12% ya dera la Russia ndi madzi. Makilomita lalikulu 400,000 ndi nyanja. M'dzikoli muli oposa 3,000,000 mwa iwo ndipo ambiri ndi atsopano. Nyanja zamchere ku Russia ndizochepera 10% yathunthu. Mitundu yamadzi yosiyanasiyana imapatsa nsomba zomwezo. Zamoyo zambirimbiri zili m'nyanjayi. Mu dziwe la Ladoga muli 60. Koma tiyeni tiyambe ndi Baikal. Lili ndi 90% yamasamba amadzi abwino aku Russia. Nanga nsomba?
Nsomba za m'nyanja ya Baikal
Ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba, Baikal sikotsika ku Nyanja ya Ladoga. Mu Nyanja Yopatulika, mulinso zinthu pafupifupi 60. Agawidwa m'mabanja 15 ndi maudindo asanu. Oposa theka lawo ndi mitundu ya Baikal yomwe sikupezeka m'matumba ena amadzi. Zina mwa izi:
Omul
Zimatanthauza whitefish. Banja la omul nsomba. Nsombazo zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 3 kilogalamu. Ngakhale zaka 50 zapitazo, panali anthu 60 masentimita m'litali komanso olemera kuposa 3 kilos. Kwa zaka zambiri, omul sikuti amangocheperako, komanso amafa. Kutsika kwa anthu kumalumikizidwa ndi kusodza mwakhama. Pachifukwa ichi, m'madera a Baikal, malamulo oletsa asodzi akhazikitsidwa pazinthu zachilengedwe.
Nsomba zokhala munyanjayi agawidwa m'magulu asanu. Omul Severobaikalsky wamkulu kwambiri komanso wokoma kwambiri. Palinso akazembe, Selenginskaya, Barguzin ndi Chivyrkuy. Amadziwika ndi malo omwe ali mu Nyanja ya Baikal. Ili ndi malo a Barnuzinsky ndi Chevyrkuisky. Posolsk ndi Selenginsk - midzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Golomyanka
Nsomba zokhazokha zopezeka m'nyanja ya Baikal. Kukana kutaya mazira sikofala kumpoto chakumpoto. Nsomba zambiri za viviparous zimakhala kumadera otentha. Golomyanka imadziwikanso chifukwa chowonekera. Magazi amayenda komanso mafupa amawonekera kudzera pakhungu la nyama.
Atapangidwa ku Baikal zaka 2,000,000 zapitazo, golomyanka idapanga mitundu iwiri. Yaikulu imafika masentimita 22 m'litali. Golomyanka yaying'ono - 14 cm nsomba m'nyanjayi.
Dzinalo la golomyanka limalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mutu wake. Imakhala kotala la thupi. Pakamwa pake pamadzaza mano ang'onoang'ono komanso akuthwa. Amathandizira kusaka bwino nkhanu ndi mwachangu.
40% yamafuta a golomyanka ndi mafuta. Zimapatsa nsombazo mphamvu yolekerera. Nsombazi zimayandama kwenikweni.
Golomyanka amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zonona kwambiri
Mutu wakuya
Amakhala pansi pamadzi mpaka 1,500. Nsombayi ili ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi chipumi chachikulu komanso thupi lofewa la gelatinous. Pali mitundu 24 m'banjamo. Oyimira akuluakulu ndi masentimita 28 kutalika. Kakang'ono kakang'ono kotchedwa procottius sikamakula mpaka 7.
Mwambiri, pali mitundu 29 ya gobies ku Baikal. Ndi 22 okha mwa iwo omwe amapezeka kunyanjaku. Mitundu yonse yamasamba a Baikal ndi 27.
Makulidwe amtunduwu amatambalala kuchokera ang'ono mpaka akulu, kutengera mitundu
Nsomba za Nyanja ya Ladoga
Ngati Baikal ndiye nyanja yayikulu kwambiri ku Russia, ndiye kuti dziwe la Ladoga ndiye lalikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Mwa mitundu 60 ya nsomba zakomweko ndi:
Nsomba zoyera za Volkhov
Kukula kumeneku kwa Nyanja ya Ladoga kumafikira masentimita 60 m'litali ndikulemera ma kilogalamu 5. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ya Volkhov ndi imodzi mwazinsomba zazikulu kwambiri zoyera. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Malo opangira magetsi a Volkhovskaya adatseka njira yobweretsera nsomba. Pomwe inali yotseguka, ndiye kuti, mpaka gawo loyamba lachitatu la zaka za zana la 20, Volkhov whitefish idagwidwa pamichira 300,000 pachaka.
Nsomba zoyera za Volkhov zalembedwa mu Red Book
Nyanja ya Atlantic
Kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yomwe ikutha nyanja za nsomba... Nthawi yomaliza yomwe mbalame yam'madzi yotchedwa Atlantic sturgeon inawoneka mu Nyanja ya Ladoga inali pakati pa zaka zapitazo. M'nyanjayi mumakhala mtundu winawake wamoyo wa nsomba. Chiyembekezo chimatsalirabe kuti kuchuluka kwa nyanjayi sikutha 100%. Mudzawona sturgeon ku Ladoga, dziwitsani za zachilengedwe.
Amadziwika kuti mitsinje ya lacustrine ya Atlantic sturgeon idapulumuka m'matupi angapo amadzi ku France. Anthu osakwatira amapezeka ku Georgia.
Nsomba zina za m'nyanja ya Ladoga sizapadera, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pamalonda. Pike perch, bream, pike, burbot, perch, roach, dace amapezeka mosungira madzi. Gwirani ku Ladoga ndi rudd, eels, chub. Yotsirizira ndi ya carp, imakula mpaka makilogalamu 8, ndikukula mpaka masentimita 80.
Nsomba za Nyanja ya Onega
Pali mitundu 47 ya nsomba mu Nyanja Onega. Vendacea ndi smelt ndiye nsomba zikuluzikulu zamalonda m'nyanjayi. M'nyanjayi mulibe zolembapo zambiri. Gulu la nsomba limakhala ngati matupi amadzi onse a Karelia. Mayina owerengeka komanso ofunika ku Onega alipo, mwachitsanzo:
Sterlet
Sterlet ndi ya sturgeon. Amasiyana pamatenda, osati mafupa, mafupa. Komanso, sterlet ilibe masikelo ndipo chord ilipo. M'zinthu zina zam'mimba, zidasinthidwa ndi msana.
Sterlet imakula mpaka 1.5 mita, ikulemera makilogalamu 15. Nsombayi ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndipo ili ndi nyama yofiira. Komabe, sterlet ili pafupi kutha. Kusodza malonda ndikoletsedwa.
Mbali yapadera ya sterlet pakati pa ma sturgeon ena ndi milomo yakumunsi yosokonekera. Amathera mu gawo loyamba lachitatu la mlomo wapamwamba. Chapamwamba chimafanana ndi mphuno. Amaloza ndikuwongolera, komwe kumapangitsa nsomba kuwoneka ngati nyama yochititsa chidwi komanso yochenjera.
Sterlet, nsomba yomwe ilibe mamba
Palia
Amatanthauza nsomba. Ngakhale pali njira zotetezera matendawa, manambala ake akuchepa. Nyanja Onega ndi amodzi mwa ochepa pomwe nyama za Red Book nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa pogwira nsomba.
Palia ali mitundu iwiri: ludozhny ndi lokwera. Dzina lomaliza likuwonetsa komwe kumakhala nsomba pansi pazisamba, m'malo akuya komanso obisika a posungira.
Nyama ya Palia imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zokoma kwambiri pakati pa nsomba. Nsomba za mitsinje ndi nyanja onenepa 2 kilogalamu. Pali zosiyana zolemera 5 kilos. Nthawi yomweyo, pakuwunika, thupi limakhala ngati silvery. Mu char, akukhala pafupi ndi nyanja ya Onega, m'mimba mokha ndiopepuka. Kumbuyo kwa nsombayo kumakhala kobiriwira buluu.
Palia ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zosowa kwambiri
Kupatula vendace ndi smelt, whitefish, pike perch, burbot, roach, ruffs, pike ndi perches ndizofala ku Lake Onega. Mitundu iwiri ya nyali ndiofala. Nsomba yotsiriza ilibe nsagwada ndipo imafanana ndi leech wamkulu. Lampreys amamatira kwa ozunzidwa, kudya magazi awo.
Nsomba za ku White Lake
Panali famu yachifumu yachifumu m'mbali mwake. Idamangidwa pansi pa Mikhail Romanov. Malongosoledwe asodzi osungira mwayendedwe pafupi ndi amakono adapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th. Kenako m'nyanja ya White Lake munali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya nsomba. Zina mwa izo ndi zonunkhira komanso zogulitsa. Mitunduyi imafuna kuti madzi azikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, akuwonetsa kukongola kwa White Lake. Kumakhalanso anthu:
Mamba
Yemwe akuyimira banja la carp amatchedwanso kavalo komanso kusefa. Zovuta kunena nsomba zamtundu wanji munyanja imadumphira m'madzi mokweza kwambiri. Nthawi zina, mamba imakwera kufunafuna nyama. Chilombo chake chimapondereza ndi mchira wake wamphamvu. Kudya nsomba zopanda mphamvu, chub kumathetsa kufunikira kukumba m'menemo ndi mano. Woimira banja la carp alibe iwo.
Kulemera kwa asp ndi ma 3 kilogalamu. Nsombazo zimafika 70 sentimita m'litali. Ku Germany, anthu 10 kg adagwidwa. Mu Russia, mbiri - 5 makilogalamu.
Zander
Imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'nyanja ya White Lake. Mulibe okhalamo. Nsomba zimadza posungira kuchokera kumitsinje yoyenda mmenemo, mwachitsanzo, Kovzhi ndi Kema. Zimaphatikizana ndi White kumpoto kwake. Nyanja iyi imadziwika kuti ndiyo nsomba kwambiri
Pike nsomba mu White Lake ndi mafuta, chokoma, lalikulu. Mmodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa anali wolemera makilogalamu 12. Tidapeza chikho kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dziwe. Kutalika kwa nsombazo kudapitilira masentimita 100. Makulidwe akulu ndi ofanana ndi nsomba wamba. Ndi amene amapezeka mu White Lake. M'madamu ena, mitundu ina inayi imapezeka.
Kukhalapo kwa piki nsomba mu White Lake kumawonetsa kuyera kwa madzi ake. Nsombazo sizingalekerere kuipitsidwa, ngakhale kuipitsa kochepa. Koma pali pazipita Pike nsomba. Mu nsomba imodzi ya 2-kg, ma gobies 5 ndi ma 40 omwe adatuluka adapezeka.
Pike perch amakonda kukhazikika m'matupi amadzi oyera
Chekhon
Ndi a banja la carp. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi thupi lopindika, kenako lophwatalala. Maonekedwe onse amafanana ndi hering'i. Mamba a nyama amagwa mosavuta. Chodziwika china cha sabrefish ndikuchepa kwake komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu. Kufikira kutalika kwa masentimita 70, nsombayo siyolemera makilogalamu oposa 1.2.
Kusuntha kwa saberfish nthawi zonse kumayimira kusuntha kwa zander. Chifukwa chake, nsomba izi zimagwidwa mmodzimmodzi. Pike perch amaluma mosamala. Chekhon imagwira nyamboyo mwamphamvu, mopupuluma.
Kukoma kwa nsomba zonse mu White Lake ndikotsekemera pang'ono, popanda kununkhiza. Izi ndichifukwa cha kapangidwe ka madzi ndi mtundu wake. Nsomba zouma zili ndi kukoma komweko, koma ndimakoma chifukwa chowonjezera sodium glutamate. Ndizowonjezera zokoma. Beloozersk nsomba zabwino popanda zina.
Zowononga za m'nyanja
Pali mayina ambiri odziwika pakati olusa a m'nyanja Russian. Komabe, izi sizitengera ulemu ku nsombazo. Tiyeni tikumbukire zina mwa izo.
Nsomba zopanda mamba
Chilombo ichi ndi 5 mita ndi 300 kilogalamu. Nsombazo ndizosusuka, zimakoka mwa wovulalayo, ndikutsegula pakamwa pake. Mphalapala amakhala ndi moyo wapansi, wobisala m'malo ophulika, m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nsomba zimakonda maiwe akuya, madzi amatope.
Rotan
Zowononga za banja lazipika. Dzinalo la banjali ndi zamoyo zomwe zikuwonetsera mawonekedwe ake. Mutuwo umakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi, ndipo pakamwa pa nyama pakulirakulirapo. Nyama imasaka nyongolotsi, tizilombo, mwachangu. Nyama yayikulu ndiyolimba kwambiri kwa rotan, yomwe ili yambiri mkamwa mwa nsomba. Anapopera kukula kwake. Kulemera kwa rotan sikumangodutsa magalamu 350, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 25.
Loach
Nsomba yayitali komanso yayitali yokhala ndi kamwa yozunguliridwa ndi tinyanga 10 pansi pamutu. Loach ili ndi mchira womaliza, ndipo zomwe zili mthupi ndizochepa komanso zowoneka bwino.
Ndi nsomba zamtundu wanji zomwe zimapezeka m'nyanjayi loach alibe chidwi kwenikweni. Nsomba zonga njoka zimadya nyongolotsi, molluscs ndi crustaceans, kuzipeza pansi. Loach sifunikira kwenikweni pamadamu, okhala ngakhale m'malo ouma. Nsombazo zinaphunzira kupuma kudzera m'mimba ndi pakhungu. Amachotsa ma gill omwe amagwira ntchito madzi akakhala. Madziwo atasanduka nthunzi, loach amalowa m'nyanjayo, ndikukhala ngati makanema oimitsidwa.
Pike
Imadziwika kuti ndi yolimba kwambiri munyanja zaku Russia. Nsombayo imagwira chilichonse choyenda, kuphatikiza abale ake. Amazindikira pike ndi mutu wake woboola pakati komanso thupi lokhazikika. Mtundu wa nsombayo ndi wamawangamawanga kapena wamawangamawanga.
Pofuna kuti zisadye zokha, piki imakula mwachangu, mpaka kufika kilogalamu imodzi pazaka 3 zokha. Kufikira masekeli 30-40, chinyama chimakhala pamwamba pazosungira madzi. Zowona, ma piki akale siabwino kudya. Nyamayo imakhala yolimba ndikununkha ngati matope. Nsombayo imakutanso ndi zomera. Asodziwo adagwira zimphona, zofanana ndi mitengo ya tartar.
Alpine char
Nsomba yotsalira yomwe idakhalabe mu Ice Age. Mwachitsanzo, amapezeka mu Nyanja Frolikha, ku Republic of Buryatia. Char ndi nsomba. Nsombayi imatha kutalika masentimita 70 ndi kulemera kwa 3 kilogalamu. Mitundu ya Alpine imadyetsa nkhanu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Nyamayo imasiyanasiyana ndi char yachizolowezi kukula kwake kocheperako komanso thupi lothamanga.
Kumvi
Dzinalo la nsomba zambiri zomwe zimadya munyanja zaku Russia zikuwoneka ngati zodziwika bwino. Komabe, nyama zomwezo ndizapadera. Mwachitsanzo, tikumbukireni za imvi za Baikal. Nsombazi zoyera zimakhala m'nyanjayi. Mitundu ya anthuwo ndiyopepuka. Nsombazo zimaphatikizana ndi madzi oyera. Kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa nyanjayi kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu.
Kupatula iye, palinso mdima wakuda mu Nyanja ya Baikal. Zomera zonse ziwirizi ndi za gulu la ku Siberia. Palinso imvi zaku Europe zomwe zimapezeka munyanja zakumadzulo kwa dzikolo.
White Baikal imvi
Kujambula ndi imvi yakuda
