Nyama zakunyumba onetsetsani kutentha kwa thupi mosasamala momwe chilengedwe chilili. Makinawa ndi owononga mphamvu, koma amalola ziwalo ndi machitidwe kuti azigwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi magetsi otenthetsera.
Mu chilengedwe mulipo komanso poikilothermic. Nyama zakunyumba amaonedwa kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa iwo potengera chitukuko, chisinthiko. Poikilotherms amatentha ndikuzizira ndi chilengedwe. Zina zimawonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha. Ena amachepetsa zochitika m'moyo mwa kubisala.
Mwachitsanzo achule apansi, mwachitsanzo, amabisala pansi atakhala chete. Kuphatikiza pa amphibians, poikilothermic zolengedwa monga zokwawa, nsomba, protozoa, zopanda mafupa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyama zakutchire ndi mbalame zimakhala zovuta.
Nthenga zotentha
Homeothermal amatchedwanso magazi ofunda. Kwa moyo, simukuyenera kutentha kokha, koma pamadigiri a 36-45.5. Chiwerengero chenicheni chimadalira mtundu wa nyama.
M'zinyama zambiri, zomwe zimachitika siziposa madigiri 40. Mbalame zimasangalalanso thupi likatenthedwa mpaka madigiri 45 Celsius. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kake. Mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza mapiko. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird imakweza ndi kutsitsa mapiko ake kasanu ndi kamphindi. Chifukwa chake, mtima umagunda mwamphamvu. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu kumachitika ndikutentha, momwe, mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni amunthu amasinthidwa, ndiye kuti, mapuloteni amawonongeka.
Mbalame ndi gulu la nyama zomwe zimaphatikizira ma 30. Owayimira ndi awa:
Chikopa chachikaso
Zimayimira gulu la mbalame zodutsa. Agawidwa m'mabanja 25. Wogtail wachikaso amadziwika kuti wagtail. Amatchulidwa choncho chifukwa amanjenjemera ndi mchira, ndiye kuti, ndi mchira. Ndi yaitali oimira mitundu.
Pamodzi ndi mchira, kutalika kwa mbalame ndi 16 masentimita. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 30. Mwa njira, za nthenga. Ndi chimodzi mwazida zopangira kutentha kwa thupi, monga ubweya wazinyama.
Homeothermal amasunganso kutentha mothandizidwa ndi mafuta ochepa. Pamene kulibe okwanira kuchokera kunja, amawotchedwa, kukhala ngati mafuta osungira.
Kunja, ngolo yachikaso imafanana ndi mpheta, koma mimba ya mbalameyi ndi yagolide. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Alaska, Europe, Asia, Africa. Kontinentiyo yotsiriza, wagtail imakhala chaka chonse.
Ndevu za Motley
Imeneyi ndi mbalame yolingana ndi nkhalango. Mulinso mabanja 6. Mitundu yonse ya mitundu mwa iwo ndi 400. Ndevu zosiyanasiyananso zimasiyana ndi zina mu nthenga zoyengedwa pa goiter. Zikuwoneka ngati ndevu. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame. Ndevu zake ndi zamtambo. Thupi lonse limakhala lobiriwira, wachikaso, lalanje, lofiira, lakuda.
Kutalika kwa ndevu za motley kumafika masentimita 25. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 50. Ndevu zimapezeka m'maiko aku Asia.
Quetzal waku Guatemala
Zinali za dongosolo longa la trogon. Ili ndi banja limodzi ndi mitundu 50. Quetzal ya ku Guatemala imadziwika ndi nthenga zazitali zazitali zamchira. Ndi masentimita 35. Momwemonso kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo ndi nthenga wamba za mchira.
Nthenga za Quetzal zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzikongoletsera ndi miyambo ndi Amwenye aku South America, komwe nthenga imakhala. Anthu akale amamuona ngati Mulungu wa mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha nthenga, mbalame sizinaphedwe, koma zinagwidwa, kuzulidwa ndikumasulidwa.
Mbalame yoyera yoyera mbewa
Kuphatikizidwa ndi gulu la mbewa za mbalame. Ili ndi banja limodzi ndi mitundu 6 ya mbalame. Mbalame zam'mbali zoyera ndizoyera m'mimba. Pamwamba pa mbalame ndizotuwa. Mapiko, mchira ndi mutu ndi mdima pang'ono. Monga "mbewa" zina, oimira mitunduyi amakonda kupachika mozondoka pamitengo.
Pa masentimita 32 a kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame yoyenda ndi mbewa yoyera, mchira wake umakhala wa 23. Mutha kuwona nyamayi kumadera otentha ku South Africa.
Nightjar wamba
Wokhala ndi nthenga za dongosolo longa mbuzi. Ili ndi mabanja 6. Nightjar wamba ndi ya usiku. Kupanda kutero, mbalameyi imatchedwa kuti “swallow swallow. Nthengayo imakhala yosagwira masana. Zikuwoneka kuti chimeza chodya usiku chimangotalikirako. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira, zofewa, ngati kadzidzi. Amawonjezera voliyumu yowonjezera pa 100-gram nightjar.
Nightjar ili ndi mapiko akuthwa ndi mchira. Kuchokera apa, mbalameyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe otalikirapo. Zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ngati mbalameyo ili pansi panthambi. Chovalacho sichimawoloka, koma pambali pake.
Kadzidzi Hawk
Zimayimira gulu la owl la nyama zanyumba, zopangidwa ndi mabanja awiri. Mitundu yonse ya mitunduyo ndi 205. Kadzidzi a hawk amadziwika ndi mtundu wake wabulauni wokhala ndi mizere yoyera. Chithunzicho chimadutsa. Mtundu wa kadzidzi umalumikizana ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya birches, pomwe mbalame imakonda kukhala.
Mbalameyi imafanana mofanana ndi mphamba. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo. Choyamba, nkhope ya nthenga ilibe chimbale cha nkhope cha kadzidzi. Chachiwiri, mwa chinyama, mulomo wachikaso umawerama. Kukula kwa kadzidzi kumafanana ndi mphamba, komanso kamvekedwe ka utoto. Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi mapiko a nthenga.
Snipe
Zimatanthauza ma charadriiformes. Gulu ili lili ndi mabanja 17. Chiwerengero chonse mwa iwo ndi pafupi mazana atatu. Snipe ili ndi thupi la 25 sentimita. Nthenga ndi zofiirira. Mzere wofiira, wokhala m'malire ndi awiri akuda, umadutsa pamutu pa mutu.
Miyendo ndi milomo ya mbalameyi ndi yaitali. Mlomo pamapeto pake umakhala wosalala kuchokera mbali kuti nsomba ndi tizilombo titha kugwidwa mosavuta.
Grane Kireni
Zimayimira mbalame ngati crane, zomwe pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 ndi mabanja 13. Cranes akuda Zinyama zapanyumba zili kwenikweni, kokha pambuyo pa masabata oyamba a moyo. Thermoregulation kulibe mu anapiye akhanda. Chifukwa chake, makolo amayesetsa mwakhama kubisa ana awo kuchokera kumphepo komanso padzuwa.
Kireni imvi ili ndi malo akuda ndi oyera m'mapiko ake. Mwachitsanzo, mizere yoyera imatsikira m'maso mpaka m'khosi.
Phala loyera woyera
Mbalame yolinganizidwa ndi banja la phaeton. Pali mabanja ena asanu mgululi. Mtundu wa phaeton woyera umadziwika kuti ndi wautali masentimita 82 kutalika kwake. Oposa theka ali kumchira. Mbalameyi ndi yopaka utoto woyera. Pali zolowetsa zakuda pamapiko, zakuda m'maso. Miyendo, monga ma copopods onse, ali ndi nembanemba zofunika kusambira.
Monga mbalame zambiri, masiku ochepa oyambilira amoyo, ma phaetons sadziwa momwe angayambitsire njira zothetsera matendawa, popeza amakhala poikilothermic.
Wopusa iwe
Yemwe amayimira dongosolo la chubu-nosed, pomwe pali mabanja 23 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 100. Chitsiru chili ndi mutu woyera, khosi ndi mimba, kapena imvi kwathunthu. Mbalameyi ndi yofanana mu mtundu, kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe kake ka mtundu wa hering'i. Komabe, ma fulmars amakhala ndi machubu owopsa m'malo mwa mphuno, ndipo mlomo ndi wokulirapo komanso wamfupi kuposa wam'nyanja.
Mphuno zamphongo zimafunikira ndi ma fulmars kuti muchotse mchere wambiri. Mbalame zam'nyanja zimayenera kutayidwa.
Chophimba chofiira chofiira
Mbalame yolamula grebe. Ili ndi banja limodzi ndi mitundu 23 ya mbalame. Chotsegula cha khosi lofiira chimaonekera pakati pa ena ndi nthenga zake za pakhosi zofiira. Amakhala ofanana ndi kavalidwe ka mbalameyi. Pamutu pake pali zikwangwani zooneka bwino zagolide.
Anapiye opondapo alibe khungu lopanda pamphumi pawo. Pamalo pake, makolo amafufuza momwe ana awo alili. Malowa amasanduka oyera ngati kuzizira komanso amakhala ofiira pomwe anawo afunda.
Pamene anapiye amatha kutentha, kutentha kwa thupi lawo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi homeothermic, kumakhala kosasintha. Nyimbo thrush ili ndipamwamba kwambiri. Thupi lake limakhala lotentha mpaka madigiri 45.5.
Kutentha kotsika kwambiri ndi mbalame zam'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Adélie penguin, ili pafupi ndi anthu, ndi madigiri 37. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimatha kukhala ndi kutentha kwakanthawi.
Zinyama ndizochepa, apo ayi sizingafe chifukwa atakhala nthawi yayitali kuzizira ndipo sizimakomoka chifukwa cha kutentha.
Zinyama zapanyumba
Mwa zinyama pali zabodzanyama zapakhomo. Zitsanzo za: ma hedgehogs, nyongolotsi, mileme. Amakonda kupita kutulo, ndikuchepetsa zochitika m'moyo. Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa thupi kumachepa, makamaka kutengera chizindikiro cha chilengedwe. Komabe, pambuyo pa kugona, nyama zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azinyama amatcha kalasi yapakatikati yotentha kwambiri.
Ufumu wa mamalia wagawika m'madongosolo 12. Owayimira ndi awa:
Nyani
Zili m'manja mwa anyani. Ndi wamtali ngati gorilla wamunthu, ndipo amalemera kangapo kawiri. Uwu ndi unyinji wachikazi. Amuna nawonso ndi 300 kilogalamu.
Nyani Ndi nyama zowonda ndimagwiridwe awiri a thermoregulation. Ndi thupi komanso mankhwala. Yotsirizira umalimbana kukhalabe kutentha kutentha kwa thupi la anachita mkati mwake. Makamaka, tikulankhula za kagayidwe kachakudya ndikupanga kutentha, komwe kumakhudza mafuta abulauni, chiwindi ndi minofu.
Njira zakuthupi zimaphatikizapo kutuluka thukuta, kutuluka kwa chinyezi kuchokera lilime, khungu. Njira yamankhwala ndiyofunikira ngati zonyenga zakuthupi sizikhala zokwanira.
Mzere tenrec
Ndi za dongosolo la zinyama zomwe zimadya tizilombo. Kunja, nyamayo imafanana ndi hedgehog, koma imasankhidwa ngati banja limodzi la ma tenrecs. Masingano pathupi la nyama amasakanikirana ndi ubweya wolimba. Mtsinje wawo umathamangira kumbuyo.
Tenrec imapezeka ku Madagascar ndi Africa. Pali nyengo yayitali ya chilimwe. Tenrecs amagona kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Munthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa thupi kumadalira kutentha kwachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ma ternec ndi otentha kwambiri.
Usiku wofiira
Zimayimira gulu la mileme. Kumbali ya manambala, ndiwachiwiri pakati pa zinyama, pali mitundu 1200. Ginger noch ndiofala kwambiri pakati pa mileme.
Kutalika kwausiku ndi masentimita 8, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala magalamu 40. Ubweya, monga dzinalo limatanthauza, ndi wofiira. Usiku umasiyananso ndi mchira wautali. Imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5. Monga ma hedgehogs, mileme ndi nyama zotentha kwambiri.
Nkhandwe yakuda
Nyama ya dongosolo la zolusa. Amagawidwa m'mabanja 11. Mitundu yonse yazamoyo ndi 270. Mmbulu wofiirira uli ndi ma subspecies angapo, chifukwa chake kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota kumasiyana pakati pa 0.6 mpaka 1 mita.
Mimbulu ilibe zida zophera zodetsa ngati zikhadabo zolimba komanso zakuthwa kapena mano. Aimvi amayendetsa nyama zawo pagulu, ndikusowa chakudya. Mimbulu imayamba kudya nyama yamoyo ikagwa yatha.
Walrus
Zimayimira dongosolo la mapini, okhala ndi mabanja atatu ndi mitundu 35. Walrus amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimasinthasintha kwambiri kuzizira. Magulu ambiri amitsempha yamagazi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta onse pansi pa khungu, komanso kusintha kwamphamvu kwa magazi kumathandizira.
Kutentha kwa thupi kwa walrus kumakhala pamadigiri a 36-37. Mndandanda wa khungu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, koma nthawi zonse madigiri angapo kuposa chilengedwe.
Whale wamtambo
Gulu lake ndi acetaceans. Pali mabanja 13 ndi mitundu 83. Namgumi wa buluu ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri yam'madzi. Mu 1926, mkazi wamtundu wa 33 mita wolemera matani 150 adagwidwa.
Kutentha kwa nangumi wa buluu kumadalira mafuta osanjikiza ochepa. Thupi la nyama zam'madzi limakhala lozungulira. Mawonekedwe amakulolani kuti musunge mphamvu ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyama zambiri zam'madera ozizira zimakhala zapadziko lonse lapansi.
M'madera ofunda, pali nyama zowonda kwambiri, zazitali zopanda khungu, makutu akulu, ndi mchira. Kudzera mwa iwo, kutentha kumapita kumalo akunja.
Vole wamba
Zimayimira gulu la makoswe. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 2300 mmenemo. Vole ndi ya banja la hamster. Nyamayo imasiyana ndi mbewa ndi thunzi losachedwa kumva bwino.
Kuzizira, nkhondoyi, monga makoswe ena, imathandizira kagayidwe kake. Ili si yankho lomveka bwino la funsoli nyama ziti zapakhomo... Zowononga zimatha kufulumizitsa kagayidwe kokha ndi ma 0,8 mayunitsi, koma mahedgehogs amangowonjezera liwiro lawo kasanu ndi kawiri.
Hatchi ya Przewalski
Ndi wa gulu la ma equids. Ili ndi mabanja atatu komanso mitundu pafupifupi 20. Hatchi ya Przewalski yamangidwa bwino. Kutalika kwa nyama kumafikira 2 mita pa 136 masentimita kutalika. Hatchiyo imalemera makilogalamu 300-350.
Hatchi ya Przewalski idalembedwa mu International Red Book. Kutentha kwa thupi kwa nyama ndi madigiri 38. Kwa ana oberekera ndi amayi apakati, chizindikirocho chimakhala chokulirapo.
Girafi
Ophatikizidwa mgulu la artiodactyl. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya izo. Nyamalikiti amasunga kutentha kwa thupi lake pamtunda wa 38-42 madigiri Celsius. Mtima wamakilogalamu 12 umathandizira kufalitsa magazi.
Twigulu taphunzira kutsekula mitsempha ya magazi mwakufuna kwawo. Magazi a nyama palokha ndi okulirapo kuposa muyezo. Kupanda kutero, akadyamsonga sangathe kutsitsa mitu yawo, mwachitsanzo, akumwa.
Kalulu
Zokhudza dongosolo la Lagomorphs. Pali pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi itatu ya iwo. Kalulu amayendetsa kutentha mothandizidwa ndi maukonde otulutsa kutentha kwamitsempha yam'makutu, kutuluka kwa chinyezi popuma. Komanso, nyama zimayala pansi pabwino kapena m'maenje, zikutenthetsa pansi.
Kwa akalulu, kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 28 ndikofunikira. Kutentha kumachitika kwa nyama. Njira za thermoregulation zimaphwanyikanso pamatentha osakwana madigiri 5.
Munthu amakhalanso wa nyama zakutchire komanso amavutikira kunyumba. Anthu awonjezerapo zotenthetsera pamagetsi achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi zovala.
