amalemera pafupifupi 200 kg. Pakati pa nyengo ya kukwatira, amakwiya kwambiri.
Ngati mkaziyo ali ndi ana, ndiye kuti adzaukira cholengedwa chilichonse chofika kwa ana ake kupitirira mita 100. Poterepa, zinthu zoyandikira kwambiri zidzawoneka ngati chiwopsezo.
Potentha kwambiri, chimbalangondo sichimauma konse. Izi ndichifukwa cha ubweya wobiriwira wobiriwira womwe umaphimba nkhope yake yonse. Koma nthawi yotentha imakhala yayifupi. Cholinga chake ndikosowa kwakufunika kotchinjiriza kutentha.
Nthawi yotentha, zimbalangondo zofiirira nthawi zambiri zimapita kumadzi, chifukwa amazunzidwa ndi ludzu. Kuphatikiza apo, kulibe nkhawa kudya nsomba. Nyama imeneyi imatha kusaka mosavuta, ngakhale ili ndi kukula kodabwitsa.
Chimbalangondo ndichachangu, chosachedwa msanga komanso mwachangu. Sikuti amangothamanga mwamphamvu, komanso wosambira wabwino kwambiri. Komanso nyamayi imakwera bwino mitengo. Chimbalangondo chofiirira chimabisala chaka chilichonse. Izi zimachitika theka loyamba la Novembala. Ali mtulo mpaka pakati pa masika.
Dokowe wakuda
Ngakhale kufalikira kwa mbalameyi ku Perm, sikunali kotheka kuphunzira mozama za moyo wake. Dokowe amapewera gulu la anthu, chifukwa chake imakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe mulibe anthu ochepa. Makamaka m'nkhalango zowirira za coniferous.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona chisa cha dokowe wakuda pafupi ndi dziwe kapena paphiri, nthawi zambiri sichimapezeka m'madambo. Mutha kusilira kuwuluka kwa mbalameyi kwamuyaya. Amakwera bwino kwambiri, akutambasula mapiko ake momwe angathere, pomwe amaponyera miyendo yake, ndikuyang'ana pachifuwa chake patsogolo.
Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi:
- Zosawerengeka;
- Ndere;
- Nsomba zamoyo;
- Nkhono.
Mosasamala kanthu komwe adokowe amapangira chisa chawo, imawulukira kumtsinje kukadyetsa, popeza pali chilichonse chomwe chimakopa chidwi chake ndi njala. Mbali yapadera ya nyamazi ndi kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi yekha. Storks amapanga banja kamodzi. Ngati mkazi wamwalira pazifukwa zilizonse, mwayi wamwamuna wokhwima wobwezeretsanso banja ndiwochepa.
Galu wama Raccoon
Chilombo ichi, monga nkhandwe, ndi cha "mayini" m'kalasi. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, nyama iyi siyosiyana kwenikweni ndi galu wamba. Komabe, pali kusiyana pakati pawo. Kuchepetsa galu wa raccoon ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kulemera kwa thupi - 10-12 makilogalamu. Thupi la nyama ndilolimba, ndipo miyendo yake ndi yolimba komanso yokulirapo. Chifukwa cha thupi lake lolimba, galu wa raccoon amatha kuyenda mwachangu. Ali ndi ubweya wofiirira wonyezimira, womwe umawonekera kumimba.
Mbali yapadera yowoneka ya chirombo ichi ndi mphuno yakuda, yomwe imafanana ndi chigoba. Pali mabala owala masaya. Kwenikweni, galu wa raccoon amakonda nyama yanyama, komabe, pakalibe, amatha kudya chakudya chomera.
Weasel
Ponena za odyetsa a Permian, munthu sangatchule nyama yonyezimira yokongola ndi ubweya woyera ngati chipale, womwe umakhala wofiira nthawi yachilimwe. Ndizosatheka kuwona weasel m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa imaphatikizana ndi mtundu wa chipale chofewa. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, chinyama chimapeza chakudya nthawi yachisanu.
Thupi la nyama limakhala ndi mawonekedwe obulungika. Ngakhale ili ndi miyendo yayifupi, weasel amayenda mwachangu kwambiri. Kuyenda kwakutali sikumulepheretsa. Amatha kukwera paliponse, ngakhale dzenje lowonda kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake komanso machitidwe ake. Weasel ndi nyama yovuta kwambiri komanso yofuna kudziwa zambiri.Iye samangokwera bwino, komanso amasambira.
Chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Perm Territory, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kuwona nsomba yoyera kapena yofiira ikudya nsomba. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, weasel sachita mantha. Amatha kulimbana ndi nkhandwe. Koma osati chakuti ipambana mmenemo. Kunali kupanda mantha komwe kudawononga ma weel zana m'malo awa.
Mtsinje otter
Mmodzi wa oimira nyama za Permian, zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndi maiwe. Otter ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso thupi lokwera. Kutalika kwake ndi 80 cm.
Poyenda bwino m'madzi, otter ili ndi nembanemba pakati pa zala zakumapazi. Mchira umagwira gawo lofunikira pa izi. Nyama imagwiritsa ntchito ngati "chiwongolero", mchira wa otter ulibe ubweya ndi ubweya.
Thupi la nyama ndi lofiirira kapena lakuda. Mukayang'ana tsitsi lake, mutha kukhala ndi chithunzi chabodza kuti ndi cholimba. Koma ngati mutakhudza otter, mudzatha kumva kukoma kwa tsitsi lake. Chakudya chachikulu cha otter ndi nsomba zamoyo.
Marten
Malo okondedwa a nyama iyi ndi nkhalango. Marten sapezeka m'malo odulira, chifukwa chake amakopeka ndi chitsamba chobiriwira ndi singano. Amangokhala kudera lakutali ndi dera la anthu. Marten amakonda nkhalango yodekha, kumene kuli anthu ochepa. Mutha kukumana ndi nyamayi kudera lililonse la Perm Territory. Lero, pali anthu opitilira 10 zikwi.
Lynx
Chilombo ichi chimakhala cha gulu la "feline". Poyenda, kakhalidwe ndi zizolowezi, nthano imafanana ndi mphaka wamba. Potengera kukula kwake, sizotsika kuposa m'busa waku Germany. Ubweya wa mphaka ndi wandiweyani komanso wosalala, thupi limakhala lalitali, ndipo miyendo ndi yayitali. Zonsezi zimamupatsa mwayi wofufuza wovutikayo popanda vuto lililonse ndikumuukira. Chilombocho chimathamanga kwambiri.
Tiyeneranso kuzindikira mawonekedwe amutu wake. Ili ndi oblong pang'ono, yozungulira komanso yolumikizidwa kumapeto kwake. Ngakhale kuti mphalapala amakhala ndi khalidwe lachilendo kwambiri, amasiyana ndi mphaka wa mphalapakati wa mchira wake.
Ngakhale nyama zakutchire za Permian ndizosiyanasiyana, nyama zina zakomweko zimamwalira tonse. Izi zimachitika osati chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, komanso kusaka nyama zambiri. Izi zikuyenera kukhala chifukwa cholowererapo kwa boma.
