Kuwerengera nyengo yachisanu kwa nyama zakutchire kwayamba ku Tatarstan. Njira 1575 zafotokozedwa. Kutalika kwawo kumapitilira 16,000 kilomita. Mwa awa, 3312 amadutsa pamtunda.
Kuyamba kwa kampeni kuyambira Januware 1 kudalengezedwa ndi State Committee for Biological Resources yadzikolo. M'nkhalango zake mumakhala mitundu yoposa 400 ya zinyama zouluka ndi mitundu 270 ya mbalame. Nsomba 60 zosiyanasiyana zimasambira m'madamu a Tatarstan.
Nyama zakutchire za Tatarstan
Zowononga
Nkhandwe
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, mimbulu ya Republic idawomberedwa malinga ndi malingaliro aboma. Zowononga zinali pafupi kuwonongedwa kotheratu. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti mimbulu imafunika motsatira nkhalango.
Choyamba, olusa amapha nyama zodwala, mwachitsanzo mphalapala. Izi zimaletsa kufalikira kwa matenda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timakhala opanda vuto kwa mimbulu.
Ubongo wa nkhandwe ndi gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu okulirapo kuposa galu. Izi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo kwa chilombo chamtchire.
Sungani
Mpaka pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, awa nyama zakutchire za Tatarstan anali ochuluka. Alenje amasaka anthu 4 mpaka 14,000 pachaka. M'zaka za zana la 21, ermine imapezeka ndikukololedwa pafupipafupi.
Ermine ndi wa banja la a weasel ndipo ndi chilombo. Kunja, chinyama chikuwoneka ngati chinsalu. Nyamayo ndi yothamanga, yothamanga komanso yabata. Chifukwa chake, kukumana ndi ermine ndi mwayi. Chilombocho chimatha kuthamanga pambali osazindikira.
Marten
Dexterously modumphira kuchokera ku nthambi kupita kuntchito ndipo monganso mwaluso amayenda pansi. Chilombocho chimafanana ndi mphaka muzochita zake. Komabe, zilombo ndizopikisana. Amphaka amtchire ndi ma martens amagawa gawo la Tatarstan osalowa m'gawo la mpikisano.
Nyama zanzeru zimakonda kukwera m'makwalala a anthu, ndikudya mazira ndi nkhuku. Kugwira martens ndi kovuta. Nthawi zambiri alenje sadziwika. Alimi apeza njira yotulukira mu gridi, yomwe ili ndi magetsi ochepa. Amaopseza martens, ndikuwasiya amoyo.
Otter
Amakonda kukhala m'mitsinje ya Tatarstan. Sipezeka kawirikawiri m'madzi ndi m'mayiwe. M'nyengo yotentha, otters amasankha malo okhazikika. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kuyenda makilomita 20 patsiku. Njala imakupangitsani kusuntha. Zinyama zimayendayenda pofunafuna chakudya.
Kusintha mogwirizana ndi zozungulira, chakudya, ma otter amatha kugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku.
Amatulutsa
Elk
Zotsogolera nyama zaku Tatarstan ndi kukula. Palibe nyama zazikulu kuposa mphalapala ku republic. Amuna amtunduwu akupeza 500 kg.
Pokhala ndi akazi okhaokha, mphalapala zimasankha mnzake. Makamaka amuna akulu ndizosiyana. Pomva kuti ndiwopambana, nthawi yomweyo amaphimba azimayi 2-3.
Roe
Anthu okhazikika amakhala m'nkhalango ya Igimsky pine kum'mawa kwa Tatarstan. Magulu ochepa amakhala m'maboma a Aznakaevsky ndi Almetyevsky.
Kumbuyo kwa mbawala yamphongo kumamangiriridwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa chiweto cha nyama ndikokulirapo kuposa kufota.
Makoswe
Steppe pestle
Rodent yaying'ono yamtundu wa hamster. Kutalika, nyama ndi masentimita 8-12. Pestle imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 35. Rentent ili ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira, maso akuda akuda, ubweya wakuda umathamangira kumbuyo. Kulira kwakukulu kwa pestle ndi imvi.
Tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'mapiriwa, timasankha malo omwe ali ndi nthaka zosavuta kulima, monga lamulo, nthaka yakuda. Khoswe amakhala manda. Kukumba pakati pa dongo wandiweyani kapena miyala ndikovuta.
Vole wofiira
Ili ndi mchira wawufupi. Kutalika kwake sikumangodutsa masentimita 4. Ma voles ena aku Tatarstan ali ndi michira ikuluikulu. Kutalika konse kwa mbewa yofiira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 12.
M'mitengo ya m'nkhalango, malo ofiira amafunafuna mtedza wa paini. Kukwera m'minda ndi minda, mbewa zimadya zokolola. Kamodzi mnyumba, vole amayeretsa chakudya.
Hamster wakuda
"Kuponya mdani pansi" - umu ndi momwe mawu oti "hamster" amamasulidwira kuchokera ku chilankhulo chakale cha ku Austria. Anthu adazindikira kuti, kuti ipeze chakudya, mbewa zimapinda mapesi ndi tirigu.
M'nyengo yozizira, hamster imvi imasungira chakudya mpaka makilogalamu 90. Nyamayo siyingathe kudya kwambiri, koma imasonkhanitsa chakudya choti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo cha moyo wodyetsedwa bwino kuzizira.
Mileme
Chikopa cha Nordic ndi matoni awiri
Milemeyi imapezeka mgodi wa Sarmanovo. Mkuwa anali mgodi m'migodi yapansi panthaka m'mbuyomu. Tsopano mileme yakhazikika pamayendedwe-mapanga.
Zikopa zonse ziwiri ndizapakatikati, zolemera magalamu 8-14. Komabe, ubweya wa mileme yakumpoto ndimtundu wofiirira. Pachikopa chamiyala iwiri, bere ndi mimba ndizopepuka, ndipo kumbuyo kuli dothi.
Phwando lalikulu lamadzulo
Imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 80. Kuchuluka kumagwera pamapiko-mikono. Poyerekeza ndi thupi, iwo ndi akulu kwambiri, amatsegula pafupifupi masentimita 50.
Vechernitsi khazikika m'mabowo a mitengo yakale. Mu "nyumba" imodzi anthu awiri amagwirizana.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Hedgehog wamba
Amakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana za Tatarstan. Apa nyama zimadya tizilombo. Chikondi cha hedgehog cha zipatso ndi bowa ndichabodza.
Hedgehog wamba amatha kudya arsenic, hydrocyanic acid, mercuric chloride ndikukhalabe wamoyo. Ziphe zakupha kwa anthu sizichita nawo nyama yaminga.
Wopanda mano
Ndi bivalve mollusc. Chinyamacho chimadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa magawo a chipolopolo chake sanadulidwe. Izi ndizo, mwachitsanzo, mu ngale ya ngale - mtundu wina wa bivalve mollusk. Zigawo za chipolopolo chake zili ndi zotuluka zomwe zimatsekera ngati mano mu zipper.
Wopanda pake amakhala wokhala m'madzi oyera, oyera. Mbalameyi imafunikira mpweya wambiri. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimasankha madamu oyenda.
Nyama za Tatarstan zidatchulidwa mu Red Book
Muskrat
Imatanthawuza zotsalira zomwe zidawoneka zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo ndipo sizinasinthe kwambiri.
Wosankhayo ndi mole yamadzi. Magazini yotchedwa "Vokrug Sveta" idatcha choletsedwachi "sitima yapamadzi yopanda kuwona." Chinyama chimayang'aniridwa ndi chithandizo chakumva, kununkhiza, ndikulumikiza kumaginito apadziko lapansi.
Desman, ngati mole mobisa, amayenda popanda kukhala ndi maso pansi pamadzi
Moustached njenjete
Zikuwoneka ngati mleme wa Brandt. Mleme adasokonezeka naye mpaka 1970. Atasankha mileme ngati mitundu ina, akatswiri azakuthambo adazindikira kuchuluka kwake. Komabe, ku Tatarstan, anthu ndi ochepa.
Mleme wonyezimira umalemera pafupifupi magalamu 10. Pakamwa pakamwa pake pamakhala ndi tsitsi losazindikira. Awa ndi tinyanga tomwe timapatsa mbewa zambiri zokhudza danga, njira yolowera pandege, komanso malo azinthu.
Ushan bulauni
Komanso mleme, koma wokhala ndi makutu ngati kalulu. Kutalika kwa zipolopolo zakunja ndikofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi la nyama. Mutha kuziwona m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri ku Tatarstan. Ushan imaphatikizidwa osati m'boma la Red Book, komanso ku Europe.
M'nyengo yozizira, mileme yofiirira yamakona ataliatali imalowa mu tulo tofa nato, ngati chimbalangondo. M'malo mogona, khoswe amasankha kukapachika pamalo obisika panthambi.
Chipmunk waku Asia
Yemwe akuyimira mtunduwo ku Eurasia, ndi wa banja la agologolo. Zimasiyana ndi agologolo a chipmunks poyenda ndi mizere 5 yakuda kumbuyo. Chojambulacho chili patsamba lofiira.
Pali mitundu ina ya 25 ya chipmunks, koma onse amakhala ku America. Chifukwa chachikulu cha dzina la mitundu ya ku Asia chimawonekera. Oimira ake amasankha tchire ndi mkungudza ndi mkungudza wochepa. Ndi m'malo otere omwe nyama zimayenera kusakidwa ku Tatarstan.
Malo ogona
Kuphatikizidwa osati mu nyama za Red Book of Tatarstankomanso mndandanda wapadziko lonse lapansi wa mitundu yotetezedwa. Kunja, nyumba yogona ndi yaying'ono komanso yokongola. Kutalika kwa nyama sikupitilira masentimita 12. Siphatikizapo mchira wautali, wolimba poyerekeza ndi thupi. Imayeza pafupifupi masentimita 12.
Sonia Sonia sakuzungulira nthawi. Chinyama chimagwira usiku. Nyama imagona masana.
Jerboa wamkulu
Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa kalulu wamisango yazitsulo zisanu, ngakhale kuti ndi ya makoswe. Nyama ili ndi mchira wautali ndi ngayaye ya ubweya woyera kumapeto. Chovalacho sichikula ndi pompu, koma chimakhala chofewa. Izi zimapangitsa mchira wa jerboa kuwoneka ngati chiwongolero.
Nyamayo imagwiranso ntchito kwa iwo. Jerboa ikadumpha kwambiri, mchira umasunthira kwina. Zimathandizira kusamala, kukhala agile. Sizachabe kuti ma jerboas akulu nthawi zambiri amachoka pansi pa mphuno za adani.
Ma jerboas akulu amakhala m'mapiri ndi nkhalango Tatarstan. Nyama zolembedwa mu Red Book sali ochepa chabe, komanso sangawonekere kwa anthu, chifukwa amakhala usiku.
Kamba wamtchire
Kutalika konse kwa chinyama kumafika 32 masentimita. 23 mwa iwo ali mu carapace. Mchira wautali umatuluka pansi pake, ngati buluzi.
Kamba wam'madzi ndi wokhala wamba waku Asia. Mosiyana ndi dzina la mitunduyi, oimirawo amatha kukhala m'mayiwewe, nyanja, ngalande, magesi, zigumula. Mkhalidwe waukulu wayimirira, kapena madzi ofooka ofooka.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Ku Tatarstan, zimbalangondo zimakhala makamaka mdera la Kukmorsky ndi Sabinsky. Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book patatha mikangano yayitali. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama sanagwirizane pa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso malingaliro pamtundu wa anthu. Zotsatira zake, phazi lamiyendo lawonjezedwa pamndandanda, titero, ngati zingachitike.
Dzinalo la phazi lamiyendo limapangidwa ndi mawu awiri achi Slavic akuti "uchi" ndi "ndi". Mwanjira ina, zimbalangondo ndi nyama zomwe zimadya maswiti a njuchi.
Medyanka
Imadyetsa abuluzi. Popeza alipo ochepa, palinso ochepa opopera. Njoka zomwe zimadya achule ndi makoswe zimakhala ndi mwayi woswana.
Copperhead imasiyana ndi njoka zina zamtundu wakuda, maso ofiira. Palinso kuwala kofiira m'miyeso yamphongo. Chovala chachikazi ndi chofiirira.
Crested newt
Mtunda wokwera umadutsa kumbuyo kwa zokwawa zija. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo. Mu 1553, nyamayo itadziwika, idatchedwa buluzi wamadzi. Pambuyo pake adazindikira dziwe newt. Imapezekanso ku Tatarstan, ili ndi chisa chaching'ono ndipo imadzichepera. Chiwerengero cha mitundu yamadziwe sichokhazikika. Newt yosakanikirana ndi yotetezeka.
Kutalika kwa nyongolotsi kufika 18 masentimita, akulemera mpaka magalamu 14. Thupi limafunda potenga kutentha kwachilengedwe. Kutentha kukatsika mpaka madigiri 6, nyamayo imabisala, ikubowola mulu wamiyala ndi zomera.
Chombo chatsopano cha marbled
Kangaude wa siliva
Tsitsi lokuta thupi la kangaude limasokoneza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tampweya. Amasonkhanitsa mtundu wina wa thovu. Kuunika mkati mwawo kumabwezeretsedwanso, ndikupangitsa kuti thupi lanyama liwoneke ngati siliva. M'malo mwake, kangaudeyu ndi bulauni wokhala ndi cephalothorax yakuda.
Nsombazi zimatha kuzungulira ndi ma thovu am'mlengalenga, chifukwa imakhala pansi pamadzi. Nyama imapuma ndi mpweya wopanda pake. Serebryanka imayenera kuwonekera nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikugwira mpweya.
Tarantula
Munkhani zomwe zilipo pali mitu monga: - "Riphablikiyo yaukiridwa ndi ma tarantula owopsa." Zinyama za Tatarstan adawonjezera pafupifupi zaka 4 zapitazo. Ma tarantula aku South Russia adasamukira ku republic. Kuluma kwawo ndi kowopsa, kofanana ndi kupweteka ngati kuboola kwa nyanga. Khungu limayabwa, bala limafufuma. Wokhala ku Naberezhnye Chelny anali woyamba kumva izi ku Tatarstan. Kangaude analuma mkazi mu 2014.
Ngakhale ali ndi poyizoni, tarantula ndiwofunika chifukwa ndiwosowa ku republic. Ngakhale atolankhani akupanga mutu wowopsa, akatswiri a zoo akulemba kangaudeyo ngati nyama yotetezedwa.
Swallowtail
Ichi ndi gulugufe wamkulu wobwera mpaka masentimita 10 kutalika. Mapiko akumbuyo kwa nyama amakhala ndi zotuluka zochepa, zotambalala komanso zofiira mozungulira.
The swallowtail ili ndi adani ambiri. Izi ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya tizilombo, nyerere, ndi akangaude. Chiwerengero cha agulugufe akuchepa chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa osati ndi anthu, koma ndi adani achilengedwe.
Mbalame za ku Tatarstan
Wodutsa
Buluu woyera woyera
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino adatchulidwa ndi anthu ngati kalonga. Mbalameyi ili ndi mutu woyera ndi mimba. Kumbuyo kwa nyama ndi imvi, ndipo mapiko ake ndi amtambo wabuluu. Nthenga zomwe zili pamutu pa mutu wabuluu zimakwezedwa, ngati kapu.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa Tatarstan, mawere a buluu amasankha nkhalango zomwe zimasefukira ndi nkhalango za msondodzi ndi alder.
Remez wamba
Mbalame yaying'ono yolemera mpaka magalamu 11. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amapeza magalamu 7. Dzinalo la nthenga waku Germany limamasuliridwa kuti "bango tit". Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mtundu wofanana, wanzeru, wokulirapo. Chifukwa chake kufananitsa.
Amakonda kukhazikika m'mabango. Chifukwa chake, ku Tatarstan, magulu a "titi" amasankha madambo.
Grebe
Chophimba chofiira chofiira
Nthenga zomwe zili pakhosi ndi mabere a mbalameyi ndi zofiira. Mtundu uwu umapezekanso mbali zamutu. Pali nthenga zofiira kwambiri zomwe zimafanana ndi dontho la tsitsi.
Ku Tatarstan, mbalame za khosi lofiira zimapezeka m'madambo ang'onoang'ono, m'madzi, m'mapanga. Kukula kwa mbalame kumafanana ndi abakha, osalemera kwambiri kuposa magalamu 500.
Zokometsera zamataya
Khosi lake ndilofiyanso, koma chilimwe chokha. Palibe chofiira pamutu pake. Chipewa cha chopondachi ndi chakuda ndipo masaya ake ndi otuwa. Maonekedwe a mbalameyi amafanana ndi mtundu wa grebe. Komabe, pali mizere yoyera pakati pa kapu ndi masaya.
Grey-cheeked grebe amaikira mazira 26 lililonse ndipo ndi mtundu wotetezedwa. Chifukwa cha chonde cha nyamayi, akatswiri a maphunziro a mbalame amadabwa chifukwa cha kutha kwake. Amachimwa powononga zisa za ziphuphu ndi zinyama.
Mitengo yamatabwa
Wosema matabwa atatu
Amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa Tatarstan. Pamatumba a mbalameyo, m'malo mwa 4 wakale 3 zala. Chinthu china chosiyanitsa ndi "kapu" wachikasu pamutu wa nthenga.
Wokwera matabwa atatu sanaphunzire bwino, chifukwa amakwera m'chipululu cha taiga, amakhala moyo wachinsinsi.
Pachithunzicho muli wokwera matabwa atatu
Hoopoe
Hoopoe
Amatchula mawu omwe amaphatikiza mawu oti "zoyipa apa." Phokoso la nyimbo ya hoopoe ndi yonyenga. Mitundu ya nthenga imalankhula nthawi yachisanu, munyengo yoswana. Sizingatheke kuti mbalamezi zimakhala zoipa nthawi yokomana.
Mverani mawu a hoopoe
A hoopoe wamba amakhala ku Tatarstan. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu 10 za mbalameyi. Chofala chimakhala chowala kwambiri. Mikwingwirima yakuda imawonekera mbali zonse motsutsana ndi maziko a ocher. Pamutu pake, hoopoe amavala tuft lalanje. Zikuwoneka ngati zimakupiza. Nsonga zake ndi mdima.
Dokowe
Imwani zazikulu
Kutalika kumafika 70 sentimita, kumatha kulemera pafupifupi 2 kilos. Kulira kwamphamvu kofananako kwa mbalame, kukumbukira kukumbukira kubangula kwa ng'ombe. Mutha kumva izi pamtunda wa makilomita 3-4 kuchokera ku bittern.
Mverani mawu a chakumwa chachikulu
Zisa zazikuluzikulu zazing'ono pamapampu. Kusankha malo ndikodabwitsa kwa mbalame zina, monganso momwe nyumbayo imamangidwira. Mbalamezi zimapanga zisa zoipa. Ndi mulu wazitsamba wolemba mwachisawawa.
Kuwawidwa mtima
Mbalameyi imakhala yaitali masentimita 36 ndipo imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 150. Amuna ndi akazi a mitundu, mitundu ndi yosiyana. Pakati pa adokowe, izi ndizapadera. Akazi a bittern pang'ono ndi ofiira ndi mikwingwirima. Amuna amavala "chipewa" chakuda pamutu pawo. Amawala wobiriwira. Momwemonso kamvekedwe ka nthenga pamapiko a mbalameyo.
Zinyama zazing'ono zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa matanthwe amadzi omwe amangokhala ndiudzu. Pakati pa zomera, nthengayo yabisala. Podalirika, kamphindi kamene kamayendayenda ngati bango lakuwuluka mphepo.
Pang'ono pang'ono
Collitz
Imafikira mita kutalika, ikukula pafupifupi makilogalamu awiri. Imasiyana ndi adokowe ena pakamwa pake pokulira kumapeto. Ndi wachikaso, chokumbutsa ziphuphu za shuga. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalamezi zimameta madzi ndi milomo yawo, nthawi imodzi kuwedza mphutsi za udzudzu ndi tizilombo tina.
Ma Spoonbill amakonda kukhazikika m'madambo. Ku Tatarstan, mitunduyi imatetezedwa chifukwa chochepa.
Maflamingo
Flamingo wamba
Monga ma flamingo ena, amitundu 6, anali a dokowe. Dongosolo la "flamingo" lidapangidwa ndi akatswiri azakuthambo zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.
Pamodzi ndi ma cormorant ndi terns, ma flamingo pinki ndi mbalame zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mitunduyi idawonekera pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. M'madera omwe kale anali USSR, ma flamingo amapezeka m'mapiri a Kyrgyzstan ndi nyanja za Tatarstan.
Mitunduyi imatetezedwa. M'masiku akale, mbalame zakale zinkasakidwa. M'nyengo ya flamingos molt. Popanda nthenga, nyama sizingathe kuuluka. Izi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alenje kale.
Wofanana ndi mbuzi
Nightjar wamba
Ndiwo kukula kwa woponda matabwa, umafikira masentimita 28 m'litali, umalemera magalamu 65-95. Nthenga zimasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yayifupi. Mbalameyi imatha kuima, koma zikuwoneka kuti yakhala.Miyendo simawoneka kuchokera pansi pa thupi. Ikuphimbidwa ndi nthenga zosasunthika, kuwonekera kowonekera kukula kwa usiku wa usiku.
Mbalameyi yatchedwa ndi dzina chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chofala. Pozindikira kuti mbalame zimazungulira pakhola usiku, anthu adaganiza kuti alendowo akuyamwa ng'ombe, akumwa mkaka. M'malo mwake, mitsuko yoyenda usiku imagwira tizilombo timazungulira pafupi ndi ungulates. Mbalame zimasaka usiku chifukwa zimapuma masana.
Zolemba
Tsekwe zakuda
Iye ndi wamng'ono kwambiri komanso wosowa kwambiri atsekwe. Mbalameyi imalemera kupitirira 2 kilos, ndipo siyidutsa masentimita 60 m'litali.
Ngakhale dzinalo, tsekwe limakhala lakuda pang'ono. Mchira wa mbalame ndi woyera. Palinso nthenga zowala pamapiko. Thupi ndi lofiirira. Mutu ndi khosi ndizopaka utoto wakuda.
Kadzidzi
Chiwombankhanga
Mbalameyi inalandira dzina lake, lofanana ndi kulira kwake: - "Sleep-woo". Mawu a kadzidzi amamveka usiku. Mbalameyi sikugwira ntchito masana.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Mitunduyi imatetezedwa ku Tatarstan. Nambala za kadzidzi zikuchepa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo muulimi. Kulowa mu makoswe, amene akadzidzi kudya, ziphe poizoni zolusa, chifukwa masinthidwe, matenda.
Kadzidzi wamkulu wakuda
Zolemba zakuda zimawoneka pansi pamlomo wa mbalameyi. Kutalitali amaoneka ngati ndevu. Chifukwa chake dzina la kadzidzi. Ndi mtundu wotetezedwa, mosiyana ndi kadzidzi wamba komanso wautali, womwe umakhalanso ku Tatarstan.
Great Gray Owl imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, zakale pafupi ndi madambo. Nthawi zina kadzidzi amakhala m'malire ndi kutuluka.
Kadzidzi amene wakweza
Kakang'ono, kadzidzi kakang'ono. Miyendo yake ili ndi nthenga, kuphatikizapo zala zake. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame. Ndi chilombo, kuukira ndi maso chatsekedwa. Choncho kadzidzi amateteza ziwalo za masomphenya kuwonongeka. Nanga bwanji ngati wovutikayo ayamba kudzitchinjiriza?
Chakudya chachikulu cha kadzidzi ndi ma voles. Kuwononga mbewa, mbalame imayang'anitsitsa mbewu zaulimi.
Zolemba zabodza
Upland Buzzard
Ndi ya mphamba, koma miyendo ili ndi nthenga kumapazi ake, ngati ziwombankhanga. Chilombocho chili ndi masentimita 50-60 kutalika. Mapiko amafikira 1.5 mita ndikulemera magalamu 1700.
Madera a akhungubwe amakhala okha pamtunda komanso mlengalenga, poganizira zawo za 250 mita kumtunda. Ngati mlendo alowa mlengalenga, awaukira.
Chingwe cha steppe
Chimaonekera ndi mapiko ake aatali, osongoka ndi mchira womwewo. Mwa zotchinga zina, zopepuka kwambiri, ngati tsitsi laimvi. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame. Mtundu wa nthenga zake umafanana ndi pamwamba pa mwezi.
Ku Tatarstan, chotchingacho chimapezeka m'malo otsetsereka komanso nkhalango. Kumeneko, chilombocho chimasaka makoswe, abuluzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Chingwe cha steppe
Khosi lakuda
Mwa mbalame za ku Tatarstan, mbalame yakuda ndiyo ikuluikulu kwambiri. Mapiko a mbalame amafika mamita atatu. Nyamayo imalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 12. Mbalameyi imagwirizira misa imeneyi podyetsa nyama zakufa. Mapiko ake amatuluka ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi mlomo wolimba.
Ku Tatarstan, mbalame yakuda imapezeka m'chigawo cha Aznakayevsky, chifukwa imakonda mapiri. Mitunduyi imawerengedwa kuti yasochera mdzikolo. Zisa za Scavenger ku Southern Europe.
Wofanana ndi nkhunda
Khalintukh
Iyi ndi njiwa yakutchire. Mosiyana ndi m'tawuni, amapewa anthu, amakhala m'nkhalango. Kumeneko mbalameyi imakhazikika m'mapanga a mitengo yakale. Kudula izi kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mitunduyi.
Kunja, clintuch pafupifupi sadziwika ndi nkhunda. Mbalame ya m'nkhalango imasiyanitsidwa ndi kumveka kwake pakamakwera ndege. Klintukh amatulutsa "manotsi" akuthwa ndi mapiko ake.
Nkhunda wamba
Chinyamacho ndichotalika masentimita 30 ndipo chimalemera magalamu 150. Makulidwe ake amafanana ndi njiwa wamba. Komabe, mphete yakuda imawoneka pakhosi la nkhunda. Izi ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa mitunduyo.
Njiwa imasamukasamuka. Kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Meyi, mbalameyi imakhala ku Africa. Nkhunda zimabwerera ku Tatarstan kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Makhalidwe
Mlonda
Ndi kambalame kakang'ono kokhala ndi miyendo yayitali ndi mlomo wowonda, wopingasa. Kuyang'anira sikusowa, kumakhala kosamuka. Ku Tatarstan, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakhazikika m'minda momwe mumasefukira mitsinje.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumavutika chifukwa cholima minda. Zotsatira zake, mitsinje yamadzi osefukira. Ng'ombe zikudya m'minda zimasokoneza alonda.
Crane ngati
Grane Kireni
M'zaka 100 zapitazi, idagawidwa kumpoto kwa Tatarstan. M'zaka za zana la 21, anthu achepetsa. Kireni imvi sikuphatikizidwa mu Red Book la dzikolo, koma ili pafupi kuti iphatikizidwe pamndandanda.
Kutalika, crane imvi imafika masentimita 115, ndikufalitsa mapiko ake pafupifupi 200 sentimita. Mbalameyi imalemera makilogalamu 5-6.
Nsomba ku Tatarstan
Sturgeon
Beluga
Kuphatikizidwa ndi nyama zosowa ku Tatarstan... Nsomba zam'nyanja. Imalowa m'mitsinje ya dzikolo kuti ikaswe. Beluga yodzaza zolemera makilogalamu 966 ndi masentimita 420 kutalika ikuwonetsedwa ku Astrakhan Regional Museum. Pali milandu yodziwika yolandidwa kwa anthu mamitala 9 omwe akulemera pansi pa 2 kilogalamu. Palibe nsomba zazikulu m'madzi abwino.
Dzinalo la beluga limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "nkhumba". Mfundo ndi m'mayanjano omwe amachitika chifukwa cha mnofu wa nyama, utoto wake wamtambo, mphuno yayifupi komanso yopepuka pang'ono ndi pakamwa lalikulu lokhala ndi mlomo wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, beluga ndiwamphamba, ngati nkhumba.
Sturgeon waku Russia
Mwachilengedwe, zakhalanso zosowa. Koma m'chigawo cha Laishevsky ku Tatarstan, pofika chilimwe cha 2018, akufuna kukonzekera bizinesi yopanga mafakitale a sturgeon ndi beluga. Akukonzekera kulandira matani 50 a nsomba zofiira pamsika pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, akufuna kupangira sterlet. Amakhalanso wa sturgeon, wosowa kuthengo komanso wokoma.
Mu 2018, ku Tatarstan, kasitomala "malo obayira Sterlet" okhala ndi mahekitala 1,750 adapangidwa. M'madera otetezedwa, zochitika zomwe zimawopseza nsomba zomwe zimabweretsedwanso ndizoletsedwa, koma kuwedza kwakanthawi ndi kuwedza kafukufuku wamasayansi ndikololedwa.
Salimoni
Mtsinje wa Brook
Iyi ndi nsomba yotalika masentimita 55 ndipo imalemera kilogalamu imodzi. Nyamayo inali yachilendo kumayiko a Tatarstan mpaka m'zaka zoyambirira za zana lomaliza. Pambuyo pake, anthu adayamba kutsika. Mitunduyo tsopano yatetezedwa.
Mtsinje wamtsinje uli ndi mtundu wowala, womwe nsombayo umatchedwa pestle pakati pa anthu. Pali masikelo ofiira, akuda, oyera. Iwo ali "omwazikana" pamwamba pa nsomba, monga confetti.
Kawiri wamba
M'banja la salmon, taimen ndiye wamkulu kwambiri. Nthawi zina amagwira nsomba za mita ziwiri zolemera makilogalamu 100. Zikho ndizochepa. Nthawi zambiri, taimen imagwidwa ndikufikira kwa Kamsky.
Asanayambe kuyendetsa Volga ndi Kama, taimen anali nzika wamba ya mitsinje ya Tatarstan.
Mzere waku Europe
Monga Siberia imvi, imakonda mitsinje yozizira yamapiri. Madziwo ayenera kukhala oyera. Nyama yakuda imangokhala yopepuka komanso yofewa. Chiwerengero cha mitunduyo chikuchepa. M'zaka za zana la 20, imvi ku Europe ku Tatarstan zidagwidwa pamalonda.
Grayling ndi nsomba zolusa. Nyamayi ndi nyama zam'mimba zam'mimba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Balitoria
Mustachioed char
Nsomba yokhala ndi thupi lotsika, lopindika, lokhala ndi ntchofu. Mutu sudakakamizidwa pambuyo pake. Pansi pa milomo yathupi pali ma tendrils. Nyamayo inapezeka mu 1758. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi 21, char chidaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Tatarstan.
Tsambali lilibe phindu lachuma. Nyama yoyera ya nsomba ndi yopanda kanthu. Kutsika kwa anthu kukugwirizana kwambiri ndi zofuna za nyama kuti zitheke. Char imakonda madzi oyera.
Carp
Malingaliro
Kunja kuli kofanana ndi roach. Malingalirowo ali ndi chipumi chokwera ndi kamwa yopotoka. Thupi la nsombalo limapanikizika pambuyo pake, lokwera. Malingaliro amatha kupezeka m'matupi ambiri amadzi ku Tatarstan. Mitundu yofala kwambiri imakhala ndi moyo wodya nyama.
Malingaliro ku Tatarstan sikuti ndi nsomba zokha, komanso dzina. Mwachitsanzo, amavala ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wophika. Viktor Yaz adatulutsanso pulogalamu yophikira "Yaz motsutsana ndi chakudya". Mwa mbale zoperekedwazo palinso zomwe zimapangidwa pamtundu wa nyama ya carp.
Carp
Nsomba zofala kwambiri ku Tatarstan. Nyama ili ndi zizolowezi za wokonda mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Crucian carp amasambira fungo la adyo, corvalol, valerian, palafini, mafuta a masamba. Izi sizikupezeka pazakudya za carpian carp, koma amakonda kununkhira kwake. Chifukwa chake, asodzi nthawi zambiri amakhuta mipira ya mkate ndi nyambo zonunkhira.
Pakati pa carp, carpian crucian ndiosadalirika kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwiratu kuti nsombayo iluma bwanji ndi kuti.
Carp
Amatchedwanso wamba carp. Chifukwa chodziwikiratu, chinyama chidatchedwa nkhumba ya mumtsinje. Apa carp itha kupikisana ndi beluga.
Carp ili ndi thupi lokulirapo, lotalikirana pang'ono. Adagwira zitsanzo za mita zolemera mpaka 32 kilos. Komabe, mu kukula kwa Tatarstan, mbiriyo ndi 19 kilogalamu.
Chekhon
Amapangidwa ngati chinsinsi. Msana wa nsombayo ndi wowongoka, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi mopindika, ngati tsamba. Amasunga nsomba zazing'ono m'magulu, amakhala ndi malonda. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chiweto chachepetsedwa kwambiri. M'madera ena a Tatarstan, nsomba za sabrefish zimanenedwa kuti ndizotetezedwa.
Pokonda matupi amadzi atsopano, sabrefish imatha kukhala munyanja. Chifukwa chake, asodzi ena amatcha nyamayi osati kaphalaphala, koma hering'i.
Gorchak wamba
Katemera wosowa kwambiri ku Tatarstan. Kutalika kwake, nsombayo imafika pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Kunja, kuwawa kumawoneka ngati mtanda wamtanda, koma kumbuyo kwa chinyama ndi cha buluu.
Monga carp crucian, gorchak amakonda mayiwe ndi nyanja zokhala ndi mafunde aulesi kapena madzi osayenda.
Zowonjezera
Zander
Zimasiyana ndi nyama yokoma. Kunja, nsombayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wakuthwa komanso wopingasa. Pamafupa a operculum, monga m'malo ambiri, mitsempha imatuluka. Minga ndi zipsepse za nyama.
M'matupi amadzi ku Tatarstan, nsomba za pike ndizofala ndipo zimagulitsa malonda. Anthu ena amakula mpaka masentimita 113 m'litali, amatenga makilogalamu 18.
Nsomba
Monga woimira wamkulu wabanjali, ili ndi mphanda wakumbuyo. Ichi ndichinthu chosiyana ndi mabala onse. Malo ambiri okhala ku Tatarstan amapezeka m'dera la Izhminvod.
Perch sichipeza magalamu opitilira 700. Kulemera kwa nsomba ndi magalamu 400. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 40. Komabe, pali mitundu yam'madzi ya nsomba. Amatha kulemera ma 14 kilos.
Slingshot
Sculpin wamba
Amakonda madzi oyera, oyera. Ayenera kukhala osaya, okhala ndi miyala. Zomwe nsomba zimafuna zimachepetsa kugawa kwake. Chovuta china ndi "kuyanjana" kwa nsomba. Podkamenniks amakhala osungulumwa.
Kutalika, sculpin imakula mpaka masentimita 15. Nsombayi ili ndi mutu waukulu komanso thupi lochepetsedwa kumchira. Zipsepse zam'mimba zimafalikira ngati mapiko a gulugufe.
Anthu okhala m'malo osungidwa ndi zipilala zachilengedwe amakhala otetezeka kwambiri ku Tatarstan. Awa akuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, Mount Chatyr-Tau. Gulu la anyani limakhala paphiri. Komanso pa Chatyr-Tatu pali mitundu ingapo ya zitsamba za Red Book.
